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Health Tourism Cluster: Global Context of this Model
No full textObjetivo: Identificar información actualizada y amplia sobre los
clústeres de turismo en salud, contemplando variables asociadas a estos
complejos productivos.
Metodología: Revisión bibliográfica en diversas bases de datos utilizando los
términos: Health Cluster, Health Tourism Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Health Tourism,
Medical Tourism, Health and Medical Tourism, Clúster de Turismo en Salud,
Clúster de Turismo Medico, Clúster de Turismo, Clúster de Salud, Turismo en
Salud, Turismo Médico. Se seleccionaron artículos y libros considerados como
relevantes, con información sobre el área de la salud y bienestar y sobre los
clústeres como complejos productivos a nivel mundial.
Resultado: Se seleccionaron 35 referencias relevantes, asociadas a los clústeres
de turismo médico/de salud. Y se organizaron en los capítulos Salud, Clúster,
Turismo Médico y Turismo en Salud, Clúster de Turismo en Salud, Clústeres de
Turismo en Salud alrededor del mundo, Ventajas y Desventajas, Aporte a la
sociedad y economía e Innovación.
Conclusiones: Los clústeres se perfilan cada día más como alternativa de
crecimiento en los entornos económicos, específicamente el regional, puesto que
este se mueve en zonas geográficas concéntricas, por lo que potencializar la
estrategia, apostarle a la innovación, enfocarse en una estructura adecuada,
poseer una visión futurista, y el trabajo mancomunado de los actores que
intervienen en especial la triada academia estado empresa, hacen de este tipo de
aglomeraciones una apuesta interesante que hace frente a los desafíos
económicos.Objective: To identify the updates on information about health tourism
clusters, contemplating variables associated with these productive complexes.
Methodology: Bibliographic review in various data bases using the terms: Health
Cluster, Health Tourism Cluster, Tourism Cluster, Health Tourism, Medical
Tourism, Health and medical tourism, Clúster de Turismo en Salud, Clúster de
Turismo Medico, Clúster de Turismo, Cluster de Salud, Turismo en Salud, Turismo
Medico. Articles and books considered relevant were selected, and which
contained information on the area of health and well-being and on clusters as
productive complexes worldwide.
Results: 35 relevant references were selected, associated with medical/health
tourism clusters. They were organized in the chapters Health, Cluster, Medical
Tourism and Health Tourism, Health Tourism Cluster, Health Tourism Clusters
around the world, Advantages and Disadvantages, Contribution to society and
Economy and Innovation.
Conclusions: Clusters are emerging more as an alternative for development in
economic environments, specifically the regional one, since it moves in concentric
geographical areas. Strengthen the strategy, to bet on innovation, focus on an
adequate structure, possessing a futuristic vision, and joint work of the actors that
intervene especially the trio academia-state-company, make this type of
agglomerations an interesting bet that faces economic challenges
New anisotropic diffusion operator in images filtering
No full textThe anisotropic di usion lters have become in the fundamental bases to address
the medical images noise problem. The main attributes of these lters are: the noise removal
e ectiveness and the preservation of the information belonging to the edges that delimit the
objects of an image. Due to these excellent attributes, through this article, a comparative study
is proposed between a new di usion operator and the Lorentz operator, proposed by the pioneers
of anisotropic di usion. For this, a strategy consisting of two phases is designed. In the rst,
called operator construction, the composition of functions is used to generate a new di usion
operator that meets with the conditions reported for this kind of the mathematical object. In the
second phase, denominated ltering, a synthetic cardiac images database, based on computed
tomography, is ltered using the aforementioned operators. According with the value obtained
for the peak of the signal-to-noise ratio, the new operator shows similar performance to the
Lorentz operator. The implementation of this new operator contributes to the generation of
new knowledge in digital image processing context
Association between +45T>G adiponectin polymorphism gene and type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome in a Venezuelan population [version 1; peer review: 2 approved, 1 approved with reservations]
No full textBackground: Adiponectin (ADIPOQ) is a hormone primarily synthesized
by adipocytes and encoded by the ADIPOQ gene, which exerts
anti-inflammatory, antiatheratogenic and insulin sensitizing functions. It has
been shown that its plasma concentrations are decreased in individuals
with metabolic syndrome (MS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), which
could be due to variations in the gene coding for this protein. The aim of this
study was to detect the +45 T>G polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene in
subjects with DM2 and MS in Maracaibo municipality, Zulia state,
Venezuela.
