UTUPub
Not a member yet
55238 research outputs found
Sort by
Biologian opetus ja tiedekasvatus kestävän tulevaisuuden edistäjinä
Get PDFBiologian opetussuunnitelmissa painottuvat tiedonalalle ominaiset tiedolliset, taidolliset ja affektiiviset osaamistavoitteet. Lisäksi painotetaan laaja-alaisia oppimistavoitteita, joissa on samoja piirteitä kuin luonnontiedekasvatuksen tavoitteissa. Kuten luvussa 2 todettiin, tavoitteellinen opetus kestävyyskompe-tenssien vahvistamiseksi on koettu haasteelliseksi. Tässä luvussa tarkastellaan luonnontiedekasvatuksen visioiden huomioon ottamista biologian opetukses-sa ja opetussuunnitelmissa, affektiivisten tekijöiden merkitystä oppimisessa ja arvioinnin eettisiä näkökulmia.</p
Midlife Insulin Resistance as a Predictor for Late-Life Cognitive Function and Cerebrovascular Lesions
Get PDFBackground: Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) increases the risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) but not for AD neuropathology. The association between T2DM and AD is assumed to be mediated through vascular mechanisms. However, insulin resistance (IR), the hallmark of T2DM, has been shown to associate with AD neuropathology and cognitive decline.Objective: To evaluate if midlife IR predicts late-life cognitive performance and cerebrovascular lesions (white matter hyperintensities and total vascular burden), and whether cerebrovascular lesions and brain amyloid load are associated with cognitive functioning.Methods: This exposure-to-control follow-up study examined 60 volunteers without dementia (mean age 70.9 years) with neurocognitive testing, brain 3T-MRI and amyloid-PET imaging. The volunteers were recruited from the Finnish Health 2000 survey (n = 6062) to attend follow-up examinations in 2014-2016 according to their insulin sensitivity in 2000 and their APOE genotype. The exposure group (n = 30) had IR in 2000 and the 30 controls had normal insulin sensitivity. There were 15 APOE epsilon 4 carriers per group. Statistical analyses were performed with multivariable linear models.Results: At follow-up the IR+group performed worse on executive functions (p = 0.02) and processing speed (p = 0.007) than the IR- group. The groups did not differ in cerebrovascular lesions. No associations were found between cerebrovascular lesions and neurocognitive test scores. Brain amyloid deposition associated with slower processing speed.Conclusion: Midlife IR predicted poorer executive functions and slower processing speed, but not cerebrovascular lesions. Brain amyloid deposition was associated with slower processing speed. The association between midlife IR and late-life cognition might not be mediated through cerebrovascular lesions measured here
Opettajien välittäminen ja oppilaiden koulutyöhön kiinnittyminen yhdeksäsluokkalaisten oppilaiden kokemana
Get PDFTreatment of congenital hypothyroidism - impact of secular changes in levothyroxine initial dose on early growth
Get PDFIntroduction: Newborn screening of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) has enabled early treatment with levothyroxine (LT4), ensuring normal growth and development. The initial LT4 dose recommendation has increased over decades. We evaluated whether the increased LT4 dosing influenced thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (fT4) concentrations, growth, or treatment-related symptoms.Methods: LT4 doses, TSH, fT4, anthropometrics, and treatment-related symptoms until age two years were evaluated in 172 Finnish CH patients born between 1980 and 2018. The patients were grouped according to birth decade: 1980s (n = 19, mean LT4 starting dose 6.8 μg/kg/day), 1990s (n = 50, 7.4 μg/kg/day), 2000s (n = 59, 9.7 μg/kg/day) and 2010s (n = 44, 10.8 μg/kg/day) Results: TSH concentrations were higher during the first two years of life in children born in 1980s compared to children born later. TSH concentrations were often subnormal in children receiving higher LT4 doses (children born in 2000s and 2010s). However, symptoms of overtreatment were uncommon. Linear or head growth showed no differences between the groups during the first two years of life. Although growth was within the normal spectrum, children in all groups were shorter than their target length at two years and their weight-for-length was above the mean through the first two years of life.Discussion/Conclusion: Current treatment practice with higher LT4 dose normalizes TSH rapidly without significant increase in side effects. However, irrespective of initial LT4 dose, children were shorter than expected at 2 years of age. Effects of different initial LT4 dose on cognitive development urges further investigation.</p
Beneficial Effect of Consecutive Screening Mammography Examinations on Mortality from Breast Cancer: A Prospective Study
