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A cluster randomised control trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the Italian Medicines Use Review (I-MUR) for asthma patients
No full textBackground
The economic burden of asthma, which relates to the degree of control, is €5 billion annually in Italy. Pharmacists could help improve asthma control, reducing this burden.
Objective To evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of Medicines Use Reviews provided by community pharmacists in asthma.
Methods
Design, setting and participants Cluster randomised, multi-centre, controlled trial in adult patients with asthma, conducted in 15 of the 20 regions of Italy between September 2014 and July 2015. After stratification by region, community pharmacists were randomly allocated to group A (trained in and delivered the intervention at baseline) or B (training and delivery three months later), using computerised random number generation in blocks of 10. Each recruited up to five patients, with both groups followed for nine months.
Intervention Systematic, structured face-to-face consultation with a pharmacist, covering asthma symptoms, medicines used, attitude towards medicines and adherence, recording pharmacist-identified pharmaceutical care issues (PCIs).
Primary outcome Asthma control, assessed using the Asthma-Control-Test (ACT) score (ACT?20 represents good control). Secondary outcomes Number of active ingredients, adherence, number of PCIs, cost-effectiveness compared with usual care.
Blinding was not possible for either pharmacists or patients. Assessment of outcomes was conducted by researchers blind to group allocation.
Results Numbers of pharmacists and patients enrolled were 283 (A=136; B=147) and 1263 (A=600; B=663), numbers completing were 201 (A=97; B=104) and 816 (A=400; B=416), respectively. Patients were similar in age and gender and 56.13% (458/816) had poor/partial asthma control. Median ACT score at baseline differed between groups (A=19, B=18; p<0.01). Odds ratio for improved asthma control was 1.76 (95% CI 1.33 to 2.33) and number needed to treat 10 (95% CI 6 to 28). Number of active ingredients reduced by 7.9% post-intervention (p<0.01). Adherence improved by 35.4% three months post-intervention and 40.0% at six months (p<0.01). Pharmacists identified 1256 PCIs (mean 1.54/patient), mostly need for education, monitoring and potentially ineffective therapy. The probability of the intervention being more cost-effective than usual care was 100% at nine months.
Conclusions This community pharmacist-based intervention demonstrated both effectiveness and cost-effectiveness. It has since been implemented as the first community pharmacy cognitive service in Italy.
TRN: ISRCTN72438848 (registered 5th January 2015
Species identification by conservation practitioners using online images - data
No full textEmerging technologies have led to an increase in species observations being recorded via digital images. Such visual records are easily shared, and are often uploaded to online communities when help is required to identify or validate species. Although this is common practice, little is known about the accuracy of species identification from such images. Using online images of newts that are native and non-native to the UK, this study asked holders of great crested newt (Triturus cristatus) licences (issued by UK authorities to permit surveying for this species) to sort these images into groups, and to assign species names to those groups. All of these experts identified the native species, but agreement among these participants was low, with some being cautious in committing to definitive identifications. Individuals’ accuracy was also independent of both their experience and self-assessed ability. Furthermore, mean accuracy was not uniform across species (69–96%). These findings demonstrate the difficulty of accurate identification of newts from a single image, and that expert judgements are variable, even within the same knowledgeable community. We suggest that identification decisions should be made on multiple images and verified by more than one expert, which could improve the reliability of species data
Past deforestation (2000-2018) and future deforestation probability (2019-2053) for Wallacea
Full text linkPrimary forest and deforestation in Wallacea, Indonesia, used to calibrate the deforestation model presented in Voigt et al 2021 (https://kar.kent.ac.uk/89330/) and projected deforestation probability in 5-year intervals from 2019-2053
GCHQ Gendered narratives Project Case 2 (of 2)
No full textThese datasets were prepared as part of a research project lead by Dr Harmonie Toros, titled “Gendered Narrative Analysis of Violent Extremism in the United Kingdom”, funded by GCHQ’s Research Fellowship in National Resilience scheme. The project uses two case studies – the controversy surrounding the return to the UK of Shamima Begum from Iraq/Syria and the attack on two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand – to investigate the gendered narratives regarding violent extremism in both mainstream and non-mainstream (extremist) online communities. This dataset refers to case 2
