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Social Contracts and Contraband: A study in the Colombian Venezuelan Border
No full textLos pactos sociales y el contrabando en la frontera Norte de Santander (Colombia)-Táchira (Venezuela) son promovidos por diversos actores. Esta dinámica responde a un problema alentado por la diferencia entre los modelos económicos de ambos países, que genera asimetrías en el diferencial cambiario y costo de bienes y servicios, creando parte de la dinámica
social, cultural y económica de esta frontera. Son numerosas las familias que sostienen su economía con estos ingresos. Por ello, el artículo emprende un primer análisis de estas relaciones con la aplicación de la Regresión Categórica, mediante el Escalamiento Óptimo (CatReg) en dos muestras de 2.394 y 1.398 personas. El resultado indicó que las variables independientes más significativas en ambos contextos son las siguientes: los grupos armados al margen de la ley son parte de la dinámica fronteriza, y la percepción de un ambiente de ilegalidad y comportamiento de las personas no basado en normas convencionales.Present-day social contracts and border contraband on the Northern Santander Department (Colombia) and Táchira State (Venezuela) are promoted by various actors. A dynamic economy that responds to a
problem encouraged by the difference between the economies of both countries, generating asymmetry in the differential exchange, cost of goods and services, and forming part of the social, cultural and economic relations
in the border under study; there are many families that sustain their economy with this income. Consequently, the article analyzes these relationships from a first focus, with a Categorical Regression analysis in Optimal Scaling (CatReg) over two samples: 2,394 and 1,398 people, respectively. Results were shown in following significant independent variables with more importance in both
contexts: armed groups outside the law are part of the border dynamics and the perception of an environment of illegality, and the behavior of border people not based on conventional rules
Dyslipidemia epidemiological behaviour in patients from the Endocrine and Metabolic diseases research Institute Dr. Félix Gómez at Universidad del Zulia, Venezuela
No full textIntroducción: Las dislipidemias constituyen un factor de riesgo cardiovascular esencial en el desarrollo de la aterosclerosis. Objetivo: Estudiar las alteraciones lipídicas en individuos adultos de un centro de atención endocrino-metabólico.
Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, no experimental, y transversal. Se evaluaron 214 individuos mayores de 18 años, a los cuales se les determinó niveles séricos de colesterol total, triacilglicéridos, y HDL-c por métodos convencionales. El LDL-c y las VLDL-c se calcularon por las ecuaciones de Friedewald. Si los TAG fueron mayores a 400 mg/dL la concentración de LDL-c se determinó de forma directa. Las variables se expresaron en frecuencias absolutas y relativas, Media ± Desviación estándar, y como prueba de hipótesis la prueba t de Student según el caso, aceptándose
un valor de p<0,05 como estadísticamente significativo. Resultados: El 78% de la muestra correspondió al sexo femenino. La media aritmética de la edad fue de 50,22± 16,4 años. La prevalencia general de dislipidemias fue del 86,9% (n=214), siendo del 91,6% en las mujeres y del 70,2% en los hombres; solo el 13,0% (n=28) de los individuos fueron eulipémicos. La frecuencia de las dislipidemias observadas fue: LDL-c elevado aislado 24,7%, Hipertriacilgliceridemia aislada 18,2%, Hipertriacilgliceridemia con HDL-c Bajas 13,5%, Dislipidemia Mixta 13,5%. Conclusión: La alta prevalencia de dislipidemias en los pacientes estudiados es característica de un centro para la atención de estas patologías, observándose una prevalencia elevada de HDL-c bajas e Hipertriacilgliceridemia. Estos resultados justifican la determinación de lípidos séricos para identificar de manera temprana y oportuna este conjunto de alteraciones con la finalidad de prevenir potenciales
