Repositorio Digital Universidad Simón Bolívar
Not a member yet
489 research outputs found
Sort by
Macroeconomic analysis of the countries of the Pacific Alliance (2011-2015)
No full textLa Alianza del Pacífico, surge en la Declaración de Lima el 6 de junio de 2012, cuando se suscribe
el Acuerdo Marco de la misma, para lograr una integración económico-comercial de los cuatro países
integrantes (Chile, Colombia, México y Perú) y poder así, penetrar en el mercado asiático ofreciendo
productos más competitivos. El propósito de este trabajo es analizar la situación macroeconómica de los
países pertenecientes a la Alianza del Pacífico durante el periodo 2011-2015 y así describir la importancia
que ésta posee como organismo de integración multilateral desde su creación. El enfoque investigativo
de este trabajo es descriptivo pues se fundamentó en el análisis de las fuentes documentales para explicar
la evolución de los indicadores macroeconómicos de los países que la componen mediante una revisión
bibliográfica de fuentes secundarias. Entre las variables analizadas se encuentran: la población, la tasa de
crecimiento económico, la inflación, la tasa de desempleo, salario mínimo, finanzas públicas, exportaciones e
importaciones. Con esta investigación no sólo se analiza el bloque económico, sino que permite proyectar el
futuro de la Alianza del Pacífico y conocer el papel o rol que cada país asume dentro del bloque.The Pacific Alliance, arises in the Declaration of Lima on June 6, 2012, when the Framework Agreement
of the same is signed, to achieve an economic-commercial integration of the four member countries (Chile,
Colombia, Mexico and Peru) and To be able to penetrate the Asian market by offering more competitive
products. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the macroeconomic situation of the countries belonging to
the Pacific Alliance during the period 2011-2015 and thus describe the importance that it has as a multilateral
integration organization since its inception. The investigative approach of this work is descriptive because
it was based on the analysis of the documentary sources to explain the evolution of the macroeconomic
indicators of the countries that compose it through a bibliographic review of secondary sources. Among
the variables analyzed are: the population, the rate of economic growth, inflation, the unemployment rate,
minimum wage, public finances, exports and imports. This research not only analyzes the economic bloc,
but also allows us to project the future of the Pacific Alliance and know the role or role that each country
assumes within the bloc
Acute Effect of Exogenous Melatonin on Cognitive Functions in Young Adults Consuming Alcohol
No full textLa melatonina es una neurohormona asociada con los ciclos del sueño y como barredor de radicales libres. Recientemente, se ha demostrado que es eficaz para proteger el hipocampo en condiciones de estrés oxidativo, reduciendo el daño celular y promoviendo mejores ejecuciones en las pruebas de memoria. En este estudio, se evaluó si el consumo diario de 10 mg de melatonina podría tener efectos favorables sobre la memoria y el pensamiento abstracto en adultos jóvenes que consumían alcohol. Los participantes fueron evaluados con las pruebas de Memory span y con la prueba de tarjetas de Wisconsin. Los resultados mostraron que el consumo exógeno de melatonina se asoció con una mejora significativa en funciones cognitivas, aun en condiciones de consumo regular de alcohol.Melatonin is a neurohormone associated with sleep cycles and free radical scavenger. Recently, it has been shown to be effective in protecting the hippocampus under stress conditions, reducing cell damage and promoting better executions in memory tests. In this study, it was tested whether the daily consumption of 10 mg of melatonin could have favorable effects on memory and abstract thinking in adults who consumed alcohol. The participants were evaluated with the "Memory Span" and Wisconsin cards test, The results showed that exogenous melatonin consumption was associated with a significant improvement in cognitive functions, even when alcohol is consumed regularl
Implementation of clinical practice guidelines for the timely detection and diagnosis of eating disorders in adolescents and adults in the outpatient and priority department of a public psychiatric hospital in Colombia
No full textObjetivo: Implementar una guía de práctica clínica para la detección oportuna y el diagnóstico
de los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria en adolescentes y adultos en los servicios
de consulta prioritaria y consulta externa de un hospital mental público de Barranquilla,
Colombia. Se identificaron barreras para el acceso a la guía implementada.
Métodos: Para identificar guías de práctica clínica basadas en la evidencia que implementar,
se hicieron búsquedas sistemáticas en bases de datos internacionales de organismos desarrolladores
o compiladores de guías de práctica clínica y en bases de datos que recogieran
literatura científica sobre temas relacionados con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria.
