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Análisis crítico del discurso: representaciones textuales de la guerra Israel-Gaza en la prensa española
No full textEste trabajo de fin de grado trata sobre cómo dos periódicos españoles de distinto signo han cubierto la guerra Israel-Gaza. El análisis se centra en el modelo tridimensional de análisis crítico del discurso de Fairclough, y pretende mostrar cómo los rasgos textuales, divididos en el vocabulario, la gramática y la estructura textual, representan el conflicto en cuestión. También pretende averiguar si las existe parcialidad en los resultados. El análisis muestra que los rasgos textuales contribuyen a las distintas representaciones de los actores del conflicto y sus acciones. Encima, existen diferencias notables en cuanto al contenido, especialmente en relación con el uso selectivo de información histórica. El estudio de este tema puede continuarse con un conjunto de datos más amplio, con una examinación del contexto que rodea tanto los periódicos como la España entera, y con un análisis de los significados ideológicos de los resultados de este trabajo
Kaksi vuosikymmentä suomalaisten ympäristöasenteita : kvantitatiivinen tutkimus ympäristöasenteiden muutoksesta Suomessa 2000-luvun alusta 2020-luvulle
No full textTässä pro gradu -tutkielmassa tarkastellaan suomalaisten ympäristöasenteita ja niiden ajallista muutosta vuosina 2000, 2010 ja 2020. Tutkielma pyrkii selvittämään, ovatko suomalaisten ympäristöasenteet muuttuneet kahdessa vuosikymmenessä. Lisäksi tavoitteena on tarkastella ympäristöasenteiden yhteyttä sosiodemografisiin tekijöihin ja onko näissä tekijöissä tapahtunut muutosta tarkasteltavana ajanjaksona. Tutkittavina taustamuuttujina käytetään ikää, sukupuolta, koulutusta ja henkilökohtaisia kuukausituloja. Tutkimuksen aineistona on käytetty kolmea International Social Survey Programme (ISSP) ympäristö II, III, IV-aineistoa Suomesta vuosilta 2000, 2010 ja 2020.
Ajallisen tarkastelun vuoksi tutkielmassa pohjustetaan näkökulma ympäristötietoisuuden kehitykseen ympäristösosiologisen viitekehyksen kautta. Tämän lisäksi tutkielmassa perehdytään vielä tarkemmin suomalaisten ympäristötietoisuuden kehitykseen vaikuttaneisiin tekijöihin ja yhteiskunnalliseen keskusteluun. Tutkielma kytkeytyy osaksi perinteistä ympäristösosiologian asennetutkimusta ja ISSP ympäristö -aineistojen ajallisesti vertailevaa tutkimusta. Ympäristöasenteisiin pureudutaan arvo- ja asenneteorian kautta, ajatellen että yksilön ympäristöasenteissa heijastuvat taustalla ympäristöarvot. Asenteiden vaihteluun voivat vaikuttaa esimerkiksi kriisit, tiedon lisääntyminen sekä ympäristökasvatus. Tutkielmassa erotetaan ympäristöasenteiden tarkastelussa tarkemmin ympäristöhuoli ja halukkuus toimia ympäristön eteen (willingness to pay) omiksi käsitteikseen, mahdollistaen käsitteiden välisten eroavuuksien tarkastelun. Ympäristöhuolen mittarina käytetään viidestä väittämästä luotua summamuuttujaa, ja halukkuuden toimia ympäristön eteen mittarina on neljästä väittämästä muodostettu summamuuttuja.
Tutkimuksen päätutkimusmenetelmänä on lineaarinen regressioanalyysi. Tämän lisäksi aineistoa tarkastellaan aikasarja-analyysin avulla sekä syvennetään regressioanalyysiä tarkastelemalla muuttujien välisiä interaktioita. Tutkielman perusteella voidaan todeta, että suomalaisten ympäristöasenteissa on ollut tarkasteltavana ajanjaksona vaihtelua. Suomalaisten ympäristöhuoli on ollut korkeimmillaan vuonna 2000 ja matalimmillaan vuonna 2010. Vuonna 2020 ympäristöhuolta on ollut enemmän kuin vuonna 2010, mutta vähemmän kuin vuonna 2000. Halukkuutta toimia ympäristön eteen kuvaava aikasarja puolestaan osoittaa, että eniten halukkuutta toimia ympäristön eteen on ollut vuonna 2020 ja vähiten vuonna 2010. On kuitenkin huomattava, että ympäristön eteen toimisen halukkuuden vastauksissa on suurta hajontaa.
