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    1091 research outputs found

    Using geolocation data in spatial-econometric construction of multiregion input-output tables: a Bayesian approach

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    Interregional input-output tables for Poland at NUTS-3 level are built by using the Bayesian approach to spatial econometric analysis. I apply the multi-equation Durbin specification proposed by Torój (2021) to derive the sample density and Statistics Finland (2006) regional I–O tables to derive the prior hyperparameters. This prior aims to introduce additional information in the presence of noisy spatial data, but also to avoid the areas where the spatial decay profiles representing the supply geography become insensitive to the parameter values of the selected functional form. To measure the distance, the real-world driving distance between the most populated cities of the regions from Google Maps is used. Posterior distrubutions indicate that the agricultural commodities and advanced services are supplied to the most distant locations, whereas the simple services – to the least distant ones; the result for the former group of sectors is characterized with the highest uncertainty. The illustrative simulation indicates that 82.2% of the indirect effects occur in the home region, with a posterior-based confidence interval from 71.5% to 92.4%. The results do not change qualitatively when I use the driving time (averaged over 42 equidistant moments in a 7-day week) as the alternative measure of distance, but the hybrid time- and distance-based model is strongly preferred in the Bayes factor comparison, since for all sectors except industry (NACE sections B-E), the time-based metric turned out to be dominant. When commuting is taken into account in the induced effect calculation (measured with mobile geolocation data), 4.9% of the induced effects are relocated from the home region (central point in a big agglomeration) to the other regions, especially the surrounding ''ring''.2022-0691-34SGH KAE Working Papers Serie

    Iterative Monotone Comparative Statics

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    For an increasing upper order hemi-continuous correspondence F selfmapping sigma-complete lattice A, we first provide tight fixed-point bounds for sufficiently large iterations on F starting from any initial point a in A. We use this result for conducting iterative fixed-point comparative statics, and then apply our results to monotone games and economies. For games of strategic complementarities, we improve the correspondence principle based results of Echenique (2002) by allowing for divergent learning processes, unstable fixed points, equilibrium indeterminacies, and unordered perturbations. We also apply our results to the comparative statics of stationary equilibria in large economies and the set of recursive equilibria in macroeconomic models with indeterminacies.2022/0721-36SGH KAE Working Papers Serie

    ​Common typology of virtual communities and multi-sided platforms. Analysis of business models using qualitative system dynamics

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    This paper presents a common typology of virtual communities and multi-sided platforms. The analyzed entities comprise 69 of Poland's most prominent websites, representing one of two business models. Based on three dimensions: collaboration among users, reputation-based user competition, and user multi-sidedness, we identified four business models. These are problem community, object community, object market, and reputation market. They were depicted in qualitative system dynamics diagrams. The typology was verified using the statistical clustering technique, which yielded corresponding results. This paper helps comprehend the diversity of value creation logic in virtual communities and multi-sided platforms.2022/0791-48SGH KAE Working Papers Serie

