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Réactiver l'opéra au XXIe siècle. Correction de l'interprétation et efficacité de l'activation
No full textNational audienceUsant de mises en scène récentes d'opéras, on examine le concept goodmanien d'activation, en distinguant interprétation et activation, activation d'une œuvre et activation d'un genre. On montre que la norme de la correction de l'interprétation, et la norme d'efficacité de l'activation, se contrarient, ce qui contrevient à la tentative d'interpréter Goodman en termes réalistes et essentialistes
Territoria Naturalia. Aménager sans altérer, entre partage et réserve
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Evidence of radiation induced segregation clustering in binary ferritic model alloys
No full textInternational audienceThis study investigates the microstructural changes and hardening mechanisms in irradiated binary Fe-Mn and Fe-Ni model alloys using atom probe tomography (APT). Mn and Ni are key alloying elements in reactor pressure vessel (RPV) steels, enhancing hardenability and mechanical properties while increasing irradiation sensitivity. Neutron irradiation introduces point defects that lead to solute clustering, impacting the mechanical properties of the materials. APT analysis reveals and quantifies the formation of Mn and Ni clusters, which act as barriers to dislocation motion and contribute to irradiation hardening. This research isolates the individual behavior of Mn and Ni by studying undersaturated binary model alloys, providing detailed insights into the mechanisms of radiation-induced segregation and nanoscale solute clustering and these effect on hardenin
Designing Two-Echelon Sustainable Urban Logistics Networks with Green Transport Modes
No full textInternational audienceUrban freight transport is a major contributor to carbon emissions and requires sustainable and strategically planned delivery systems in dense urban environments. While research has explored various operational and technological aspects of green logistics, limited attention has been given to the strategic design of urban logistics networks, particularly the selection and placement of micro-hubs and the conditions that favor green transport modes over conventional vehicles. This paper develops a strategic two-echelon urban logistics network design framework that integrates green transport modes such as cargo bikes and electric vans alongside conventional vans to reduce carbon emissions. The study formulates a two-stage stochastic programming model that captures demand uncertainty and evaluates the financial and environmental trade-offs among alternative network configurations over a long-term planning horizon. To account for routing complexity in urban contexts, the route cost approximation formula is enhanced to account for complex transport costs while maintaining computational efficiency. The stochastic model is solved using a Benders decomposition approach to handle large-scale problem instances efficiently. The framework applies to a case study in Paris, incorporating realistic low-emission zone regulations and projected demand scenarios. Results show that optimal strategic configurations combining green and conventional vehicles within a two-echelon structure substantially reduce total costs and emissions. We also identify the circumstances where green transport is a more favorable alternative to conventional vans. The findings provide guidance for policymakers and logistics planners designing cost-efficient and low-carbon urban delivery systems. It can be adapted to other metropolitan areas to evaluate sustainable delivery strategies under varying regulatory and demand conditions
Microstructural transition across interlayer ultrasonic impact peened interfaces in hybrid additive manufacturing of 316L stainless steel
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VENDETA: VErsatile Neutron DETector Array, a new high-resolution neutron time-of-flight measurement array
No full textInternational audienceThe VErsatile Neutron DETector Array (VENDETA) is a high-resolution time-of-flight array for neutron detection. VENDETA’s liquid scintillator detectors offer a high intrinsic efficiency for neutron detection from 100keV to 20MeV, as well as neutron-γ discrimination capabilities down to 10keVee. VENDETA was specifically designed for versatility and is relevant for a wide range of physics measurements, from prompt fission neutron spectra measurements to neutron spectroscopy studies, such as elastic and inelastic neutron scattering measurements. VENDETA was first deployed at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center. This article will provide a detailed overview of its characteristics
La sobriété numérique comme levier d’innovation pour les entreprises : une analyse sur données d’enquête