Methods: A total of 90 subjects who attended the Center for Metabolic
Endocrine Research "Dr. Félix Gómez" were enrolled for this study, 46 of
which had MS-DM2 and 44 of which were healthy control individuals.
Genomic DNA was extracted from blood samples and PCR-restriction
fragment length polymorphism analysis was carried out for the promoter
region of the ADIPOQ gene. Likewise, the +45 T> G polymorphism was
identified and correlated with MS and DM2 in the studied population.
Results: The most frequent allele in both groups was the T allele, and the
predominant genotype was homozygous T/T (79%). Genotypes with
heterozygous T/G and G/G homozygous polymorphism were more frequent in the control group than in the MS-DM2 group. Regarding the individuals
with T/G and G/G genotypes, statistically significant lower mean values
were found for fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triacylglycerides,
abdominal circumference, and for the medians of systolic and diastolic
blood pressure. Odds ratio were calculated for the presence or absence of
MS and DM2.
Conclusions: The results suggested that the presence of the G allele
exerts a protective effect on the carrier individuals, thus avoiding the
appearance of the aforementioned metabolic alterations
The spanish body image state scale: factor structure, reliability and validity in a colombian population
No full textObjective: Body image is a construct highly dependent on culture and ethnicity.
Furthermore, recent studies reveal that body image is not only a trait, but also a
momentary state subject to change in diverse situational contexts. However, cultural
influences on momentary body image have not been sufficiently investigated. To assess
the influence of Latin American culture on momentary body image and to enable its
comparison to Western countries, the Spanish translation of an existing state body
image scale such as the Body Image States Scale (BISS) is needed. In addition, the
factor structure, reliability and general validity of the Spanish BISS (S-BISS) should be
evaluated prior to its application in diverse situational contexts.
Method: We conducted a cross-sectional study evaluating 1137 individuals between
the ages of 18 and 28 years from Barranquilla, Colombia, South America. The
original BISS, which assesses body satisfaction, was translated from English
to Spanish. Factorial structure, scale score reliability and convergent/divergent
validity were assessed.
Results: Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses revealed that a one-factor
model with correlated items best described the factorial structure present in the
BISS questionnaire. The coefficient of scale score reliability was a = 0.92 (McDonalds
& = 0.93), with similar results for men and women. Significant differences between
males and females were found with lesser body satisfaction in females (W = 163260,
p = 0.016). Lower S-BISS scores indicating less body satisfaction were associated
with higher BMI (r = −0.287, p < 0.001) and obtained in participants who were
currently on a diet (t1135 = −3.98, p < 0.001). The S-BISS was negatively correlated
with a trait body image measurement assessing body dissatisfaction (Body Shape
Questionnaire, r = −0.577, p < 0.001) and a psychopathology questionnaire (Brief
Symptom Inventory 53, r = −0.331, p < 0.001). Conclusion: The S-BISS is a valid and reliable instrument to assess body image in
the Colombian population, and exhibits similar psychometric properties to those of the
original version. Future studies should examine whether the S-BISS captures change in
state body image when applied in diverse situational contexts
Aportes de la democracia deliberativa en el contexto del postconflicto colombiano
No full textLos acuerdos de La Habana firmados por el gobierno de Juan Manuel Santo y las FARC-EP en el
2016, significaron un paso importante para el logro de una paz estable y duradera en Colombia, a pesar del revés
electoral ocasionado por la victoria del no, en el plebiscito que tenía como propósito legitimar el contenido
concreto del acuerdo en la opinión pública nacional. En este sentido, esta investigación tiene por objetivo
explorar los aportes que la democracia deliberativa, como constructo teórico-político, puede hacer en aras de
la configuración del modelo de sociedad que emerge paulatinamente del postconflicto, si es que, claro está, no
se desmantelan desde las estructuras de poder formales o fácticas, los logros y acuerdos alcanzados hasta el
momento con un efecto inusitado para el resurgimiento del conflicto armado. Metodológicamente, la investigación
se sustenta en la observación documental. Se concluye que solo en una dinámica sostenida de diálogo
respetuoso entre concepciones políticas e ideológicas diferentes, se puede construir una situación de paz, que
no solo signifique la finalización definitiva del conflicto armado, sino, también, un estado de bienestar social
que dignifique la vida en general al tiempo que construya una mejor realidad para todos.The Havana agreements signed by the government of Juan Manuel Santo and the FARC-EP in 2016,
meant an important step towards achieving a stable and lasting peace in Colombia, despite the electoral
setback caused by the victory of the “NO”, in the plebiscite whose purpose was to legitimize the specific
content of the agreement in national public opinion. In this sense, this research aims to explore the contributions
that the deliberative democracy, as a theoretical-political construct, can make for the configuration of
the society model that gradually emerges from the post-conflict, if, of course, they’re not dismantled from the
formal or factual power structures the achievements and agreements reached so far with an unusual effect for
the resurgence of the armed conflict. Methodologically, the research is based on documentary observation.