Conclusiones: Las dos guías para realizar la selección final por consenso de un equipo multidisciplinario
del hospital fueron: «Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists
clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of eating disorders» y «Guía de práctica clínica sobre
trastornos de la conducta alimentaria de Catalunya», que finalmente fue la elegida por
consenso. No existe aún para los profesionales de la salud una guía de práctica clínica
implementada en el servicio de consulta externa y prioritaria de los hospitales colombianos
para los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria.Objective: To implement clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for the timely detection and
diagnosis of eating disorders in adolescents and adults in the priority outpatient department
of a public psychiatric hospital in Barranquilla, Colombia. Barriers to access to the
implemented guidelines were identified.
Methods: For the identification of evidence-based CPGs to be implemented, systematic searches
were carried out in international databases of development agencies or compilers of
clinical practice guidelines, and in databases that contained scientific literature on issues
related to eating disorders.
Conclusions: The two guidelines shortlisted for the final selection by consensus of a multidisciplinary
team at the hospital were the “Royal Australian and New Zealand College of
Psychiatrists clinical practice guidelines for the treatment of eating disorders” and the “Guía
de práctica clínica sobre trastornos de la conducta alimentaria de Catalunya”, the latter being finally
chosen by consensus. There are not yet CPGs implemented for health professionals in
the priority outpatient department of Colombian hospitals for eating disorders
Caracterização de um grupo de comitês de ética em pesquisa na Colômbia
No full textEn las últimas décadas, los ensayos clínicos controlados patrocinados por la industria farmacéutica han aumentado de manera considerable,
lo cual ha llevado a que sea necesario un mayor control y acompañamiento por parte de las entidades reguladoras, y de los
comités de ética, para garantizar el adecuado cumplimiento de las normas éticas establecidas y de las buenas prácticas clínicas en general. En Colombia, el Instituto Nacional de Vigilancia de Medicamentos y Alimentos (Invima), la entidad reguladora en el país,
reglamenta y vigila el funcionamiento de la investigación clínica con medicamentos. En el 2008, esta entidad emitió la Resolución
2378, normatividad bajo la cual se establecen y regulan los diferentes actores de la investigación en Colombia, incluidos los comités
de ética. Después de varios años de vigencia de esta norma, es necesario conocer si los comités de ética en investigación en Colombia
funcionan de acuerdo con esta normativa, y determinar el estado de la implementación de lo solicitado en la regulación. Con este
objetivo se diseñó una encuesta para ser respondida en forma voluntaria y se obtuvo respuesta de 25 de los 69 comités certificados
en Colombia. El análisis fue posible en 22 de ellos cuya información estaba completa. En comparación con estudios anteriores, se
observaron cambios favorables en el desarrollo y la organización de acuerdo con la norma actual propuesta.In the last decades, controlled clinical trials sponsored by the pharmaceutical industry have increased considerably. This has led to
the need for greater control and assistance by regulators and ethics committees to ensure appropriate compliance with established
ethical standards and good clinical practices in general. In Colombia, the National Food and Drug Surveillance Institute (INVIMA),
the regulator in the country, controls and monitors the operation of clinical research with drugs. In 2008, this entity issued Resolution
2378, which provides and regulates research actors in Colombia, including ethics committees. After being in force for several years,
it is necessary to know whether research ethics committees in Colombia operate in accordance with this regulation and to determine
the status of implementation of the requirements therein. For this purpose, a survey was designed to be voluntarily answered and
a response was obtained from 25 of the 69 certified committees in Colombia. Twenty-two of them could be analyzed because their
information was complete. Compared with previous studies, favorable changes in development and organization were observed in
accordance with the current proposed regulation.Nas últimas décadas, os ensaios clínicos controlados patrocinados pela indústria farmacêutica aumentaram consideravelmente, o
que levou à necessidade de um maior controle e acompanhamento por entidades reguladoras e comitês de ética, para garantir
o cumprimento adequado de normas éticas estabelecidas e boas práticas clínicas em geral. Na Colômbia, o Instituto Nacional
de Vigilância de Medicamentos e Alimentos (Invima, na sigla em espanhol), órgão regulador no país, regulamenta e monitora o
funcionamento da pesquisa clínica com medicamentos. Em 2008, essa entidade emitiu a Resolução 2378, que estabelece e
regulamenta os diferentes atores da pesquisa na Colômbia, incluindo os comitês de ética. Depois de vários anos de vigência dessa
norma, é necessário saber se os comitês de ética em pesquisa da Colômbia trabalham de acordo com este regulamento e determinar
o estado da implementação do que é solicitado no regulamento. Com esse objetivo, uma pesquisa foi elaborada para ser respondida
voluntariamente e uma resposta foi obtida de 25 dos 69 comitês certificados na Colômbia. A análise foi possível em 22 deles, cuja
informação estava completa. Em comparação com estudos anteriores, mudanças favoráveis no desenvolvimento e organização foram
observadas de acordo com a norma atual proposta
Asociación entre factores socioambientales y la práctica de actividad física en mujeres embarazadas: estudio de corte transversal
No full textObjective: To establish the relationship between
social and environmental determinants and the
practice of physical activity in pregnant women.