    Czynniki wzrostu gospodarczego regionów i podregionów województwa mazowieckiego

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    Międzyregionalne różnice w poziomie rozwoju gospodarczego w województwie mazowieckim należą do jednych z największych w UE. Wartość PKB per capita w roku 2018 w regionie warszawskim stołecznym była ponad 2,6 razy wyższa niż w mazowieckim regionalny,. Duże dysproporcje odnotowano także na poziomie podregionów. PKB per capita miasta Warszawy w 2017 roku sięgał 296,6% średniej wartości tego wskaźnika dla kraju, z kolei w podregionie warszawskim wschodnim wynosił już tylko 83,1%. Duże różnice w poziomach rozwoju odnotowywano także w podregionach NUTS2 mazowieckiego regionalnego. Podregion płockim wyróżniał się wysokim PKB per capita (w roku 2017 149,9% średniej dla kraju), ale już w podregionach ciechanowskim czy ostrołęckim wartości tego wskaźnika to odpowiednio 75,1% i 74,2% średniej dla kraju. Autorzy opracowania podjęli się wyjaśnienia źródeł tego zróżnicowania w trzech fazach. Po pierwsze, dokonali oni diagnozy wielkości luki rozwojowej NUTS2 warszawskiego stołecznego i mazowieckiego regionalnego oraz ich podregionów na tle poziomu rozwoju całego województwa i Polski. Po drugie, dokonali oceny zasobności regionów NUTS2 województwa mazowieckiego w czynniki wytwórcze, a także wskazali, w jakim stopniu nierównomierność wyposażenia w te czynniki łączy się ze zróżnicowaniem rozwoju gospodarczego województwa. Po trzecie, wreszcie, dokonali oceny przepływu czynników wytwórczych pomiędzy NUTS2 warszawskim stołecznym a mazowieckim regionalnym w kontekście ich nierównomiernego rozwoju. Książka stanowi jeden z elementów realizacji projektu Mazovia 2.0 pt. Zrównoważony rozwój województwa mazowieckiego w nowym układzie jednostek NUTS2 i NUTS3. Poziom metropolitalny, regionalny i subregionalny, którego głównym celem jest znalezienie sposobów na zrównoważenie dobrobytu i dyfuzję procesów rozwojowych na terenie Mazowsza.114

    Computers in Human Behavior Reports

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    Making consumers trust in product descriptions provided by recommender systems is important for marketers, managers, and IT developers dealing with AI-based recommenders. The previous related research has focused on the relationship between the personalization of a recommender system’s offering and consumer trust in the system. This paper aims to extend this literature by investigating how the perceived recommender system ability to learn influences the perceived trustworthiness of the recommended product descriptions. Additionally, it is studied what role the consumer self-extension into system recommendations and intelligence cues play in this relationship. Two studies (Study 1 and Study 2) were conducted among young adults participating in an online research panel. Both studies used smartphones as a product category. All study participants were exposed to the same set of product descriptions ostensibly provided by recommender systems. Study 1 surveyed actual Facebook users (N = 204) and assumed Facebook as a recommender system. Perceived ability to learn, self-extension, and perceived trustworthiness were rated by the participants, and the measurements were analyzed with a mediation model. Perceived ability to learn had a positive effect on perceived description trustworthiness, and selfextension mediated this relationship. Study 2 (N = 515) was an experiment. The participants were exposed to a fictitious recommender system. Ability-to-learn cues (like asking about preferences; present vs. absent) and anthropomorphic cues (like first-person and conversation-like communication; present vs. absent) were manipulated between-subject. Perceived ability to learn, perceived anthropomorphism, and trustworthiness were rated by the participants, and the measurements were analyzed with ANOVA and moderated mediation models. Ability-to-learn cues × anthropomorphism cues interaction effect occurred on perceived ability to learn and trustworthiness. The positive effect of ability-to-learn cues on perceived ability to learn (perceived trustworthiness) was more positive (occurred only) in the presence of anthropomorphic cues. The paper extends the existing knowledge on consumer response to recommender systems by linking perceived system ability to learn and perceived recommended product description trustworthiness (with the evaluated offerings unchanged). Moreover, the paper provides novel insights into the role of self-extension and system intelligence cues in building consumer trust in recommender systems. The results may guide marketers, managers, IT developers, and policymakers dealing with AI-based systems through the possible consequences of developing AI technology in recommender systems.1001931-13

    Współczesne wyzwania gospodarcze w analizach uczestników programu Młody Naukowiec SGH

