Repositorio Digital Universidad Simón Bolívar
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Information and Communication Technologies as mediators of public policies for the reduction of poverty in two Colombian-Venezuelan border municipalities
No full textEl artículo muestra el análisis del papel de las tecnologías de información y comunicación
(tic) como mediadoras de políticas públicas dirigidas a la reducción de la pobreza en los
municipios Bolívar y Villa del Rosario de la frontera colombo-venezolana; al seguir la
metodología cuantitativa se halló su influencia comunicacional al proveer información,
acortando la brecha digital e incitando el empoderamiento.The article shows an analysis of the role of the Information and Communication
Technologies (ict) as mediators of public policies aimed at reducing poverty in the
Bolivar and Villa del Rosario municipalities of the Colombian-Venezuelan border. When
following the quantitative methodology, its communicational influence when providing
information was discovered, bridging the digital gap and encouraging empowerment
Classical Least Squares-Assisted Mid-Infrared (MIR) Laser Spectroscopy Detection of High Explosives on Fabrics
No full textMid-infrared (MIR) laser spectroscopy was used to detect the presence of residues of high explosives (HEs) on fabrics. The
discrimination of the vibrational signals of HEs from a highly MIR-absorbing substrate was achieved by a simple and fast
spectral evaluation without preparation of standards using the classical least squares (CLS) algorithm. Classical least
squares focuses on minimizing the differences between the spectral features of the actual spectra acquired using MIR
spectroscopy and the spectral features of calculated spectra modeled from linear combinations of the spectra of neat
components: HEs, fabrics, and bias. Samples in several combinations of cotton fabrics/HEs were used to validate the
methodology. Several experiments were performed focusing on binary, ternary, and quaternary mixtures of TNT, RDX,
PETN, and fabrics. The parameters obtained from linear combinations of the calculated spectra were used to perform
discrimination analyses and to determine the sensitivity and selectivity of HEs with respect to the substrates and to each
other. However, discrimination analysis was not necessary to achieve successful detection of HEs on cotton fabric substrates.
The RDX signals (mRDX>0.02 mg) on cotton were used to calculate the limit of detection (LOD). The signalto-
noise ratios (S/N) calculated from the spectra of cotton dosed with decreasing masses of RDX until S/N&3 resulted in
a LOD of 15–33 mg, depending on the vibrational band used. Linear fits generated by comparing the mass dosed RDX with
the fraction predicted were also used to calculate the LOD based on the uncertainty of the blank and the slope. This
procedure resulted in a LOD of 58 mg. Probably the most representative value of the method LOD was calculated using an
interpolation of a threshold determined using the predicted average value for the blank plus 3.28 times the standard
deviations (p-value threshold) for low surface dosages of RDX (LOD¼40 mg). The contribution demonstrates that to
achieve HE detection on fabrics using the proposed algorithm, i.e., determining the presence/absence of HEs on the
substrates, the library must contain the spectra of HEs, substrates, and potential interferents or that these spectra be
added to the models in the field. If the model does not contain the spectra of the fabric components, there is a high
probability of finding false positives for clean samples (no HEs) and a low probability for failed detection in samples with
HEs. More work will be required to demonstrate that these new approaches to HE detection work on real-world samples
and when contaminating materials are present in the samples
Planificación y gestión energética durante la fabricación de baterías
No full textThe aim of this study is to improve energy performance at a battery factory in Colombia by introducing
the energy management approach defined in ISO 50001. In the study, the main energy consumptions were identified
in the battery formation, the compressed air system and the large electric motors. An energy review was performed
in the factory using measurement equipment and statistical techniques. Different actions were proposed to improve
energy performance. As a result, a 3.48% reduction in electricity consumption was achieved during the implementation
of the proposed measures.El objetivo de este estudio es mejorar el rendimiento energético en una fábrica de baterías en Colombia
mediante la introducción del enfoque de gestión energética definido en ISO 50001. En el estudio, los principales
consumos de energía se identificaron en la formación de la batería, el sistema de aire comprimido y la gran red
eléctrica motores. Se realizó una revisión energética en la fábrica utilizando equipos de medición y técnicas
estadísticas. Se propusieron diferentes acciones para mejorar el rendimiento energético. Como resultado, se logró
una reducción del 3,48% en el consumo de electricidad durante la implementación de las medidas propuestas
The role of green it in the non-functional software development requirements: Perspectives for functional design