Materials and methods: Cross-section study
conducted in pregnant women with no contraindication
to physical activity; these women came
for prenatal consultation and were affiliated to two
healthcare providers in Barranquilla and Cartagena
de Indias, Colombia. Sampling was intentional.
The social and demographic characteristics were
evaluated, as well as the levels of physical activity
and the perception of socio-environmental factors,
including neighborhood infrastructure, esthetic considerations, the social environment, road connectivity,
safety and surrounding traffic conditions.
The raw Odds Ratio (OR) was estimated.
Results: Out of 228 pregnant women, 208 were included
in the analysis. 62% of the pregnant women
fail to comply with the physical activity recommendations
for maintaining their health. Some of
the socio-environmental factors associated with a
sedentary lifestyle in pregnancy are: living far away
to walk to shops and supermarkets (OR = 5.1; 95 %
CI: 2.8-9.4); poor sidewalk conditions (OR = 3.4;
95 % CI: 1.9-6.3); few people exercising around
the neighborhood (OR = 4.1; 95 % CI: 2.2-7.5); not
safe to walk during the day or evening (OR = 3.6;
95 % CI: 1.9-6.4).
Conclusion: The perception of the socio-environmental
characteristics is associated with
physical activity in pregnant women. Interventions
are needed to improve the socio-environmental
characteristics that impact the perception of the
population about these factors, in order to assess its
impact on the physical activity of pregnant women.Objetivo: establecer la asociación entre factores
socioambientales y la práctica de actividad física en
mujeres embarazadas.
Materiales y métodos: estudio de corte transversal
realizado en mujeres gestantes sin contraindicaciones
para realizar actividad física, que asistían a la
consulta prenatal, pertenecientes a dos instituciones
de salud de la ciudad de Barranquilla y otra de la
ciudad de Cartagena de Indias, Colombia. El muestreo
fue intencional. Se evaluaron las características
sociodemográficas, los niveles de actividad física y
la percepción de factores socioambientales como
infraestructura del barrio, las cualidades estéticas,
el ambiente social, la conexión entre las calles, la
seguridad y tráfico en el barrio. Se estimó la razón
de odds (OR).
Resultados: de un total de 228 mujeres gestantes se
incluyeron 208 en el análisis. El 62% de las gestantes
no cumplen las recomendaciones de actividad física
para mantener su salud. Entre los factores socioambientales
relacionados con la inactividad física de
las embarazadas están el residir a mucha distancia
de tiendas y supermercados para ir caminando
(OR = 5,1; IC 95 %: 2,8-9,4); presencia de aceras
en mal estado en las calles (OR = 3,4; IC 95 %:
1,9-6,3); pocas personas físicamente activas en el
barrio (OR = 4,1; IC 95 %: 2,2-7,5); inseguridad
en el día y en la noche para caminar (OR = 3,6; IC
95 %: 1,9-6,4).
Conclusión: la percepción de las características
socioambientales está asociada a la actividad física
de las gestantes. Se requieren intervenciones que
mejoren las características socioambientales que
afectan la percepción de estos factores en la población,
para evaluar su efecto en la actividad física
de las gestantes
Cardiovascular risk factors in workers of a food products company
No full textObjetivo: Determinar y analizar el riesgo cardiovascular
en los trabajadores de una empresa de aceite y grasas vegetales
en la ciudad de Barranquilla, asociando los principales
factores físicos y fisiológicos con las concentraciones
de lípidos en la sangre.
Materiales y métodos: Estudio de corte transversal en
200 trabajadores de una empresa que produce aceite y
grasas vegetales. Se aplicaron cuestionarios sociodemográficos
y de niveles de actividad física, adicionalmente se
realizó una evaluación antropométrica y finalmente, una
determinación de la glicemia y las concentraciones plasmáticas
de lípidos.