complicaciones cardiometabólicas.Introduction: Dyslipidemias constitute an essential cardiovascular risk factor in the development of atherosclerosis. Objective: To study the lipid alterations in adult individuals of a center of endocrine-metabolic attention. Methods: Descriptive, non-experimental, and cross-sectional study. We evaluated 214 individuals older than 18 years, who were determined serum levels of total cholesterol, triacylglycerides, and HDL-c by conventional methods. The LDL-c and the VLDL-c were calculated by the Friedewald equations. If the TAG was greater than 400 mg/dL, the LDL-c concentration was determined directly. The variables were expressed in absolute and relative frequencies, mean±standard deviation, and as a hypothesis test the Student t test according to the case, accepting a p<0.05 as statistically significant. Results: 78% of the sample corresponded to the female sex. The arithmetic mean of age was 50.22 ± 16.4 years. The general prevalence of dyslipidemias was 86.9% (n=214), being 91.6% in women and 70.2% in men; only 13.0% (n=28) of the individuals were eulipemic. The frequency of the dyslipidemias observed was: isolated high LDL-c 24.7%, isolated hyperthercylglyceridemia 18.2%, hyperthercylglyceridemia with low HDL-c 13.5%, mixed dyslipidemia 13.5%. Conclusion: The high prevalence of dyslipidemias in the studied patients is characteristic of a center for the attention of these pathologies, being observed a high prevalence of low HDL-c and Hypertriacilgliceridemia. These results justify the determination of serum lipids to identify early and timely this set of alterations before potential cardiometabolic complications
Corruption and contraband across Norte of Santander Department (Colombia) and Táchira State (Venezuela) international border
No full textToda frontera representa para los Estados, un beneficio y un problema. La frontera oriental colombiana
y occidental venezolana está afectada por corrupción y contrabando intensivo. El propósito de esta investigación
es analizar las percepciones de los habitantes fronterizos del estado Táchira (Venezuela) y Norte
de Santander (Colombia) sobre la conexión entre corrupción y contrabando. El estudio responde a un análisis
cuantitativo estadístico de regresión categórica con escalamiento óptimo, con encuestas semiestructuradas
aplicadas a dos muestras de tamaño independiente: n = 2.394 (Norte de Santander) y n = 1.398 (Táchira). Los
resultados evidencian cómo los altos índices de contrabando provienen de la cooperación entre funcionarios
y contrabandistas y permiten concluir, a través de variables explicativas, como en un primer modelo (Norte de Santander) predomina la percepción de la presencia de grupos irregulares como una dinámica fronteriza y
la convicción de unas relaciones de cooperación entre funcionarios de seguridad del Estado y comerciantes.
En el segundo modelo (Táchira), las percepciones evidencian la existencia de una excesiva burocracia de
los órganos de seguridad del Estado para controlar las mercancías de contrabando lo cual incrementa considerablemente
la corrupción con sobornos y relaciones de cooperación entre los agentes de seguridad y los
contrabandistas.International borders are, for the country´s government, an advantage and a problem as well. The
eastern Colombian and western Venezuelan border is affected by corruption and intensive smuggling. This
research analyzes the perceptions of the border citizens in Táchira State (Venezuela) and Norte de Santander
(Colombia) about connections between corruption and contraband. This study responds to a methodological
and quantitative statistical analysis of categorical regression with optimal scaling, basically with semi-structured
surveys applied to two samples of independent size: n = 2.394 (Norte de Santander) and n = 1.398 (Táchira).