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    This study extends the concept of brand attachment to the context of cultural brands, specifically brands of popular music groups. The author collates the idea of music group brand with branding theories and investigates the impact of attachment to a music group brand on music group brand loyalty. Brand community identification, brand community commitment and perceived community-brand similarity, interpreted in the context of music fan communities, were considered as factors of music brand attachment. The data collected in a survey among members of international fan communities of three popular music groups were used to test the formulated hypotheses. The results show that attachment to a music group brand is positively related to brand loyalty and fully mediates the relationship between brand community identification and brand loyalty, as well as the relationship between the perceived community-brand similarity and brand loyalty. The brand community identification is also shown to positively affect brand community commitment among music fan communities. The outcomes of the study were discussed in relation to their implications for theory and practice.W rozdziale poddano analizie koncepcję przywiązania do marki w kontekście sektora kultury, posługując się przykładem marek zespołów muzycznych. Zestawiono ideę marki grupy muzycznej z teoretycznymi koncepcjami marki oraz zbadano wpływ przywiązania do marki zespołu muzycznego na lojalność wobec niej. Identyfikacja ze społecznością wokół marki, zaangażowanie w społeczność oraz postrzegane podobieństwo pomiędzy społecznością a marką, interpretowane w kontekście społeczności fanów, rozpatrywano jako czynniki kształtujące przywiązanie do marki. Dane zebrane w ankiecie przeprowadzonej wśród członków międzynarodowych społeczności fanów trzech popularnych zespołów posłużyły do testowania postawionych hipotez. Wyniki potwierdzają pozytywną zależność pomiędzy przywiązaniem do marki zespołu a lojalnością wobec marki i mediacyjną rolę przywiązania do marki w relacjach między identyfikacją ze społecznością wokół marki i podobieństwem społeczności do marki a lojalnością wobec marki. Potwierdzono także identyfikację ze społecznością wokół marki zespołu jako czynnik kształtujący zaangażowanie w społeczność. Omówiono ponadto znaczenie wyników badania dla teorii i praktyki.I71-9

    Vaccines

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    The public debate over COVID-19 vaccinations tends to focus on vaccine-related arguments, such as their effectiveness and safety. However, the characteristics of a person’s worldview, such as beliefs about the world’s positivity and orderliness, may also shape attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccinations. These relationships were investigated using schema incongruity theory. The degree of the vaccine’s incongruence with the world’s order schema existing in people’s minds was represented by perceived vaccine novelty. Accordingly, the results of an online survey among European young adults (N = 435) indicate that perceived vaccine novelty negatively affects behavioral outcomes (vaccination intent, willingness to pay for vaccinations, and vaccination advocacy). Moreover, there occurred a negative interaction effect of positivity and orderliness beliefs on behavioral outcomes. Specifically, an effect of positivity was more positive when people perceived the world as less ordered. Furthermore, this interaction effect was more negative when perceived vaccine novelty was higher. A mediating role of perceived vaccine effectiveness was demonstrated for the above relationships. The results extend the existing literature on people’s worldviews into the domain of vaccine attitudes, and provide new insights on the role of perceived vaccine novelty. For vaccination policymakers and marketers, the paper suggests how to promote vaccinations with consideration of orderliness/positivity beliefs and vaccine novelty perception.31-221

    Social Policy

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    Działania w obszarze polityki kulturalnej (PK) utożsamiane są zazwyczaj z działalnością państwa i jego instytucji. Również wiele definicji i koncepcji wskazuje właśnie na takie rozumienie tego pojęcia. Tymczasem w realizację polityki kulturalnej zaangażowane są – na różne sposoby – podmioty należące do wszystkich trzech sektorów: publicznego, prywatnego oraz trzeciego sektora. Uczestniczą one zarówno w fazie projektowania działań, ich implementacji, analizie wyzwań i scenariuszy, jak i w ewaluacji rezultatów. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest w pierwszej kolejności przedstawienie koncepcji i podejść do PK, zaś w drugiej – zdiagnozowanie obszarów oraz faz działania podmiotów ekonomii społecznej w odniesieniu do PK.Activities in the area of cultural policy (CP) are usually equated with the activities of the state and its institutions. Also, many definitions and concepts indicate such an understanding of this concept. Meanwhile, the implementation of cultural policy involves – in different ways – entities belonging to all three sectors: public, private, and third sector. They participate in the design of activities, their implementation, analysis of challenges and scenarios, as well as in the evaluation of results. The aim of this article is firstly to present the concepts and approaches to CP, and secondly to diagnose the areas and phases of social economy entities' activities in relation to CP.126-3