Resultados: de la totalidad de la población evaluada
(n=200) el 11,5% fueron mujeres y 88,5% hombres. El
59,5% de la población presentó un estado nutricional por
encima de lo recomendado, además solo el 23,5% de la
población presentaba niveles aceptables de actividad física.
Se encontró niveles más altos de VLDL en la agrupación
de sujetos con sobrepeso y obesidad en comparación
al grupo de peso normal (p=0,04).
Conclusiones: factores como el sobrepeso y la inactividad
física presentan altas prevalencia en la población de
una empresa del sector de aceites y grasas naturales. Las
concentraciones de lípidos sanguíneos estuvieron influenciadas
principalmente por el estado nutricional y en segundo
plano, por el nivel de actividad física.Objective: To determine and analyze cardiovascular risks
on the workers of a vegetable oil and fat company in the
city of Barranquilla-Colombia, by associating the main
physical and physiological factors with the concentration
of lipids in blood.
Materials and methods: A transversally- cut study was
made with a sample of 200 workers of a vegetable oil
and fat producing company. In the survey some socio-demographic
and physical activity level questionnaires were
applied. Additionally, an anthropometric evaluation was
performed, and finally, some tests for the glycemia levels
and plasma concentration on lipids were made.
Results: From the total of the evaluated sample (n=200),
a percentage of 11,5% were women and 88.5% were
men. Also, 59,5% of the population presented a nutritional
state above the recommended level, besides, only
23.5% of the population presented acceptable levels of
physical activity. Higher levels of VLDL were found on male
groups with overweight and obesity compared with the
normal weight group (p=0,04).
Conclusions: Factors such as overweight and physical inactivity
present high effects on the population of a vegetable
oil and fat company. The concentrations of lipids in
blood were mainly influenced by nutrition or feeding, and
secondly, by the level of physical activity
Perceived severity of smuggling at the border of Táchira- North of Santander: Health Psychology Approach
No full textThis study analyzed the differences in the perception of severity of smuggling between consumers and smugglers of the Colombian-Venezuelan border. A correlational-comparative design was used, and the population selected was the inhabitants of North of Santander Department, Colombia, calculating a stratified randomized sampling for 2,383 people. It was found that 6% of the sample belonged to illegal traders, being mostly men. The comparison performed by sex concluded that the level of severity perceived is greater in women, and both groups gave greater relevance to the risk of losing the economic investment front others risks of more severity. The comparison by municipalities, revealed that the capital presented lower levels of perceived severity than other territories. In addition, greater perceived severity of smuggling in young adults, heads of household, married people, traders who earned less than two Colombian minimum wages and who traded individually were identified. Finally, a positive relationship was found between the level of perceived severity and conditions such as the number of products smuggled or work income
Insulin resistance indices and coronary risk in adults from Maracaibo city, Venezuela: A cross sectional study [version 1; referees: 1 approved with reservations]
No full textBackground: Insulin resistance (IR) is a metabolic disorder related to
atherosclerosis. Its measurement is of great importance not only as a marker of
diabetes but also for cardiovascular disease. The aim of this research study
was to evaluate the relationship between various IR indices and coronary risk in
an adult population from Maracaibo city, Venezuela.
Methods: The Maracaibo City Metabolic Syndrome Prevalence Study is a
descriptive, cross-sectional study with random and multi-stage sampling. In this
sub study, 1272 individuals of both genders were selected with the
measurement of basal insulin and coronary risk according to the
Framingham-Wilson formula calibrated for our population. The insulin
resistance indices evaluated were HOMA2-IR, triglycerides and glucose index
(TyG) and triglycerides/HDL ratio (TG/HDL). The predictive capacity and
association between each index and the coronary risk event in 10 years were
determined.
Results: Of the evaluated population, 55.2% were female, 34.8% had a
coronary risk ≥5% in 10 years, with the TG/HDL and TyG indices showing the
highest AUC 0.712 (0.681-0.743) and 0.707 (0.675-0.739), respectively;
compared to HOMA2-IR. Both were also the indices most associated with
increased coronary risk, especially TG/HDL ≥3 with a higher association [OR =
2.83 (1.74-4.61); p<0.01] after multivariable adjustment.
Conclusions: TyG (≥4.5) and TG/HDL (≥3) indices showed a great predictive
capacity of higher coronary risk, with being TG/HDL more associated even after
adjusting for abdominal obesity and hs-CRP. Therefore, these represent useful
tools for determining IR
Is obesity a risk factor for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)?
