Institutional Repository of the General Jonas Zemaitis Military Academy of Lithuania
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The association between endogenous hair steroid hormones and social environmental factors in a group of conscripts during basic military training /
No full textThis study aimed to analyse the association between endogenous hair steroid hormones as reliable biological indicators of an individual’s stress level and the social environmental factors experienced during military training that are manifested at the beginning of compulsory military service. Hair steroid hormone concentrations—cortisol, cortisone, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and testosterone—in a group of 185 conscripts were measured using the ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Six subjective social environmental factors in the military—attitude towards the military and military service, adaptation to the military environment, team, task, and norm cohesion, as well as psychological (un)safety in the group—were evaluated using military-specific research questionnaires. Weak but significant negative correlations were identified between cortisol and adaptation (r = −0.176, p < 0.05), attitude (r = −0.147, p < 0.05) as well as between testosterone and task cohesion (r = −0.230, p < 0.01) levels. Additionally, a multiple forward stepwise regression analysis highlighted that cortisone variation might be partially explained by task cohesion; the DHEA—determined by psychological (un)safety in the group, attitude towards the military and military service, and norm cohesion; and the testosterone—determined by task cohesion and adaptation to the new military environment. The results of this study suggest that subjective measures of social factors can be used to predict hair steroid hormone levels as objective measures of the chronic stress perceived by conscripts during their basic military training
Supply chain - innovation: past, present, and future /
No full textNowadays, one of the factors that enable businesses to adapt to markets that are constantly renewed and changing due to the ever-increasing flow of information, and perhaps the most important, is innovation. Innovation is a topic that is frequently studied by both markets and academics. However, the increase in the quantity of studies conducted is far from meeting the need in this field. As a result of the shortening of product life cycles in current market conditions, companies are obliged to continuously innovate in order to sustain their existence. Increasing raw material and resource diversification requirement due to the increasing need for innovation made it necessary to examine and understand the supply chain in the context of innovation. The importance of innovation, especially in the case of participation by suppliers in innovation for a competitive advantage, has resulted in many in-depth studies published in research papers in the field. In this study, articles published in the Web of Science database between 1996-2020 and covering the topics of supply chain and innovation were analyzed in order to reveal the patterns of supply chain management and innovation research, identify relative deficiencies and provide some guidelines. For this purpose, a systematic literature review and bibliometric analysis related has been made. It has been possible to determine the effective actors in the field by including the distribution of the concepts in question according to time, countries, universities and journals. In addition, as a result of the keyword analysis, the evolution and open points of the field over time are among the findings of the study
Russia's ‘Sharp Power’ Manifestations in Lithuania's Mass Media /
No full textThe concept of ‘sharp power’ has recently emerged as a reaction to the assertiveness of authoritarian regimes. It serves to underline the complexity of challenges which are posed by authoritarian regimes, referring to diverse front lines in the overall ‘battle’, be they culture, education, or the media. The latter, according to Dmitri Trenin, “has become such a crowded battlefield”. This paper attempts to fill in the information gap regarding Russia’s ‘sharp power’ manifestations in Lithuania’s mass media and focuses on NATO related messages in particular. The paper presupposes that messages which evoke an air of support for Russia’s foreign and security policy tend to pass through to Lithuania’s mass media, and argues that, as a result of the insufficient activity by Lithuania’s mass media in terms of forming an independent perception of Russia vis-à-vis NATO, the preconditions for possible manifestations of Russia’s use of sharp power are therefore created. The article is organised into four parts. The first section sets out a theoretical framework for the analysis which focuses on the concept of sharp power. Then the research methodology is outlined. The third section presents features of the informational environment of Lithuania in 2016 and 2019. The final, and most elaborated, section investigates messages which apparently serve to support Russia’s foreign and security policy in terms of the NATO‘s topic in Lithuania’s mass media based on the aforementioned criteria
Talented personnel recruitment factors: the case of pharmaceutical organizations.