    Raport SGH i Forum Ekonomicznego 2022

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    The subject of the research is the analysis of energy transition of the automotive market in the passenger car segment. The study aims to identify possible scenarios of the process of eliminating CO2 emission vehicles from road traffic and replacing them with a new generation of zero-emission vehicles with a motor powered by electricity from a battery. The development of passenger car market was designed using the method of scenarios planning. The authors selected a team of experts, together they identified a set of factors important for changes and prepared three scenarios: 1) base scenario, which optimistically assumes that the market will develop at the current pace; 2) scenario of limited approval for electric passenger cars, reflecting lower popularity of electric vehicles than previously expected; 3) scenario of decline in supply and demand for new cars due to a significant decrease in the wealth of the society. The scenarios include quantitative estimates of the structure of Poland’s new car registrations in 2022–2025 and in 2030. Based on these estimates, a quantitative analysis of a hypothetical reduction in the consumption of liquid fuels and gas was carried out. The resulting reduction in CO2 emission was also estimated. The study concludes with recommendations for public authorities and the automotive industry regarding their energy, climate, and transport policies.Przedmiotem badań jest analiza transformacji energetycznej rynku motoryzacyjnego w segmencie samochodów osobowych. Ma ona na celu rozpoznanie możliwych scenariuszy procesu eliminowania z ruchu drogowego pojazdów emisyjnych i zastępowania ich nową generacją pojazdów bezemisyjnych, z silnikiem zasilanym energią elektryczną z baterii. Projektowanie rozwoju rynku motoryzacji indywidualnej zostało przeprowadzone z wykorzystaniem metodyki formułowania scenariuszy. Autorzy wybrali zespół ekspertów, wspólnie zidentyfikowali zestaw czynników istotnych dla zmian i opracowali trzy autorskie scenariusze: 1) bazowy, który optymistycznie zakłada, że rynek będzie rozwijał się w dotychczasowym tempie; 2) ograniczonej aprobaty dla zelektryfikowania motoryzacji indywidualnej, odzwierciedlający niższą niż do tej pory przewidywano popularność pojazdów elektrycznych; 3) spadku popytu i podaży na nowe samochody w związku ze znacznym ograniczeniem zamożności społeczeństwa. Scenariusze uwzględniają szacunki liczbowe dotyczące struktury pierwszych rejestracji nowych samochodów w Polsce w latach 2022–2025 oraz w 2030 r. Na podstawie tych danych przeprowadzono analizę ilościową hipotetycznej redukcji zużycia paliw płynnych i gazowych. Oszacowano również wynikającą z tego obniżkę emisji CO2. Opracowanie zamykają rekomendacje dla władzy publicznej i przemysłu dotyczące prowadzenia polityki energetyczno-klimatycznej oraz transportowej.1109-14

    The Aggregate and Distributional Effects of Fiscal Stimuli

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    This paper compares the aggregate and distributional effects of three fiscal policy instruments: government expenditures, unemployment benefits and transfers. To this end, the Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides model of frictional labor market is embedded into an otherwise standard Heterogeneous Agent New Keynesian framework. The model calibrated to match the moments characterizing the US economy successfully replicates the empirical distributions of households across: disposable income, consumption expenditures and net worth. The solution method developed by Reiter (2009) is applied to quantify the aggregate and distributional responses to changes in the analyzed fiscal measures. Moreover, the stabilizing role of government expenditures, unemployment benefits and transfers is assessed.2022-0701-38SGH KAE Working Papers Serie

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