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Photograph of Albert Haddad, Steven Hulse, and Randy Jones in the Hooch, between 1990 and 1995
No full textTitle devised by library assistant.Produced in Iraq
Photograph of Captain Dinger, between 1990 and 1995
No full textTitle devised by library assistant.Produced in Iraq
Photograph of Alex holding the Squadron crew chief door sign, between 1990 and 1995
No full textTitle devised by library assistant.Produced in Iraq
Evaluating potential glyphosate resistant Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) biotypes in Texas
No full textJohnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) is among the most problematic weeds in Texas croplands. A Johnsongrass biotype with potential glyphosate resistance was identified in the Rolling Plains of Texas. Indoor dose-response trials were coordinated in 2022 and 2023 to verify whether glyphosate resistance is present in rhizome- and seed-propagated plants. Experiments were each arranged as randomized complete block designs with 7 to 10 replications and 7 or 8 treatment doses ranging from 0× to 50× the labeled rate applied to glyphosate-susceptible (GS) and" suspected resistant (SR) biotypes." Dose-response relationships were characterized with four-parameter logistic regression. Rhizome-propagated SR Johnsongrass was 17 times less sensitive to glyphosate with an LD50 of 4,102 g a.e. ha-1 compared to the GS biotype at 237 g a.e. ha-1. The SR biotype also exhibited less reduction of biomass due to glyphosate, with an effective dose to reduce biomass by 50% (ED50) of 1,420 g a.e. ha-1, compared to the GS biotype at 433 g a.e. ha-1. Seed-propagated SR plants were also less sensitive with an LD50 2.3 times greater than GS seedlings. Additional trials were initiated in 2023 to screen biotypes with suspected resistance from three other populations in western Texas. Rhizome-propagated plants were treated with 0×, 1×, 2.5×, and 5× the labeled rate of glyphosate with a minimum of 3 replications. All suspected resistant biotypes exhibited reduced sensitivity (P 0.01). In-field efficacy of other herbicides was assessed in the fall of 2023 and ultimate mortality was measured in the spring of 2024. ALS inhibitors nicosulfuron and sulfosulfuron provided the greatest ultimate control of Johnsongrass (control of 76.7% and 100%, respectively) in resistant GR populations. Glyphosate and glyphosate +dicamba provided complete control (100%) in the GS biotype indicating the value of glyphosate in susceptible biotypes but resulted in negligible long-term damage to the SR biotype. The findings of this work confirm reduced sensitivity and mortality due to glyphosate in multiple Johnsongrass biotypes in western Texas.
Referencing and citation styles
No full textReferencing is the act of naming a person or organization responsible for creative or intellectual work. And it provides information that allows others to locate the original source. Referencing original sources helps to avoid plagiarizing academic, creative, and other works – either in written or in multi-media formats. Various citation styles dictate how to display identifying details about the source in a reference. Original styles were developed in the late 1880s, then as technology and information formats evolved, so did citation styles. The ever-evolving technological advances and changes in fields of study lead to releasing new style editions to address new information formats and professional standards of practice