No full textInternational audienceThis article examines whether digital sobriety practices implemented by companies could act as a barrier to innovation. As investment in digital technology and equipment is a key factor in driving innovation, it is important to understand the implications of adopting more restrained digital practices on a company's innovation capabilities. To investigate this, we draw on a survey of 2,875 companies in Brittany and Pays de la Loire. Our findings reveal that companies most committed to digital sobriety are also those that innovate the most in terms of processes and products, although the positive relationship is more significant for process innovations. Thus, implementing responsible practices, particularly in digital areas, is not an obstacle to innovation and may even help companies move toward more sustainable organizational models.Cet article s’intéresse à la question de savoir si les actions de sobriété numérique mises en œuvre par les entreprises peuvent constituer ou non un frein à l’innovation. L’investissement dans les technologies et équipements numériques étant un facteur clé de l’innovation, il est important de comprendre les implications d’une plus grande sobriété numérique sur les capacités d’innovation des entreprises. Pour cela, nous mobilisons une enquête réalisée auprès de 2875 entreprises en Bretagne et Pays de la Loire. Nos résultats montrent que les entreprises les plus engagées dans des démarches de sobriété numérique sont aussi celles qui innovent le plus en procédé et en produit, même si la relation positive est plus significative pour les innovations de procédé. La mise en œuvre de pratiques responsables, notamment en matière de numérique, n’est donc pas un obstacle à l’innovation et peut même permettre aux entreprises d’aller vers des organisations plus durables. CODES JEL : L2, O3
Relationship between scalar and electromagnetic beam shape coefficients for fields with a propagating factor of exp ( ± i β z ) : Linear and circular polarizations
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Motor complications and postural abnormalities interplay in Parkinson's disease
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Postural abnormalities (PA) and motor complications (MCs, including motor fluctuations - MFs- and levodopa-induced dyskinesia - LIDs) are hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) progression, yet their relationship remains poorly understood.Objective: To investigate the association between PA and MCs, motor symptoms, and non-motor symptoms (NMS) in patients with PD, and to assess whether PA influences the development of MCs over time.Methods: Data of the prospective NS-Park cohort (27 French PD Expert Centers) were analysed. PA was defined by a score ≥2 on item 3.13 of the MDS-UPDRS-III. Associations between PA and MCs, as well as with other motor symptoms and NMS, were assessed using logistic regression models. We used interval censoring survival models to assess the associations between PA at inclusion and the incidence of MCs. Analyses were adjusted for sex, age, disease duration, dopaminergic dose, and disease severity.Results: Among 13,037 included PD patients (58.7 % male, median age at diagnosis 61 years), 724 (5.6 %) presented with PA. Patients with PA had longer disease duration, higher disease severity, and higher dopaminergic treatment. PA exhibited a higher prevalence of troublesome MFs (OR: 5.96; 95 % CI: 4.25-8.32) and LIDs (OR: 2.81; 95 % CI: 1.79-4.30), while associations with milder MCs were inconsistent. However, PA was not significantly associated with the development of MCs during follow-up.Conclusions: PA are associated with more frequent severe MCs, and a higher burden of motor and NMS, making patient care particularly challenging
Influence of flame topology and Mach number on flame-shock interaction in a semi-closed channel
No full textInternational audienceThe interaction between a laminar flame and a shock is examined in a numerical set-up based on a centimetric shock tube. A mixture of hydrogen and air at an equivalence ratio of 0.8 is first ignited at the end of the tube which leads to the development of a glove finger or a tulip flame towards which a shock is then sent. Realistic mechanisms for the chemistry are employed along with an accurate description of the diffusion including the Soret effect. Gravitational effects are also taken into account. The wall temperature is fixed at 300 K, which may seem a very stringent condition, but is better justified than the adiabatic condition because the very short interaction time limits the heat transfer with the wall. The impact of the description of the geometry (1D, 2D, and 3D) on the apparition of a transition to detonation is studied for two values of the incident shock Mach number. Depending on this Mach number, two different types of DDT are observed: one related to shock focusing occurring close to the axis of symmetry of the tube and a second type occurring in the vicinity of the reactive boundary layer. Finally, it has been shown that a small degree of asymmetry of the flame prior to its interaction with the shock can promote DDT, whereas excessive asymmetry tends to inhibit it