The results showed how the high rates of smuggle come from the collaboration between government
agents and smugglers, which allows to conclude through explanatory variables how in this first model (Norte
de Santander) the perception of the presence of irregular groups predominates as a border dynamic and the
conviction of cooperative relations between state security officers and common merchants. In the second
model (Tachira State) the perceptions shows up the existence of an excessive bureaucracy of the state security
organs to control merchandise and smuggling which helps to increase considerably the corruption with
bribes and the cooperative relationships between securities agents and smugglers
Levels of copper and zinc in different stages of breast milk and the influence of the nutritional state of nursing mothers
No full textLa leche humana materna tiene una composición única
para proporcionar a los recién nacidos todos los nutrientes
esenciales como proteínas, grasas, hidratos de carbono,
minerales, vitaminas y otras substancias fisiológicamente
activas, con el fin de suplir en cantidad y calidad las necesidades
calóricas y nutricionales del lactante. El objetivo
fue establecer las concentraciones totales de cobre y zinc
en la leche materna en sus distintas etapas: calostro, de
transición y madura, determinadas espectrométricamente
y la influencia del estado nutricional de madres lactantes;
estudio descriptivo transversal en madres entre 18 y 35
años, sanas y no fumadoras; los resultados evidencian
una disminución en las concentraciones de cobre y zinc
a medida que la lactancia va evolucionando, además, el
promedio de índice de masa corporal de las madres en
período de lactancia reflejaron sobrepeso. Concluimos
que el contenido calórico de los oligoelementos de la leche
materna es esencial para el crecimiento de los niños por los
beneficios nutricionales e inmunológicos que proporciona,
por lo que es importante que la madre se encuentre en un
estado nutricional adecuado que permita suministrar los
requerimientos adecuados al niño para su crecimiento y
desarrollo.Human milk has a unique composition and provides
newborns with all essential nutrients such as proteins, fats,
carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and other physiologically
active substances, in order to supply in quantity and quality
the caloric and nutritional needs of the infant. The objective
of this study was to establish the total concentration
of copper and zinc in breast milk in its different stages:
colostrum, transitional and mature milk, determined spectrometrically
and the influence of the nutritional status of
nursing mothers. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional
study in healthy non-smoking mothers between 18 and 35
years of age. Lower concentrations of copper and zinc as
lactation progressed were observed. The average of body
mass index of nursing mothers reflected overweight. We
concludes that the caloric content of the trace elements of
breast milk is essential for the growth of children because of
the nutritional and immunological benefits that it provides,
so it is important that the mother has an adequate nutritional
state that allows to supply the adequate requirements for
the child to grow and develop
Some tastings in Morales-Ramis theory
No full textIn this paper we present a short material concerning to some results in Morales-Ramis theory, which relates two different notions of integrability: Integrability of Hamiltonian systems through Liouville Arnold theorem and integrability of linear differential equations through differential Galois theory. As contribution, we obtain the abelian differential Galois group of the
variational equation related to a bi-parametric Hamiltonian system
Association of physical activity with quality of life in patients with chronic kidney disease
No full textBackground: Physical activity may improve quality of life in patients
with chronic kidney disease. Aim: To assess the relationship between physical
activity and quality of life in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease. Material
and Methods: The Kidney Disease Quality of Life-36 (KDQOL-36) and the
International Physical Activity questionnaire were answered by 130 patients
with chronic kidney disease (74 women, 80 receiving renal substitution therapy).
Sociodemographic variables were recorded. Results: Patients on renal substitution
therapy with a time lapse since diagnosis of 0 to 6 months had higher levels of
physical activity than those with longer time lapses (51.4 ± 12.5 and 34.6 ± 8.1
minutes respectively). Disease burden scores were lower among patients with renal
substitution therapy. There was a direct correlation between levels of vigorous
and moderate physical activity and the physical functioning dimension in the
quality of life questionnaire for patients with more than 19 months of disease.
The dimension general physical health was significantly associated with physical
activity in women and patients with 7 to 18 months of diagnosis. The dimension
disease burden was associated with physical activity in women, patients
not receiving substitution therapy and those with 7 to 18 months of diagnosis.
Conclusions: Moderate and vigorous physical activity is directly related to the
dimensions physical functioning, the general perception of physical health and
inversely related with the dimension burden of disease
Pedagogical Strategies in Teaching and Learning Processes in Higher Education including Information and Communication Technologies
No full textEl objetivo del presente artículo es analizar cómo se han transformado las estrategias pedagógicas en la educación superior con la inserción de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TICs) en los últimos años. Mediante un enfoque cualitativo y una revisión documental exhaustiva se realizó un detallado análisis de publicaciones desde el año 2000 en adelante. Los hallazgos sugieren que en los últimos años se ha visto un importante avance de la tecnología en todos los aspectos cotidianos. Adicionalmente, se evidenciaron aportes significativos que muestran como en Colombia y otros países, los escenarios educativos han cambiado sustancialmente gracias a las tecnologías que hoy día se aplican para apoyar el proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje. Las conclusiones se orientan a que la difusión de estrategias pedagógicas en procesos de enseñanza-aprendizaje mediados por las TIC, fortalece significativamente la labor docente.The objective of this article is to analyze how pedagogical strategies in higher education have been transformed by the inclusion of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in recent years. By means of a qualitative approach and an exhaustive documentary review, a detailed analysis of publications since the year 2000 was carried out. The findings and analyses suggest that in recent years there has been an important advance of technology in all aspects of daily life. Additionally, significant contributions were found that show how in Colombia and other countries, the educational scenarios have changed substantially thanks to the technologies that are nowadays applied to support teaching and learning processes. The main conclusion is that the dissemination of pedagogical strategies in teaching-learning processes using ICTs significantly strengthens the teaching work
La comunicación corporativa y su influencia a través de la publicidad digital. Un estudio en productos de la línea cosmética y cuidado corporal en el departamento de Boyacá (Colombia)
No full textLos avances tecnológicos del siglo XXI han transcendido y modificado
las formas de comunicación corporativa en la actualidad, hecho que conlleva al
desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías y medios de comunicación incursionando en
la publicidad digital; lo que representa nuevas oportunidades para compartir
información de manera especializada e interactiva, a fin de llegar mejor a sus clientes.
