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Entrepreneurship, economic development and public policy : how can Nevada help and inspire Poland, how can Poland help and inspire Nevada
Get PDFWhen describing a product to consumers, should marketers use abstract or concrete product descriptions? Prior research suggests that a consumer’s level of product expertise or brand awareness may affect their preference for abstract versus concrete product information. Drawing on the classical means-end chain model and the concept of consumer mindset, we propose that product evaluation mode (i.e., whether product alternatives are presented separately or jointly) will affect consumer preference for abstract versus concrete product-related information.We present an overview of our conceptual model and we outline an empirical study to test our hypotheses. Our findings should have direct relevance for the marketing of products on brand and retailer websites. Based on our findings, marketers should have greater insight on how to describe products based on whether products are individually or jointly presented to online shoppers.First edition40-4
What Will Drive Long-Run Growth in the Digital Age?
No full textThis paper considers the prospective sources of long-run growth in the future. Historically, in the industrial era and at the early stage of the digital era (which began approximately in the 1980s) the main growth engine is R&D. If in the future all essential production or R&D tasks will eventually be subject to automation, though, the engine of growth will be shifted to the accumulation of programmable hardware (capital), and R&D will lose its prominence. By contrast, if neither production nor R&D tasks will be fully automated, R&D will remain the main growth engine. Additional mechanisms potentially accelerating and sustaining growth are the accumulation of R&D capital (particularly important under partial automation), and hardware-augmenting technical change.2020/0541-2
e-mentor
Get PDFDane zgromadzone w ogólnopolskim systemie monitorowania ekonomicznych losów absolwentów pozwalają na analizę przygotowania absolwentów do wymogów rynku pracy. Umożliwiają także uszeregowanie uczelni według opisanego w artykule kryterium wykorzystującego informacje o syntetycznych wskaźnikach zatrudnienia i zarobków. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono analizy dotyczące absolwentów uczelni, które oferują jednolite magisterskie studia prawnicze. Wykazano także, że ranking utworzony na podstawie danych pochodzących z systemu monitorowania Ekonomicznych Losów Absolwentów (ELA) jest zbieżny z rankingiem publikowanym co roku przez „Perspektywy”.The data collected in the national system of monitoring the economic position of graduates (ELA) allows for the analysis of graduates' preparation for the labor market requirements. They also make it possible to rank universities according to the described in the article criterion, using the synthetic information on employment and earnings indicators. This article presents the analysis of graduates of universities that conduct a uniform Master's degree in law studies. It has also been shown that the order based on data from the ELA system is consistent with the ranking published annually by Perspektyw288-9
International Conference on Research in Advertising, Proceedings 2021
Get PDFTwo surveys, conducted among Polish consumers in different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, investigated how the pandemic-related emotions of sadness (about the restrictions) and disgust (with other people) shape the consumer response to advertising premium offers of electronic goods. Consumer personality was considered as a factor of pandemic-related emotions. In both studies, pandemic-related sadness was positively related to premium offer purchase intent, extraversion, and neuroticism, and pandemic-related disgust was positively related to neuroticism. Those findings were replicated in January 2021, and then, pandemic-related disgust was also positively related to purchase intent, and negatively related to extraversion. The results were interpreted based on consumer behavior theory and the pandemic context.International Conference on Research in Advertising - ICORIA 202111-1
Sustainability
Get PDFThe paper aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and possible future global
epidemic events on shopping behavioral patterns. Specifically, the paper investigates consumer
pandemic-related isolation behavior (which manifests itself via preference for shopping without
leaving home, and avoiding contact with other people while shopping offline) as a consequence
of consumer interdependent self-construal, with the mediating role of consumer pandemic-related
emotions of disgust, fear for oneself, fear for others, and sadness. The results of two surveys
conducted in different stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Poland (October 2020, and January 2021,
respectively) suggest two opposing indirect effects of interdependent self-construal on isolation
behavior: a positive effect through disgust, and a negative effect through sadness. Additionally,
a positive indirect effect through fear was visible in the second study. Moreover, two dimensions
of interdependent self-construal (i.e., vertical and horizontal) are demonstrated to have opposing
effects (a positive effect and a negative one, respectively) on pandemic-related disgust, and in turn
on isolation behavior. The above results indicate that, in the context of the pandemic, consumer
self-construal influences pandemic-related emotions, and in turn consumers’ tendency to isolate
themselves. Implications for marketers and society were discussed from the perspective of economic
and sustainability goals.111-161
Macroeconomic Effects of Quantitative Easing Using Mid-sized Bayesian Vector Autoregressions