Analog vs Next-Generation Digital Fronthaul: How to Minimize Optical Bandwidth Utilization dataset
No full textIn this paper we investigate two promising approaches to reduce the optical bandwidth utilization in the mobile fronthaul of next-generation cloud radio access networks. We analyze and compare the performance of an analog radio-over-fiber and a new digital fronthaul in a chromatic dispersion-limited scenario. The former uses several analog channels, generated by up- and down-converting of baseband signals, and the latter utilizes simple OOK NRZ for the transmission to the remote radio head. Both principles are applied to a custom millimeter-wave system, consisting of several analog channels with baseband bandwidths as expected for 5G. The performance of both concepts at transmission rates of up to 100 Gb/s and 100 km of fiber is evaluated. We will show that both approaches are suitable for transmission distances typical for fronthaul and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, an optimized bandwidth concept for the analog radio-over-fiber system is presented, which enables transmission distances on the scale of metro networks
GCHQ Gendered narratives Project Case 1 (of 2)
No full textThese datasets were prepared as part of a research project lead by Dr Harmonie Toros, titled “Gendered Narrative Analysis of Violent Extremism in the United Kingdom”, funded by GCHQ’s Research Fellowship in National Resilience scheme. The project uses two case studies – the controversy surrounding the return to the UK of Shamima Begum from Iraq/Syria and the attack on two mosques in Christchurch, New Zealand – to investigate the gendered narratives regarding violent extremism in both mainstream and non-mainstream (extremist) online communities. This dataset refers to case 1
Q sort data for PaN-20-08-211
No full textThis is the Q sort data People and Nature submission (PaN-20-08-211) "Exploring Shared Public Perspectives on Biodiversity Attributes".
This is an Excel spreadsheet, and each worksheet is a separate analysis.
These are the values from the Q sort (as per Fig.2) for each of the four different sorts: Vertebrates, Invertebrates, Trees, Understorey.
Rows represent participants and columns are the image number within that taxon group (Vertebrates, Trees & Understorey n=32, Invertebrates n=43)
Switched ethernet fronthaul architecture for cloud-radio access networks dataset
No full textA fronthaul design for current and future mobile networks based on the transport of sampled radio signals from/to base station baseband processing units to/from remote radio heads (RRHs) is presented. The design is a pure-Ethernet switched architecture that uses virtual local area network identifiers for the RRHs and flow identifiers for the antenna ports and is compatible with current standardization definitions. A comprehensive analysis for the limits of the Ethernet fronthaul in terms of the total number of antennas that can be supported is carried out, based on the latency imposed by the Ethernet network. The analysis assumes the transportation of control and management and timing information [based on the precision-time protocol (PTP)] but is valid for other types of background traffic (for example, that generated by the implementation of different Long-Term Evolution functional subdivisions in a fronthaul with mixed processing). A low-cost test bed using "smart small factor pluggable" in-line probes is presented and used to obtain measurements from an Ethernet fronthaul, transporting mixed traffic. The measurements show how background traffic affects hybrid-automatic repeat request retransmissions and are used to validate the analysis. The effects of contention of PTP packets are discussed, and a simple solution to overcome the effects of contention is proposed
Experimental Investigation of New Fronthaul Concepts for 5G dataset
No full textThe evolution to a centralized radio access network (C-RAN), where multiple base band units (BBU) are co-located to jointly serve multiple remote radio heads (RRH), results in a more efficient use of radio resources [1]. Nevertheless, it also imposes more stringent requirements on the transport network connecting the BBU pool to the RRHs, also known as fronthaul. Especially the increasing demand for higher data rates in the fronthaul challenges current solutions based on protocols like the widespread common public radio interface (CPRI).
In this paper, we investigate two promising approaches to reduce the optical bandwidth utilization in the mobile fronthaul of next-generation cloud radio access networks. We experimentally analyze and compare the performance of an analog radio-over-fiber fronthaul and a new digital fronthaul. The analog system consists of four ?/4-shift DQPSK modulated sub-channels with a data rate of 2.5 Gbit/s each and originates from a custom millimeter-wave system. The digital fronthaul approach utilizes On-Off-Keying (OOK) and is based on 10 Gigabit Ethernet
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