It is concluded that only in a sustained dynamic of respectful dialogue between different political and ideological
conceptions, can a peace situation be built, which not only means the final end of the armed conflict,
but also a state of social well-being that dignifies life in general while building a better reality for everyone
Pilot study of metabolic syndrome prevalence in students of the university institution Colegio Mayor de Antioquia en Medellín y la Universidad de Santander, Cúcuta, Colombia
No full textAntecedentes: El síndrome metabólico (SM) es una condición
que predispone al individuo al desarrollo de enfermedades
cardiovasculares, diabetes mellitus tipo 2 y sus
complicaciones. Debido a que su prevalencia se encuentra
en aumento, se ha convertido en un problema de salud
mundial que debe manejarse desde la prevención temprana
y la promoción de hábitos saludables.
Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de SM en un grupo
de jóvenes universitarios de la Institución Universitaria Colegio
Mayor de Antioquia y la Universidad de Santander.
Diseño y método: la investigación es de tipo descriptivo
y transversal con una muestra conformada por 80 estudiantes
(16 hombres y 64 mujeres), entre los 17 y 32 años,
aparentemente sanos. Utilizando la definición de la IDF
para el SM, se midieron variables como circunferencia de
cintura (CC), presión arterial sistólica y diastólica (PS, PD),
glucosa en ayunas (GA), colesterol HDL (HDLc) y triglicéridos
(TG). Para el análisis estadístico, la comparación entre
grupos se realizó con la medida no paramétrica prueba
U de Mann-Whitney, con un nivel de significaticancia
p<0,005 y mediante el uso del programa estadístico SPSS
versión 24.
Resultados: se encontró una prevalencia de SM de 5 %,
y en el análisis individual de sus componentes o factores
de riesgo asociados se evidenció una mayor prevalencia
para CC y GA elevada (38,89% en cada una), seguida de
la disminución del HDLc (27,78%).
Conclusiones: estos hallazgos concuerdan con estudios
previos donde se estima que el SM está presente en adultos
jóvenes de acuerdo con criterios de la IDF. A partir de
esto se recomienda adoptar medidas institucionales que
promuevan la actividad física y la alimentación saludable.Antecedents: Metabolic syndrome (Metsyn) is a condition
that predisposes an individual to the development
of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus and its
complications. Because its prevalence is increasing, it has
become a global health problem that must be managed
from early prevention and promotion of healthy habits.
Objective: this study determined the prevalence of (Metsyn)
in a group of young university students from the University
Institution Colegio Mayor de Antioquia y la Universidad
de Santander.
Design and method: the research is descriptive and
cross-sectional with a sample of 80 students (16 men and
64 women), between the ages of 17 and 32, apparently
healthy. Using the IDF definition for Metsyn, variables such
as waist circumference (WC), systolic and diastolic blood
pressure (SP, DP), fasting glucose (FG), HDL cholesterol
(HDLc) and triglycerides (TG) were measured. For statistical
analysis, comparison between groups was performed
with the non-parametric measure Mann- Whitney U test,
significant level p<0.005 and the statistics program used
was SPSS see 24.
Results: MetSyn prevalence was found to be 5%, and
individual analysis of its components or associated risk
factors showed a higher prevalence for high WC and
FG (38.89% in each), followed by the decrease of HDLc
(27.78%).