Get PDFThe paper estimates macroeconomic effects and decomposes transmission channels of quantitative easing in the United States using 15-variable Bayesian vector autoregressive model with stochastic search variable selection prior, distinguishing between Treasury bond purchases, mortgage-backed securities purchases and Operation Twist. A positive quantitative easing shock has a strong, negative impact on unemployment and no impact on prices, with Treasury purchases and Operation Twist found to be more effective than purchases of mortgage-backed securities. Opposite to the assumptions usually made in the literature, quantitative easing transmits to the real economy mostly via the stock market instead of long-term rates. Among numerous extensions to the baseline model, spillbacks are found to account for 40% of the impact of Treasury purchases on unemployment and commercial paper purchases have similar effects on the economy as purchases of Treasury bonds and mortgage-backed securities. However, baseline estimates are not found to be very robust, and thus substantial uncertainty regarding the macroeconomic effects of QE persists.2021-0681-61SGH KAE Working Papers Serie
Kierunki polityki gospodarczej w warunkach niestabilności rynków
No full textWspółpraca państwa z sektorem prywatnym przy realizacji wspólnych przedsięwzięć,
zarówno tych dużych infrastrukturalnych, jak i tych mniejszych badawczo-
-rozwojowych, od wielu lat ma swoje grono zwolenników wskazujących na obopólne
korzyści dla obydwu stron umowy. Takie projekty nie tylko dowodzą możliwości
kooperacji i wzajemnego uzupełniania się kompetencjami lub środkami partnerów,
ale również mogą przyczyniać się do szybszej realizacji zakładanych celów – czy to
na szczeblu centralnym, lokalnym, czy samorządowym. Autorzy postawili sobie za
cel przeprowadzenie oceny, jak partnerstwo publiczno-prawne (PPP) odnalazło się
w sytuacji panującej pandemii koronawirusa. Taki czarny łabędź, jak określa
się chorobę COVID-19, może być kolejnym impulsem do rozwoju tego obszaru
w gospodarkach. Przeprowadzone badania ukazały potencjał partnerstwa publiczno-prywatnego w polskiej gospodarce. Jego rola i znaczenie, pomimo instytucjonalnych, regulacyjnych
czy wreszcie pandemicznych zawirowań, nie osłabnie przede wszystkim z powodu
nadwyżek kapitałowych prywatnych inwestorów i funduszy. W przeprowadzaniu
tego typu projektów kluczowe jest równe traktowanie dwóch głównych stron
kontraktu i wzajemne zaufanie. Z niemałym prawdopodobieństwem można oczekiwać, że po raz kolejny dotkliwy niedobór środków budżetowych stanie się impulsem
do wzrostu zainteresowania rządów wielu państw partnerstwem publiczno-prywatnym
i, w następstwie, zwiększonej liczby inwestycji publicznych realizowanych
przy współudziale sektora prywatnego, być może na bezprecedensową skalę. Tym
bardziej że skala wydatków państwa wymuszonych pandemią wskazuje, że powrót
finansów publicznych do stanu sprzed nastania pandemii nie będzie ani szybki, ani
łatwy. Niewykluczone, że dobre doświadczenie ze wspólnej realizacji zadań przez
sektor publiczny i sektor prywatny zdobyte w czasie pandemii przyczyni się do
poprawy jakości takiego partnerstwa w dłuższej perspektywie.Cooperation of the state with the private sector in the implementation of joint ventures,
both large infrastructural and smaller research and
-development, for many years has had its supporters pointing to mutual
benefits for both parties to the contract. Projects like this don't just show what's possible
cooperation and complementing each other with the competences or resources of partners,
but they can also contribute to faster achievement of the assumed goals - whether this
at the central, local or local government level. The authors set themselves for
objective to assess how public-private partnership (PPP) has found its way
in the context of the coronavirus pandemic. Such a black swan, as he defines
COVID-19 disease, may be another impulse for the development of this area
in economies. The conducted research showed the potential of public-private partnership in the Polish economy. Its role and importance, despite institutional, regulatory ones
or finally pandemic turmoil, will not weaken primarily because of
capital surpluses of private investors and funds. In carrying out
In this type of projects, it is crucial to treat the two main parties equally
contract and mutual trust. It is highly probable that once again the severe shortage of budget funds will become an impulse
to the growing interest of governments of many countries in public-private partnerships
and, consequently, an increased number of public investments being made
with the participation of the private sector, perhaps on an unprecedented scale. Tim
more so that the scale of state spending forced by the pandemic indicates that the return
public finances to the pre-pandemic state will neither be quick nor
easy. It is possible that the good experience of joint implementation of tasks by
the public sector and the private sector gained during the pandemic will contribute to
to improve the quality of such a partnership in the long term.I70-8
Bilateralna współpraca gospodarcza a przewagi konkurencyjne
No full textCelem niniejszego rozdziału jest zbadanie bilateralnych stosunków polsko-amerykańskich w sferze politycznej i gospodarczej w latach 2009–2020. Prezentowane opracowanie składa się z dwóch części. Pierwsza z nich dotyczy aspektów politycznych (przywództwo polityczne, bezpieczeństwo narodowe i polityka imigracyjna), druga zaś obejmuje kwestie o charakterze gospodarczym (umowy o wolnym handlu i stosunki bilateralne). W rozdziale tym połączono podejście jakościowe z ilościowym. Głównymi zastosowanymi metodami badawczymi są przegląd literatury (w tym rządowych stron internetowych) oraz analiza porównawcza. Mimo powstawania niniejszej pracy w trakcie pandemii COVID-19 skupiono się głównie na bieżącej problematyce politycznej i gospodarczej, wykraczającej poza przytłaczający wpływ załamania związanego z utrzymującą się sytuacją epidemiczną.1187-205Polska: Raport o Konkurencyjności; ISSN 2083-228
Development Cooperation Within the Framework of the World Trade Organization
Get PDF“An impressive book covering multi-faceted and interdisciplinary analysis, focusing on the determinants of low effectiveness of the international development aid system and the need to redefine the position of the World Trade Organization as a leading authority among other international institutions. The study provides the reader, in a clear and reliable manner, with specialist knowledge on the implications of the phenomenon of development cooperation. It signals the need for a new look at these issues and the importance of an active role for the WTO in the area of development cooperation, which is a current challenge for all WTO member countries.