No full textMany of the research carried out on green information technology or green
technologies has focused on reducing the environmental effect, on the design, development and
use of increasingly eco-efficient electronic devices, in terms of the machine, that is, the hardware;
but this trend has changed in recent years, due to the concern to cover all fronts in which green
information technology is part; what has allowed to generate studies and investigations in another
aspect, as it is the software. Some authors have addressed the issue, however, models,
descriptions or implementations in the area of software are still in short supply, whose main
rationale is eco-efficiency, that is, environmental strategies to reduce the impact of a product or
service by increasing the efficiency of resource utilization. The research emphasizes the
formulation of a guide based on the principles promulgated in green information technology as
a non-functional requirement in the analysis and design of software and incorporating this guide
in the software engineering projects of the systems engineering program of the Universidad
Francisco de Paula Santander, Seccional Ocaña, through the content of the green information
technology elective course and as an academic unit of the software engineering course
Therapeutic challenges and functions of support networks in cancer intervention schemes
No full textEste artículo se fundamenta en el método analítico interpretativo
que, desde una revisión documental, que pretende
describir los principales impactos terapéuticos en pacientes
con cáncer, las implicaciones psicológicas de las redes de
apoyo durante sus diferentes etapas y su posible incidencia
en la calidad de vida. Se empleó la base de datos SCOPUS
y REDALYC como herramientas, en la que se consideraron
publicaciones entre los años 2015-2018, siendo los criterios
de búsqueda los conceptos “impacto terapéutico en cáncer”,
“cáncer y redes de apoyo” y “familia y cáncer”. Los estudios
analizados evidencian tendencias a focalizar las intervenciones
en la fase de diagnóstico, el tratamiento o la cirugía y
se encuentra que existe una muestra muy mínima de documentos
que intervienen en fases de supervivencia, malestar
derivado, o la intervención con énfasis en el impacto a las
redes de apoyo. Como conclusiones se priorizan intervenciones
psicológicas orientadas a la disminución de los síntomas,
favoreciendo así el proceso de afrontamiento de la
enfermedad, en donde el papel de las redes de apoyo interviene
directamente en la calidad de vida de los pacientes.This article is based on the interpretative analytical method
that, from a documentary review, which aims to describe the
main therapeutic impacts in patients diagnosed with cancer,
the psychological implications of support networks during
their different stages and their possible impact on quality of
life. The SCOPUS and REDALYC database were used as
tools, in which publications between the years 2015-2018
were considered, the search criteria being the concepts
“therapeutic impact on cancer”, “cancer and support networks”
and “family and Cancer”. The studies analyzed show
tendencies to focus interventions in the diagnosis, treatment
or surgery phase, and it is found that there is minimal sample
of documents that intervene in survival phases, derived discomfort,
or intervention with emphasis on the impact on Support
networks. As conclusions, psychological interventions
aimed at reducing symptoms are prioritized, thus favoring the
disease coping process, where the role of support networks
directly intervenes in the patients’ quality of life
An introduction to artificial intelligence applications in medicine: Historical aspects
No full textEn un sentido amplio la inteligencia artificial y el aprendizaje automático se ha aplicado a los datos médicos desde los inicios de la informática dado el profundo arraigo de esta área en la innovación, pero los últimos años han sido testigo de una
generación cada vez mayor de datos relacionados con las ciencias de la salud, cuestión que ha dado nacimiento a un nuevo campo de las ciencias de la computación llamado big data. Los datos médicos a gran escala (en forma
de bases de datos estructuradas y no estructuradas) si son apropiadamente adquiridos e interpretados pueden generar grandes beneficios al reducir los costos y los tiempos del servicio de salud, pero también podrían servir para predecir epidemias, mejorar los esquemas terapéuticos, asesorar a médicos en lugares remotos y mejorar la calidad de vida. Los algoritmos de deep learning son especialmente útiles para manejar esta gran cantidad de datos complejos, poco documentados y generalmente no estructurados; todo esto debido a que el deep learning puede irrumpir al crear modelos que descubren de forma automática las características principales, así como las que mejor predicen el comportamiento de otras variables dentro de una gran cantidad de datos complejos. En el futuro,
la relación hombre-máquina en biomedicina será más estrecha; mientras que la máquina se encargará de tareas de extracción, limpieza y búsquedas de correlaciones, el médico se concentraría en interpretar estas correlaciones