Conclusions: These findings are consistent with previous
studies where MetSyn is estimated to be present in young
adults according to IDF criteria. Based on this, it is recommended
to adopt institutional measures that promote
physical activity and healthy eating
Social Innovation in the Non-Profit Organization Framework: A Review
No full textThis article reviews the literature related to the concepts of social innovation and non-profit
organizations, applying a bibliometric analysis to the last five years of publications in the Scopus
platform andWeb of Science. The results suggest that these concepts complement rather than exclude
each other, as social innovation can add to the social value of this type of organization. The social
commitment of non-profit organizations and its relevance to integrating an innovative approach in
their management is also discussed as a way to confront social problems through innovation and
promote more participation and development in the social sector
Sampling plan for the study of obesity, overweight and biopsychosocial variables in children and adolescents in school age from Cúcuta, Colombia
No full textLa investigación en las ciencias sociales, de la salud o del
comportamiento, cuyo objeto de estudio es el hombre, obliga
a enfrentarse a escenarios en los que, muchas veces, no
está definida la población objetivo. Es bastante común en
estas áreas del quehacer científico, que investigadores se
topen con situaciones en las que deban recurrir a esquemas
complejos de muestreo, incorporando elementos del muestreo
aleatorio simple, estratificado y por conglomerados. La
presente revisión tiene por objetivo servir como guía en este
sentido, construyéndose sobre la base de un estudio real y
en desarrollo, enfocado en analizar la posible relación entre
el sobrepeso, la obesidad y variables biopsicosociales en niños
y adolescentes escolarizados de Cúcuta, Colombia. Se
ha intentado profundizar en el detalle del plan, examinando
cuestiones fundamentales como las etapas utilizadas, los criterios
de estratificación y conglomeración, el tamaño de la
muestra de estudiantes, el número de unidades primarias y
secundarias escogidas y la validación de la muestra mediante
una comparación descriptiva. El elemento matemático se
menciona solo de manera referencial, haciendo hincapié en
el uso de programas como SPSS, para el diseño del plan, extracción
de la muestra y obtención de estimaciones básicas;
y G-Power, para el cálculo del tamaño de la muestra considerando
aspectos como el nivel de significación, potencia,
tamaño de efecto a detectar, grados de libertad, entre otros.Research in social, health or behavioral sciences, whose object
of study is man, requires facing circumstances in which
the target population is often not defined. It is quite common
in these areas of scientific work, that researchers bumping
into situations in which they must resort to complex sampling
schemes, incorporating elements of simple, stratified
and cluster random sampling. This review aims to serve as
a guide in this regard, building on the basis of a real and
developing study, focused on analyzing the possible relationship
between overweight, obesity and biopsychosocial variables
in children and adolescents in school age from Cúcuta,
Colombia. The plan has been explained in detail, examining
fundamental issues such as the specific stages, the stratification
and clustering criteria, the sample size of students,
the number of primary and secondary sampling units needed,
and the validation of the sample through a descriptive comparison.
The mathematical element is mentioned only in a
referential manner, with emphasis on the use of programs
such as SPSS (for the design of the plan, sample extraction
and basic estimation) and G-Power (for the calculation of the
sample size according to the significance level, power, effect
size, degrees of freedom, among others)
Políticas públicas de protección de la mujer y derechos humanos en Colombia
No full textLa presente publicación analiza la Democracia y Derechos Humanos desde el mundo de vida y la cotidianidad de los sujetos sociales, líderes, funcionarios, operadores de justicia, como actores históricos activos en los procesos de transformación social y democrática y las propias vivencias experimentadas por la investigadora.
El objetivo de este trabajo se centró en describir las políticas públicas de protección a la mujer bajo el enfoque de los derechos humanos en la democracia de Colombia. La investigación está enmarcada en la Ciencia Política, sustentada por los aportes de Sartori (2008), Bobbio (1996), Cansino (2008) y Ortegón, (2008), entre otros. En relación a la violencia de Género se consideraron los planteamientos de Aponte (2015), siguiendo la línea de investigación Políticas Públicas, ciudadanía y derechos humanos de la Universidad del Zulia (LUZ)
Smart operator for the human liver automatic segmentation, present in medical images
No full textThe segmentation of the human body organ called liver is a highly challenging problem due to the noise, artifacts and the low contrast exhibited by the anatomical structures located around the liver and that are present in digital images, generated by any modality of medical images. The main modalities are: ultrasound, nuclear emission, magnetic resonance and the gold standard called multi-slice computed tomography. In this paper, with the objective of to address this problem, we consider multi-slice computed tomography images and we propose an automatic strategy based on two phases. In the first phase, a digital filtering bank is used for diminishing the noise effect and the artifacts impact in the quality of images. In the second phase, called liver detection, we use a smart operator based on least squares support vector machines for generating both the morphology and the volume of liver. The application of this strategy allows generating the morphology of the liver in a precise and efficient manner as it was demonstrated by the metrics used to assess its performance. These results are very important in clinical-surgical processes where both the shape and volume of liver are vital for monitoring some liver diseases that can affect the normal liver physiology