Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau

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    Das Info-Magazin der BAW

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    Fokusthema: Quo vadis Eider? Bund und Land suchen nach Zukunftsperspektive

    Drop Structures across (and under) the United States of America

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    Across (and under) the United States of America are many examples of vortex-flow intakes to drop structures comprising drop shafts to deep tunnels used to collect and store volumes of stormwater or combined sewer overflows (CSOs) in urban areas. From such storage tunnels, the CSO water is typically stored until the storm event (responsible for creating greatly increased flowrates) has subsided. This water is then pumped to wastewater treatment facilities, where the flows are treated before being released into nearby natural water bodies (rivers, lakes and marine coasts). Although the number of examples of this type of infrastructure is increasing, especially in the past few decades, the brief examples given here for the cities of Milwaukee, Boston, St. Louis, and Indianapolis are representative of projects that feature drop shafts feeding water to large, conveyance and storage tunnels underlying many cities across the United States

    Editorial

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    Hong Kong Island West Drainage Tunnel for Urban Flood Management

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    Over the past decades, rapid urbanization and global climate change has resulted in a significant increase in flood risks in the urban areas of Hong Kong. In the early 2000s, the Drainage Services Department proposed an innovative “Upstream Interception” scheme, namely The Hong Kong West Drainage Tunnel (HKWDT) to improve the flood protection standard for the western areas around northern Hong Kong Island. The engineering challenge was how to effectively intercept and transfer the supercritical (high speed) flow from the steep, natural watercourses located in the densely populated Mid-Levels district to the drainage tunnel located about 100 m below ground. The challenge was overcome by the development of a compact bottom rack and vortex-intake system to stably decelerate the supercritical approach flow, with efficient energy dissipation, for smooth conveyance of flow from a high elevation to the deep, drainage tunnel and discharge to the sea. Through a combination of theory, heuristic design, and physical model tests, both spiral shaped and tangential vortex intakes have been designed. Since the commissioning of HKWDT in 2012, with its vortex-flow intake system, the HKWDT has successfully protected the downhill urban areas of Hong Kong Island from flooding

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