y buscar nuevos tratamientos que mejoren la atención y en última instancia la calidad de vida del paciente.In a broad sense, artificial intelligence and machine learning have been applied to medical data since the beginning of computing given the deep roots of this area in innovation, but recent years have witnessed an increasing generation of data related to health sciences, an issue that has given birth to a new field of computer
science called big data. Large-scale medical data (in the form of structured and unstructured databases) if properly acquired and interpreted can generate great benefits by reducing costs and times of health service, but could also serve to predict epidemics, improve therapeutic schemes, advise doctors in remote places and improve the quality of life. The deep learning algorithms are especially useful
to deal with this large amount of complex, poorly documented and generally unstructured data, all this because deep learning can break when creating models that automatically discover the predictive characteristics of a large amount of complex data. In the future, the human-machine relationship in the medical evaluation will be narrower and complex; while the machine would be responsible
for extraction, cleaning and assisted searches, the physician will be concentrate on both, data interpretation and the best treatment option, improving the patient´s attention and ultimately, quality of life
Teacher competences and transformations in education in the digital age
No full textSe analizan aspectos relacionados con las competencias digitales en docentes en el escenario de educación superior en Barranquilla, Colombia. Se realizó una investigación con un enfoque mixto, que aplicando herramientas cuantitativas y cualitativas con el apoyo de un instrumento tipo Likert abordó el tema con una muestra dirigida (intencionada) de 20 docentes. Se revisó la literatura para identificar los modelos institucionales más acogidos para la incorporación de las tecnologías de la información y comunicaciones en los ambientes académicos y se contrastó con los resultados obtenidos. Los resultados evidencian una alta autopercepción (superior al 80%) por parte del profesorado encuestado frente a la presencia de competencias digitales en los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Entre estas, destacaron la capacitación e información, aplicación de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación y la gestión de entornos de aprendizaje. Se
concluye que se debe promover en los docentes mayor compromiso con la renovación del conocimiento y la información, así como la estimular la creación de contenido digital que fomente las competencias en el alumnado.Aspects related to digital competencies in teachers in the higher education scenario in Barranquilla, Colombia, are analyzed. A research was carried out with a mixed approach, applying quantitative and qualitative tools with the support of a Likert type instrument and addressing the topic with a targeted (intentional) sample of 20 teachers. The literature was reviewed to identify the most accepted institutional models for the incorporation of information and communication technologies in academic environments, and the results obtained were
compared. The results show a high level of self-perception (over 80%) by the teachers surveyed in view of the presence of digital competences in teaching and learning processes. Among these, training and information, the application of information and communication technologies and the management of learning environments stand out. It is concluded that it is necessary to promote in teachers greater commitment to the renewal of knowledge and information, as well as to stimulate the creation of digital content that promotes the skills in students
El precedente judicial: herramienta eficaz para jueces administrativos del Distrito de Barranquilla
No full textLos precedentes judiciales son definidos como aquellas sentencias paradigmas que sirven para resolver casos similares a posteriori, se identifica con la ratio decidendi o razón de decisión judicial. Se advierte en el caso del ordenamiento jurídico colombiano que a partir de la Constitución Política de 1991 se genera un cambio en el sistema de fuentes. Se asume como espacio de estudio a Barranquilla, lugar donde se analiza la eficacia del precedente judicial a nivel de los Jueces Administrativos en el período 2013-2017. A su vez por su calidad de Distrito especial, portuario e industrial y de gran importancia para Colombia.The judicial precedents are defined as those paradigm sentences that serve to solve similar cases a posteriori, it is identified with the ratio decidendi or reason for judicial decision. It is noted in the case of the Colombian legal system that from the Political Constitution of 1991 a change in the system of sources is generated. It is assumed as a study space in Barranquilla, where the effectiveness of the judicial precedent is analyzed at the level of the Administrative Judges in the 2013-2017 period. At the same time for its quality of special, port and industrial District and of great importance for Colombia
Psychological welfare in colombian adolescents
No full textObjetivo: Analizar el bienestar psicológico explorando las estrategias recurrentes usadas para su potenciación en adolescentes. Método: Estudio cualitativo en el que se llevaron a cabo entrevistas
semiestructuradas a 60 adolescentes colombianos.