No full textOne of the most important organizational capitals discovered in the twenty first century which assures successful organizational activities is the talented personnel. Therefore, the aim of the article is to figure out: what the talent personnel is and how to keep it in the organization so that it would stay and work in the same place. Moreover, it is also significant to attract and to try to maintain talented personnel with incentives and other motivational assets in the case of pharmaceutical organizations. To achieve the aim of the paper and to realize the objectives, an electronic questionnaire was created and submitted to the administrative staff (managers and specialists) of pharmaceutical organizations to answer it. Owing to the collected data, the importance of talents in organization was determined, and the motivational factors of talented employees were analyzed, which are important for the retention of the staff and their efficiency in their work. The analysis of the data has been used and applied to the formulation of proposals. The results of the study have helped to identify and analyze the problem areas faced by pharmaceutical organizations in terms of talent acquisition and motivation for effective and efficient performance in the organization. Therefore, the paper analyses the results of the study, which will help to discover the most effective motivational methods necessary for retaining talent and improving the situation in the organization in terms of talent acquisition, including more activities or improving the implementation of existing activities. Talent management is one of the most important tasks for an organization, and it involves familiarization with the specifics of the job, the culture of the organization, the team, etc. The analysis of the Lithuanian pharmaceutical organizations’ personnel survey has shown that talent acquisition activities are carried out by managers who do not have special skills and qualifications to carry out these activities; talent acquisition is carried out by the same methods as for other personnel; the wrong sequence of acquisition activities is applied; the research is also focused on labor cost and reward system, which results in a poorly developed system of talent motivating factors, which is very central for the promotion of quality and efficiency of the organization
Baltic States’ Synchronisation with Continental European Network: Navigating the Hybrid Threat Landscape /
No full textThis topic was fueled mainly by Russia’s willingness to use energy to advance its foreign policy ends vis-à-vis neighbouring countries. Given the Baltic States’ aspirations for energy independence from Russia, the Kremlin often employed energy geopolitics against them to maintain its advantageous position in the energy supply chain.1 It was relatively straightforward that Lithuanian, Latvian, and Estonian synchronisation with CEN would not go unopposed as Russia perceived it as an unfavourable geopolitical development. The Baltic withdrawal from the IPS/UPS contradicted the Russian interests of maintaining a degree of influence in the Baltic States and threatened the Kremlin’s entrenched position in Lithuanian, Latvian and Estonian electricity markets.2 Observing the negative Russian perception towards the Baltic flagship energy project, the experts sought to foresee its upcoming response and identify potential security threats it would entail for the Baltic States and beyond
Comparative Analysis of Ports on the Eastern Baltic Sea Coast /
No full textPorts are an important part of the global and regional freight supply chain and transport network. As port activities have a significant impact on the economic growth of these countries, it is necessary to constantly analyse and plan port activities, anticipate market changes and improve the ability of ports to withstand the growing general competitive pressure. This article analyses studies conducted by researchers on the topic of seaports, thus, and find that there are no analyses comparing more than two ports. A comparative analysis of the ports on the eastern shore of the Baltic Sea was conducted using the analysis of statistical data. The comparative analysis of ports on the eastern Baltic Sea revealed that Klaipeda port is the most diversified port in the eastern Baltic Sea region, given that it does not have any single most important type of cargo. The largest ports in terms of bulk cargo are in Tallinn, Riga and Ventspils. Primorsk is the largest port for liquid cargo and St. Petersburg handles the greatest volumes of cargo of a general type andwhile the distribution of cargo flows in the port of Visotsk is best correlated with the selected parameters, which allows us to state that the infrastructure of this port is used to the maximum
Lithuanian basic officers training qualifications changes in the conditions of the 4th Industrial revolution development.
No full textThe aim of the publication is to reveal the necessary changes in the basic structure and content of officers’ qualifications arising from the digitization of business processes and other aspects of the development of Industry 4.0. The article discusses the reasons for the change in officers’ education and training qualifications, presents the officer education and training model, the primary input of which is “emerging threats”, justifies that all fourofficer education and training models “Jena”, “Falkland Islands”, “Kosovo” arose when the troops faced challenges (threats), all changes are usually reactive in nature. The article reveals “Industry 4.0”, “Industrial Revolution 4” and other directly used concepts, presents the components/features of “Industry 4.0”: high-speed Internet, powerful sensors, artificial intelligence, cyber-physical systems, and a myriad of other components and connectors. With the rapid development of technology and the creative discovery of new combinations of them in unpredictable ways, the potential scale of threats and opportunities is not widely assessed, and future officers should begin to prepare for new challenges now. The empirical part of the article is based on a survey of the opinion of soldiers (non-commissioned officers, officers) serving/retired, which was conducted in 2021 at the Lithuanian Military Academy. The study found that the structure and content of the basic officer training program is constantly changing, formal and informal changes are seen, some changes are consolidated by changing the programs, others take place to adapt to the current, real situation. The informants revealed six factors that led to changes in the programs, all of which are thought to be of a reactionary nature. The survey did not provide evidence that program changes would be driven by the future penetration of future technologies. During the research, all informants provided examples of technological innovations and the application of innovations in the Lithuanian Armed Forces. Most of the informants said that drones are widely used in LAF and drones are changing the war, but there is no formal training in training future officers. The informants confirmed that they are monitoring the penetration of new technologies in LAF, and they also see the need to change/supplement the curriculum of future officers’ education and training so that future officers receive technological training. It was also emphasized that it was necessary to combine academic and military education and training efforts and seek synergies in the training of fully-fledged future officers
Willingness to Defend Lithuania: “System Problem Detected, Action Pending” /
No full textThe publication reflects on one of the core aspects and indicators of societal resilience and national defence — why ordinary people are or are not willing to defend their own countries. Based on a review of conceptual considerations and statistical data, an international team of scientists have explored the situation in Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania and its implications to the North Atlantic Treaty Organization