Sosiodemografisten tekijöiden yhteyden tarkastelu osoitti, että ympäristöstä huolissaan olivat todennäköisemmin nuoret, naiset sekä korkeammin koulutetut. Tulomuuttujan kohdalla ajallinen muutos sekä käsitteiden välinen yhteys ilmeni paremmin interaktion tarkastelussa. Vuosina 2010 ja 2020 korkeammat tulot ennustivat suurempaa ympäristöhuolta, kun taas vuoden 2000 aineistossa korkeammat tulot ennustivat vähäisempää ympäristöhuolta. Tosin korkeampien tulojen kohdalla hajonta oli suurta. Tutkittaessa halukkuutta toimia ympäristön eteen, olivat havainnot samankaltaisia kuin ympäristöhuolen kohdalla, mutta yhteydet olivat heikompia. Tutkimuksessa tuli esille, että nuoret, alle 25-vuotiaat, naiset sekä korkeammin koulutetut olivat halukkaampia toimimaan ympäristön eteen. Lisäksi suuremmat henkilökohtaiset kuukausitulot ennustivat vuonna 2020 suurempaa halukkuutta toimia ympäristön eteen
Effectiveness of workplace choice architecture modification for healthy eating and daily physical activity
No full textBackgroundModifying the choice architecture of behavioural contexts can facilitate health behaviour change, but existing evidence builds mostly on small-scale interventions limited in duration, targets, strategies, and settings. We evaluated the effectiveness of a one-year hybrid type 2 implementation-effectiveness trial aimed at promoting healthy eating and daily physical activity with subtle modifications to the choice architecture of heterogeneous worksites. The intervention was contextualised to and integrated into the routine operations of each worksite. Effectiveness was evaluated in a quasi-experimental pre-post design.MethodsIntervention sites (n = 21) implemented a median of two (range 1–9) intervention strategies for healthy eating and one (range 1–5) for physical activity. Questionnaires pre (n = 1126) and post (n = 943) intervention surveyed employees’ behavioural patterns at work (food consumption: vegetables/roots, fruit/berries, nuts/almonds/seeds, sweet treats, fast food, water; physical activity: restorative movement, exercise equipment use, stair use). The post-intervention questionnaire also measured employees’ perception of and response to three intervention strategies: a packed lunch recipe campaign, a fruit crew-strategy, and movement prompts. Multi- and single-level regression models evaluated effectiveness, treating intervention as a continuous predictor formed of the site-specific dose (n intervention strategies employed) and mean quality (three-point rating per strategy halfway and at the end of the intervention) of implementation relevant to each outcome.ResultsMultinomial logistic regression models found the intervention significantly associated with a favourable change in employees’ fruit and berry consumption (interaction effect of time and implementation p = 0.006) and with an unfavourable change in sweet treat consumption (p = 0.048). The evidence was strongest for the finding concerning fruit/berry consumption—an outcome that sites with greater dose and quality of implementation targeted by using strategies that reduced the physical effort required to have fruit/berries at work and by covering multiple eating-related contexts at the worksite. The quality of implementation was positively associated with the perception of (p = 0.044) and response to (p = 0.017) the packed lunch recipes, and with response to the fruit crew-strategy (p ConclusionsThe results suggest that a contextualised, multicomponent choice architecture intervention can positively influence eating behaviour in diverse real-world settings over a one-year period, and that higher implementation quality can enhance intervention perception and response. However, outcomes may depend on the type of intervention strategies used and the extent of their delivery.</p
Multi-isotopic evidence reveals the emergence of a cosmopolitan community at the Luistari cemetery in Eura, Finland, during the early Medieval period (600–1130 CE)
No full textThis study examines the role of the Eura region as a nexus linking the inland with Baltic Sea trade routes. Luistari cemetery, spanning from the early Merovingian to Medieval periods, provides key insights into SouthWestern Finland's socioeconomic structure and communication networks. Despite its significance, this burial community's chronological dynamics and regional role remain poorly understood. Using multi-isotopic evidence contextualised with archaeological data, this research explores mobility and subsistence patterns among Luistari's population. By delineating the bioavailable strontium range in the Eura region, the study assesses the local burial community's mobility dynamics across various chronological phases. Identification of long-and short-distance migrants, discerned through strontium and carbon isotopes in conjunction with archaeological context, enhances understanding of Luistari within the regional and Circum-Baltic framework. Multi-isotopic evidence further aids in grasping local development within environmental and climatic contexts. Analysis of the strontium isotopic data patterns, combined with carbon and nitrogen, sheds light on settlement locations and subsistence strategies of the Luistari population. Notable transformations during the Viking I period (800-880 CE), marked by the establishment of a "founding" community, and shifts in dietary and migratory patterns in periods V II-III (880-1000 CE), indicate stabilisation of the local socioeconomic conditions. Period V IV (1000-1070 CE) reveals connections, both maritime and continental, as the local community integrates into long-distance communication networks. The Final Period (1070-1130 CE) then shows only limited signs of mobility. The data suggest varied mobility patterns over the long-term development of the local community coupled with visibly changing subsistence strategies.</p
Room Temperature Dehydrogenation of Gaseous Methanol over Polycrystalline Gold Triggered and Traced by Oxygen K-edge X-rays
No full textThe room temperature conversion of gaseous methanol to carbon monoxide and hydrogen on a polycrystalline Au film at ambient pressure has been triggered and characterized by oxygen K-edge excitation and vibrationally resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering. The rate-limiting first methanol dehydrogenation step is driven by ultrafast O–H dissociation and deprotonation of O K-edge excited CH3OH. The Au surface further dehydrogenates the CH3O+ photoradical created by X-rays via electron transfer from the Au surface. With vibrationally resolved resonant inelastic X-ray scattering, we trace the CO molecular potential energy surface along the C–O coordinate. The CO bond softens, and the C–O stretch frequency changes from 2250 to 2065 cm–1 at a CO chemisorption energy of 38–58 kJ/mol. This constitutes weak chemisorption as compared to the transition metals but also stronger bonding than the physisorbed CO species on single-crystal Au surfaces. In liquid methanol, the recombination of the CH3O+ photoradical created by X-rays with protons quenches this conversion.</p
What's new in the pediatric spine?