Resultados: El análisis mostró la existencia de estrategias de interacción social, hedonistas, de control y de redefinición y proyección subjetiva positiva en los adolescentes. Se identificó capacidad del joven con altas medidas de bienestar
para la detección de aspectos susceptibles de mejora y la reestructuración de sí mismo para transformarse en torno a ello, así como la capacidad de promover la vivencia de emociones positivas para sí como una fuente de bienestar. Conclusiones: el análisis sugiere que los jóvenes con altos puntajes en bienestar acuden a estrategias de redefinición
y proyección subjetiva positiva seguido de estrategias hedonistas, en tanto los adolescentes con bajas puntuaciones utilizan estrategias hedonistas seguidas de estrategias orientadas al cambio.Objective: Analyzing psychological well-being has been called exploring the recurrent strategies in adolescents. Method: Qualitative study in which use semi-structured interviews were conducted with 60 Colombian adolescents. Results: The analysis showed the existence of strategies of social interaction, hedonistic and control in adolescents. The
capacity of the young person with high well-being measures was identified for the detection of aspects susceptible to improvement and the restructuring of himself to be transformed around it, as well as the ability to promote the experience of positive emotions for himself as a source of well-being.
Conclusions: the analysis suggests that young people with high well-being scores resort to strategies of redefinition and positive subjective projection followed by hedonistic strategies,
while adolescents with low scores use hedonistic strategies followed by strategies oriented to change
Thyroid alterations in type 2 diabetes mellitus
No full textLa diabetes mellitus es una de las enfermedades no transmisibles que causa más defunciones a nivel mundial. Cursa con alteraciones en el metabolismo de la glucosa derivadas de la baja disponibilidad de insulina o resistencia a su acción. Estudios
recientes indican que hay una relación entre la diabetes mellitus y la disfunción tiroidea, mediada por disturbios en el eje hipotálamo – hipófisis – tiroides, reducción de la actividad deiodinasa, sinergismo de rutas mitogénicas, aumento del estado inflamatorio, el estrés oxidativo y la resistencia a la insulina. La alteración más frecuente es el hipotiroidismo subclínico y se presenta con mayor frecuencia
en el sexo femenino por lo que se sugiere realizar periódicamente el perfil tiroideo a estos pacientes. Es necesario que desde la práctica clínica se tengan en cuenta
estas implicaciones para brindar un tratamiento oportuno, mejorar complicaciones derivadas como las enfermedades cardiovasculares y disminuir las cifras de morbimortalidad.Diabetes mellitus is one of the world’s leading non-communicable diseases. It
leads to alterations in glucose metabolism due to the low availability of insulin or resistance to its action. Recent studies indicate that there is a relationship between diabetes mellitus and thyroid dysfunction, mediated by disturbances in the hypothalamus - pituitary - thyroid axis, and reduced deiodinase activity, synergism
of mitogenic routes, increased inflammatory status, oxidative stress and insulin resistance. The most frequent alteration is subclinical hypothyroidism and it occurs more frequently in women, so it is suggested to periodically perform the thyroid profile to these patients. It is necessary that in clinical practice these implications are taken into account in order to provide timely treatment, improve complications such as cardiovascular disease and reduce morbidity and mortality rates