Lo anterior motiva a analizar la comunicación corporativa y su influencia a través
de la publicidad digital a partir de un estudio en productos de la línea cosmética y
cuidado corporal en el departamento de Boyacá (Colombia). Como resultado, la
publicidad digital como herramienta de comunicación externa, direcciona a nuevas
tendencias y tecnologías que representan nuevos medios, formatos y conceptos
aplicados en la comunicación a nivel corporativo. Se apoya en soportes interactivos
mediante formatos digitales que evolucionan día a día para tener mayor aceptación,
impacto y éxito en el uso y la comunicación.The technological advances of the 21st century have transcended and
modified the forms of corporate communication nowadays, a fact that leads to
the development of new technologies and means of communication venturing
into digital advertising; which represents new opportunities to share information
in a specialized and interactive way in order to better reach their customers. The
foregoing motivates the analysis of corporate communication and its influence
through digital advertising on products of the cosmetic line and body care in the
department of Boyacá (Colombia). As a result, digital advertising as a tool for
external communication, addresses new trends and technologies that represent
new media, formats and concepts applied to corporate communication at the institutional level. It is supported by interactive media through digital formats that
evolve day by day to have greater acceptance, impact and success in the use and
communication
Second Generation Antipsychotics (SGAs) in Schizophrenic Patients and Bipolar Disorder: Correlation With Metabolic Syndrome (NCEP ATP III(a))
No full textIntroduction: The Metabolic Syndrome is a set of diverse clinical situations such as diabetes mellitus,
hypertension and dyslipidemia. Patients with mental illnesses such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder have a
higher mortality than the general population attributable in 60% to somatic diseases and metabolic syndrome,
where second generation antipsychotics increase the risk of weight gain and insulin resistance. Objectives.
Correlate the treatment with second generation antipsychotics (SGAs) as a possible predictor for Metabolic
Syndrome according to the NCEP ATP III (a) classification.
Methods: Descriptive, cross-sectional correlational study. The sample was of 92 patients, applying an open and
convenience sampling due to the mental state of the patients in order to determine their degree of acceptance to the
study (Informed Assent) and consent to the legal guardian as the main inclusion criterion. For the analysis, the
following variables were considered: blood pressure, weight, height, abdominal circumference, serum levels of
triglycerides, glucose and high density lipoproteins. The SPSS 20.0 ® program was used logistic regression
analysis with a p-value <0.05 and a confidence level of 95%.
Results: SGAs most used was clozapine (54.3%). The correlation analysis showed that sociodemographic aspects
such as personal history, habits, physical activity and paraclinical and anthropometric records correlated with the
possible diagnosis of metabolic syndrome (p <0.05), but not with SGAs (p> 0.05). ).
Conclusion: No correlation was found between the presence of the metabolic syndrome and the type of
antipsychotic treatment
Efficacy of a lipolytic cream in an overweight and obesity treatment
No full textObjetivo. Evaluar la eficacia coadyuvante de una combinación
de ingredientes cosméticos en forma de crema lipolítica
con dieta hipocalórica y actividad física comparada con dieta
hipocalórica y actividad física para el tratamiento del sobrepeso
y la obesidad en pacientes.
