Institutional Repository of the General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania
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Problems of measuring country's financial security. Journal of International Studies /
No full textThe aim is to define the key issues ensuring financial security of a country. The studies proposes a technique to calculate a country's quality management index for a financial as a weighted average of the country's overall compliance with key international standards, rules and principles in the sector. The study uses statistical information from the Consultative Group to Assist the Poor, the World Bank Database and the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, to study financial security of the population in 142 countries with different levels of economic development. 47 variables, grouped into 10 aggregates, were included in the study: Disclosure of information upon opening a deposit account, Disclosure of information upon opening a credit account, Disclosure of general information, Periodic disclosure upon opening deposit accounts, Periodic disclosure Monitoring, Enforcing, Fair treatment, Recourses, Standards for complaints resolution. Analysis of the results show that the levels of financial security in the studied countries have a wide variation from the minimum to the maximum values. We see that among the countries with high levels of economic development, the leaders are Italy, Canada and Puerto Rico. Transition economies include Venezuela, Argentina and Mexico; among developing countries, we can mention Armenia, Azerbaijan and Uzbekistan
Svarbu prieš pratybas aptarti kiekvieną veiksmą, kurį reikės paskui atlikti savarankiškai /
No full textCULTURAL ELEMENT IN THE STRUCTURE OF NATO MEMBER STATES MILITARY POWER.
No full textThis dissertation work is first and foremost an exploratory one while seeking to expand possibilities for the application of international relations theories to warfare studies: although the issues of military studies are increasingly analysed in the framework of political science, the representatives of international relations and military studies use different ways of interpreting military power – one of the key aspects of military studies. With the intention of expanding the possibilities of applying theories of international relations to military studies, this article aims to show the need for a synthesis of theoretical insights into neoclassical realism and military studies for scientific interpretation and research of the military power structure. The promotion of inter-paradigm debates by paralleling the different perspectives concerning the interpretation of military power reflects a theoretical attempt to extend the application of theories of international relations to military studies. The theoretical part is based on three elements – military power, cultural competences and the analysis of the security environment by substantiating that cultural competences are included in the structure of military power through the conceptual element of military power – military doctrines. The empirical part is devoted to the confirmation of the interaction formulated in the theoretical section. This research is a qualitative, in-depth-orientated study employing three main methods – an analysis of documents, thematic content analysis and semi-structured interviews. The main takeaway of this dissertation is that the theory of neoclassical realism can be used for the analysis of military power only taking into consideration possibilities and limitedness of the application of this theory
Pro-environmental energy behavior in the military: assessing behavior change factors at a selected military unit /
No full textThe purpose of this study is to explore how pro-environmental energy behavior is manifested at a military unit and what behavioral change factors can enhance such behavior. The military unit represents an organization dominated by an exceptionally strong sense of community and belonging where individual pro-environmental energy behavior goes in line with a collective one. The application of Capability-Opportunity-Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) approach led to a better understanding of energy-saving behavior in the military as an organization where personnel are trained to increase their awareness of their peers' behavior. Methods: The results were obtained using data collected from two independent samples of both professional soldiers and conscripts at a military unit of Lithuanian defense forces located in a fixed installation in the time frame of 2018-2019. The total sample of respondents (professional soldiers and conscripts) was N = 454. A series of statistical tests were performed at the 0.05 level of confidence. Results: An extended COM-B model for the analysis of pro-environmental energy behavior in the military was proposed and applied. The results show that the three behavioral change factors - capability, opportunity, and motivation - are first of all positively linked with the collective energy behavior at the military unit and only then with the individual soldier's pro-environmental energy behavior. This is a new insight into the COM-B model as collective and individual behavior are identified as separate indicators and then combined into a single measurable construct. In addition, the results indicate that in the military unit, communality plays an important role in sustaining pro-environmental energy behavior, even if an individual behavior indicates low-involvement
Modern Economics in The Context of Security: Efficient Use of Funds and Reduction of Risks as One of The Aims of Public Procurement /
No full textThe purpose of this research is to analyse efficient use of contracting authority funds and reduction of its risks. Since all legal norms should be understood in the light of the aims of the law, this aim, together with others, is important in the interpretation of the Public Procurement Law. To interpret the aim correctly, it is important to understand its origins, history, how it is further reflected in law and how it is applied in practice. Therefore, authors analyse all those aspects using historical, descriptive, dogmatic and analytical research methods. Understanding of this principle is important in practice since it should be applied together with other principles, for example, equal treatment of tenderers and transparency, but it sometimes can even contradict them. Therefore, lack of understanding of this aim can lead to incorrect application of law. There is no publicly available research on this topic and, as one of the aims of the law, it is further developed and applied in practice. It is important for contracting authorities and tenderers to understand the meaning, possibilities and limitations of this principle. Therefore, this research is both original and practically applicable. As a result of the study, readers can gain more insight into the impact of this aim on public procurement
Strengthening Resilience of Lithuania in an Era of Great Power Competition: The Case for Total Defence /
No full textIn response to the power redistribution in the international system, the United States prepares for long-term Great power competition. It is aiming at strengthening America's network of alliances and partnerships in order to counter a rising China and revisionist Russia. The other states react to greater or lesser extent to the changing constraints and opportunities in the international system. The article examines how Lithuania, being a small state that belongs to the North Atlantic Alliance, is adapting to these systemic pressures. Current NATO's deterrence posture in the Baltic region is something akin to deterrence by the assured response – NATO is sending a signal that if the Russians attacked, NATO would respond in the Baltics. Lithuania, as well as other Baltic countries, has undertaken many legal, procedural, financial and technical measures to boost resilience and deterrence. However, there are not enough national or NATO military forces that would be able to counter conventional Russian forces deployed in the region. There are challenges such as air defence and control of the Baltic Sea. Also land forces are not present in adequate quantities. As a result, Lithuania has to strengthen its own capabilities with the help of the allied countries. It argued in the article that building up a total defence system in Lithuania would be a right effort in this regard
Research of Direct and Indirect Costs in Evaluation of Cyber Security /
No full textThe main problem is that the benefits of cybersecurity investments as well as the associated risks and the additional impact of unmanageable externalities are very difficult to quantify. Therefore, in order to explore the benefits of investing in cyber security, it is necessary to determine the relevant costs and how they should be measured. Thus, the object of the present research is the costs of cyber security. The aim of the research is to classify the costs of cybersecurity investments in order to be able to perform a proper and accurate evaluation of the benefit-cost ratio of these investments. Empirical research has shown that it is expedient to evaluate the benefits of cybersecurity investments based on the type of costs, since this enables to obtain more accurate benefit-cost ratio evaluation results, compared to the results obtained without considering their classification