The reality of the global economy shows that filling the development gap must be a priority in the coming years and the WTO will play a significant role in the context of the evolution from development aid to development cooperation. This book is an important source of knowledge for academics, students, policy makers and all those readers who are concerned with contemporary world problems.”
Krystyna Żołądkiewicz, Professor at the University of Gdańsk
“The book touches upon an important area of development cooperation, which is increasingly often an element of trade or economic agreements signed around the world. The author decided to examine how the World Trade Organization supports development cooperation, which has not yet been the subject of a specific and comprehensive analysis in literature. So, the monograph will certainly contribute to the enrichment of the literature on the subject. (...) A great advantage of the work is the rich statistical material and the review of partial studies evaluating the types of aid discussed, including initiatives, and their results. The analysis certainly deserves recognition.”
Ida Musiałkowska, Professor at the Poznań University of EconomicsThe book addresses the issues of international development cooperation and the involvement of the World Trade Organization (WTO) in activities supporting developing countries in their integration into the world trading system. The author's intention was to examine what kind of role and significance the WTO plays in the area of development cooperation, assuming that a number of the organization’s activities fall within the scope of assistance. To this end, the types of activities have been specified, defined and explained. The author has done so on the basis of a critical analysis of the following areas:
development assistance mechanisms and instruments,
principles and rules of trade policy,
GATT and WTO multilateral negotiations,
special forms of cooperation between the WTO and developing countries.
A qualitative study was conducted based on empirical data contained in documents, reports, scientific papers as well as OECD, WTO and UNCTAD statistical databases.
The author has made an assessment of the WTO's action in the field of development cooperation, which is - so far - ambiguous and unclear. Nevertheless, the direction of evolution of the WTO strongly indicates the option of greater involvement and support of developing countries in their process of economic modernization. This is in line with the expectations of WTO's members, most of which include developing countries. In light of the ongoing debate on the future of the WTO, these countries are counting on greater support to achieve their trade-related development goals. In turn, it is in the interest of highly developed countries (USA, EU) to increase the effectiveness of the organization. This means changing trade rules and principles to adapt to new international conditions, including the adoption of a new type of support for less developed countries.11-23
European Research Studies Journal
Get PDFThe principal aim of the research was to present and evaluate the approach of manufacturing enterprises to various types of pro-ecological initiatives and to identify their impact on corporate financial performance (revenue, profit).
The article discusses the issue of integrating environmental initiatives into economic activities of manufacturing enterprises in Poland and tries to answer whether managers of these enterprises make environmental decisions and what impact these decisions may have on the operation of the entities they manage. Quantitative studies were carried out on a sample of 385 manufacturing enterprises pursuing a variety of economic activities in Poland (50% were small, 39% medium-sized and 11% large companies).
The hypothesis of the research was partially positively verified and it does not exhaust the research gap in the area. The key results from the studies indicated active (35%) and neutral (62%) attitudes of the companies surveyed to environmental issues as well as the pursuit of environmental initiatives by 77% of large, 82% medium-sized and only 39% of small enterprises. It shows that the future development of today’s enterprises can be achieved in many ways, but pro-ecological initiatives should not be ignored in this process.
On the basis of the results obtained it was found, that in most companies pro-ecological initiatives undertaken did not contribute to a net profit growth (in about 50-60% of the entities surveyed depending on the group), however, one third of the entities recorded a profit growth. At the same time, a prevailing, relatively low revenue growth (0 to 5%) due to the environmental initiatives implemented pointed to the existence of an ecological revenue gap that can be exploited by manufacturing enterprises.
The originality and value of the study are given by the fact, that it identifies specific types of pro-ecological initiatives implemented in the surveyed companies, which can serve as models to follow for other entities.457-742