Material y métodos. Se realizó un estudio monocéntrico,
abierto y aleatorizado de grupos paralelos de 102 pacientes
que consultaron a un centro de nutrición médico-clínico para
el tratamiento del sobrepeso y la obesidad. Los perímetros
de altura, brazo, cintura, cadera y muslo y el análisis de la
composición corporal segmentaria con un equipo de impedancia
se estudiaron en pacientes de 18 a 99 años de ambos
sexos con asistencia voluntaria y con presencia de sobrepeso
u obesidad durante un período de 16 semanas consecutivas.
Los datos se analizaron estadísticamente comparando
los valores iniciales y finales de todos los valores en ambos
grupos. La seguridad fue monitoreada por la incidencia de
eventos adversos. Un valor de p<0,001 fue considerado
como de significación estadística.
Resultados. Del total de 102 pacientes, se aplicaron los criterios
de inclusión y exclusión; se incluyeron y analizaron 45
y 47 casos, respectivamente. La edad oscila entre 39,16 y
42,09 años (p = 0,246); el peso inicial 85,9 kg vs 85,08 kg
(p = 0,810); perímetros: cintura inicial de 100,4 cm frente a
99,7 cm (p = 0,826); brazo inicial de 32,9 cm vs 33,4 cm (p =
0,453); cadera inicial: 108,6cm vs 107,7 (p = 0,666). Peso final
82,6 kg vs 78,7 kg (p = 0,227); perímetros: cintura final de
94,9 cm frente a 90,9 cm (p = 0,144); brazo final de 31,8 cm
frente a 31,4 cm (p = 0,453); Cadera final: 106,7 cm vs 102,1
(p = 0,074). No hubo ningún informe de efectos secundarios
no deseados con el uso de crema lipolítica, presentando
una buena aceptabilidad. Los pacientes con crema lipolítica
como adyuvante en el tratamiento del sobrepeso u obesidad
perdieron mayor IMC, mayor porcentaje de peso y mayor
porcentaje de grasa (p<0,001).Objective. To evaluate the coadyouvant efficacy of a combination
of cosmetics ingredients in the form of a lipolytic cream
with hypocaloric diet and physical activity and compared with
hypocaloric diet and physical activity for overweight and obesity
treatment in patients.
Material and methods. It was conducted a monocentric,
open-label, randomized study of parallel groups of 102 patients
that consulted in a medical-clinical nutrition center for
overweight and obesity treatment. Height, arm, waist, hip and
thigh perimeters and the analysis of segmental body composition
with an impedance team were studied in patients
between 18 and 99 years, of both sexes with voluntary attendance
and with presence of overweight or obesity during
a period of 16 consecutive weeks. The data were statistically
analyzed by comparing the initial and final values of all the
values in both groups. Safety was monitored by the incidence
of adverse events. A value of p<0.001 was considered as statistical
significance.
Results. Of the total of 102 patients, the inclusion and exclusion
criteria were applied; 45 and 47 cases are included
and analyzed respectively. The age ranges between 39.16 vs
42.09 years (p = 0.246); initial weight 85.9 kg vs 85.08 kg (p
= 0.810); perimeters: initial waist of 100.4cm vs 99.7cm (p =
0.826); initial arm of 32.9cm vs 33.4cm (p = 0.453); initial hip:
108.6cm vs 107.7 (p = 0.666). Final weight 82.6 kg vs 78.7 kg
(p = 0.227); perimeters: final waist of 94.9 cm vs 90.9 cm (p =
0.144); final arm of 31.8 cm vs 31.4 cm (p = 0.453); final hip:
106.7 cm vs 102, 1 (p = 0.074). There was no report of unwanted
side effects with the use of lipolytic cream, presented
good acceptability. Patients with lipolytic cream as adjuvant
in the treatment of overweight or obesity lose greater BMI,
greater percentage of weight and greater percentage of fat
(p <0.001).
Conclusion. Patients with lipolytic cream as adjuvant in the
treatment of overweight or obesity lose greater BMI, greater
percentage of weight and greater percentage of fat