No full textAlteraciones en el desarrollo de la atención
y la organización conductual pueden
configurar cuadros clínicos como
el trastorno déficit de atención (TDA) que puede estar
acompañado o no de hiperactividad (TDAH), este último
parece tener una relación directa con otros diagnósticos
de tipo endocrino como la obesidad. El objetivo del estudio
es analizar la relación que existe entre el TDAH y la
obesidad. Es por ello que se realiza una revisión sistemática
de estudios científicos revelando relaciones y diferencias
entre ambos trastornos desde una mirada fisiológica,
cognoscitiva y comportamental. Se concluye que la relación
entre el TDAH y la obesidad se da por factores genéticos,
por variaciones dopaminérgicas, cambios en patrones
de sueño, desajustes emocionales y por alteraciones en la
regulación de la conducta; igualmente influyen factores
sociales relacionados con el cuidado en el embarazo y la
alimentación de las mujeres antes y durante la gestación.Alterations in the development of attention
and behavioral organization
can configure clinical diagnoses such
as attention deficit disorder (ADD) that may not be accompanied
by hyperactivity (ADHD), the latter seems to
have a direct relationship with other endocrine diagnoses
such as the obesity. The aim of the study is to analyze the
relationship between ADHD and obesity. That is why a systematic
review of scientific studies is carried out revealing
relationships between both disorders from a physiological,
cognitive and behavioral perspective. It is concluded
that the relationship between ADHD and obesity is given
by genetic factors, by dopaminergic variations, changes in
sleep patterns, emotional imbalances and by alterations in
the regulation of behavior; likewise, social factors related
to pregnancy care and the feeding of women before and
during pregnancy influence it
Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in post-menopausal women
No full textIntroducción y Objetivos: El desarrollo del aumento de
la grasa central abdominal, de la alteración del perfil lipídico
y de la resistencia a la insulina encontrado en el
síndrome metabólico están mayormente presentes en la
menopausia. Conocer la prevalencia del SM en mujeres
postmenopáusicas en Barranquilla, permitirá desarrollar
estrategias futuras para disminuir su presencia y la de las
enfermedades cardiovasculares.
Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal, realizado en
Barranquilla, Colombia entre octubre a noviembre 2016,
en mujeres con edad laboral. El diagnóstico del SM se hizo
con al menos tres de los cinco criterios propuestos por
el consenso de la Federación Internacional de Diabetes,
del Instituto Nacional del Corazón, Pulmón y Sangre, de
la Asociación Americana del Corazón, de la Federación
Mundial del Corazón, de la Sociedad Internacional de
Aterosclerosis y de la Asociación Internacional para el Estudio
de la Obesidad.
Resultados: Se incluyeron 773 mujeres, 78,65% premenopaúsicas
(n=608) y 21,35% post- menopáusicas
(n=165). El 27,8% (n=46) de mujeres post-menopáusicas
tenían SM vs. 14,6% (n=89) de las pre-menopaúsicas, con
una diferencia estadísticamente significativa de p<0,0001
(Chi-cuadrado 15.7845).
Conclusiones: En las mujeres post-menopáusicas se manifestó
una mayor incidencia de SM cuando se compara
con las pre-menopaúsicas, por lo que se incrementa el
riesgo cardiovascular. Se sugiere que deberían ser tratadas
en forma temprana con el fin de reducir su mortalidad.Introduction and Objectives: Menopause represents a
transition in female reproductive life, which has been associated
with the development of typical characteristics
of metabolic syndrome (MetS). These include increased
abdominal central fat, impaired lipid profile and insulin
resistance. Awareness MetS and its prevalence in pre and
post-menopausal women, will be useful in developing future
strategies to reduce its presence and with-it cardiovascular
disease.
Material and methods: This was a cross-sectional study,
conducted in Barranquilla, Colombia between October
and November 2016, in women of working age. The diagnosis
of MetS was made with at least three of the five
criteria proposed by the consensus of the International Diabetes
Federation, the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute,
the American Heart Association, the World Heart
Federation, the International Society of Atherosclerosis
and the International Association for the Study of Obesity.
Results: A total of 773 women were enrolled in our study,
from which 78.65% were pre-menopausal (n=608) and
21.35% post-menopausal (n=165). The presence of MetS
was seen in 27.8% (n=46) of post-menopausal in comparison
to 14.6 % (n=89) of the pre-menopausal women,
representing a statistically significant difference (Chisquare
15.7845 p <0.0001).
Conclusions: MetS has a higher prevalence in postmenopausal
women when compared to pre-menopausal
women. As MetS is present, cardiovascular risk increases.
This population should be identified early in time in order
to screen, prevent and reduce their mortality