No full textIntroduction: The field of pediatric spine surgery has encountered major changes and evolutions lately, with new treatment options available and the development of enabling technologies. This article aims to summarize the most relevant recent literature.Materials and methods: The five most relevant topics were selected and assigned to one or two authors who performed a comprehensive Pubmed database search for articles published in the last 4 years (2021-2024). Only studies with a high level of evidence or clinical relevance were reported.Results: Thirty-nine articles were selected and analyzed, covering the following subjects: treatment options in tweeners, the impact of new medical treatments in pediatric spine practice, the emergence of new surgical techniques, the development of enabling technologies in scoliosis surgery, and recent relevant randomized controlled trials.Discussion: Many new surgical concepts and techniques have been developed lately, but their results need to be further assessed on specific subgroups of patients. Numerous significant medical improvements have been reported in the last 5 years, affecting positively the management of syndromic and neuromuscular patients.</p
Conscious and unconscious perception of pitch shifts in auditory feedback during vocalization: Behavioral functions and event-related potential correlates
No full textDuring vocalization, mismatches between expected and perceived auditory feedback are processed rapidly and automatically, suggesting that feedback control of vocalization operates unconsciously. However, whether consciousness modulates speech feedback control remains little studied. To address this question, we concurrently measured behavioral vocal responses and electroencephalography (EEG) in 30 participants while they vocalized and their auditory feedback was perturbed with individually calibrated perceptual threshold level pitch shifts. Following each vocalization trial, participants rated if they consciously detected a pitch shift in their auditory feedback. We analyzed the data on a trial-by-trial basis to test if vocal responses to pitch perturbations were modulated by conscious perception. Our results revealed that even on trials where the participants reported not noticing the pitch shift at all, a compensatory vocal response to the altered auditory feedback was generated. Conscious detection of a pitch shift was associated with an increased magnitude of vocal responses roughly 500–700 ms after the pitch shift compared to the unconscious trials. Conscious detection of the pitch shift correlated with early (Auditory awareness negativity, AAN) and late (Late positivity, LP) neural responses as indexed by the modulation of event-related potentials (ERPs). Source localization of the ERPs suggested that conscious pitch shift detection was associated with increased neural activity within the temporal, frontal and parietal cortical networks known to be involved in speech motor control. These findings emphasize the importance of investigating the role of consciousness in regulating speech feedback control, and their effect on the underlying neural and behavioral functions
The genomic evolutionary dynamics and global circulation patterns of respiratory syncytial virus
No full textRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection in young children and the second leading cause of infant death worldwide. While global circulation has been extensively studied for respiratory viruses such as seasonal influenza, and more recently also in great detail for SARS-CoV-2, a lack of global multi-annual sampling of complete RSV genomes limits our understanding of RSV molecular epidemiology. Here, we capitalise on the genomic surveillance by the INFORM-RSV study and apply phylodynamic approaches to uncover how selection and neutral epidemiological processes shape RSV diversity. Using complete viral genome sequences, we show similar patterns of site-specific diversifying selection among RSVA and RSVB and recover the imprint of non-neutral epidemic processes on their genealogies. Using a phylogeographic approach, we provide evidence for air travel governing the global patterns of RSVA and RSVB spread, which results in a considerable degree of phylogenetic mixing across countries. Our findings highlight the potential of systematic global RSV genomic surveillance for transforming our understanding of global RSV spread