Get PDFBackgroundPreviously, the risk of death from breast cancer was analyzed for women participating versus those not participating in the last screening examination before breast cancer diagnosis. Consecutive attendance patterns may further refine estimates.PurposeTo estimate the effect of participation in successive mammographic screening examinations on breast cancer mortality.Materials and MethodsParticipation data for Swedish women eligible for screening mammography in nine counties from 1992 to 2016 were linked with data from registries and regional cancer centers for breast cancer diagnosis, cause, and date of death (Uppsala University ethics committee registration number: 2017/147). Incidence-based breast cancer mortality was calculated by whether the women had participated in the most recent screening examination prior to diagnosis only (intermittent participants), the penultimate screening examination only (lapsed participants), both examinations (serial participants), or neither examination (serial nonparticipants). Rates were analyzed with Poisson regression. We also analyzed incidence of breast cancers proving fatal within 10 years.ResultsData were available for a total average population of 549 091 women (average age, 58.9 years ± 6.7 [standard deviation]). The numbers of participants in the four groups were as follows: serial participants, 392 135; intermittent participants, 41 746; lapsed participants, 30 945; and serial nonparticipants, 84 265. Serial participants had a 49% lower risk of breast cancer mortality (relative risk [RR], 0.51; 95% CI: 0.48, 0.55; P P ConclusionWomen participating in the last two breast cancer screening examinations prior to breast cancer diagnosis had the largest reduction in breast cancer death. Missing either one of the last two examinations conferred a significantly higher risk.Published under a CC BY 4.0 license.</p
Bullying victimization among adolescents during the early phase of war in Ukraine : A comparative cross-sectional study in 2016-2017
Get PDFBackgroundWar profoundly impacts adolescent development and may increase the likelihood of aggressive responses when such behavior is perceived as acceptable and accessible. War may, hence, exacerbate a form of interpersonal violence already prevalent among children and adolescents.MethodsWe conducted a comparative cross-sectional study 2 years after the Russian invasion of Eastern Ukraine in 2014 by comparing the prevalence of bullying victimization among adolescents aged 11–17 years (N = 2766) in two administrative regions with different levels of wartime traumatic stressor exposure.ResultsFemale adolescents in the war-affected region were bullied more often compared to those in the non-affected region [65.3% vs. 56.3%, adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 1.5, 95% CI 1.2–1.9]. For both boys and girls, symptoms of psychopathology were associated with bullying victimization often [girls: depression (aOR = 2.9, 95% CI 2.4–3.4); boys: depression (aOR = 3.3, 95% CI 2.6–4.1) and PTSD (aOR = 1.7, 95% CI 1.4–2.02)]. In the war-affected region, a dose–response relationship between bullying victimization often and war-event exposure was observed in both sexes [girls: 1–3 war-events (aOR = 1.4, 95% CI 0.7–2.6), 4–6 (aOR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.3–4.5) and ≥7 (aOR = 5.5, 95% CI 2.7–11.1); boys: 1–3 (aOR = 1.4, 95% CI 0.7–2.8), 4–6 (aOR = 3.2, 95% CI 1.7–6.3), and ≥7 (aOR = 6.8, 95% CI 3.1–14.8)].ConclusionsWar exposure was associated with bullying victimization, with girls being bullied more often than boys. Bullying victimization was linked to cumulative traumatic stressor exposure in the war-affected region for both sexes.</p
Overcoming noise in quantum teleportation with multipartite hybrid entanglement
Get PDFQuantum entanglement and decoherence are the two counterforces of many quantum technologies and protocols. For example, while quantum teleportation is fueled by a pair of maximally entangled resource qubits, it is vulnerable to decoherence. Here, we propose an efficient quantum teleportation protocol in the presence of pure decoherence and without entangled resource qubits entering the Bell-state measurement. Instead, we use multipartite hybrid entanglement between the auxiliary qubits and their local environments within the open-quantum system context. With a hybrid-entangled initial state, it is the decoherence that allows us to achieve high fidelities. We demonstrate our protocol in an all-optical experiment
Developing writing across and in school subjects: Introduction to special issue
Get PDFWithin the sociocultural theory of writing, texts are seen to result from cultural and social practices that affect the structure, content, and production of them in different knowledge communities. Accordingly, writing is not the same across subjects or contexts. Focusing on writing in subjects other than Language arts, this special contributes to understanding subject-specific writing involving both discipline specific knowledge, knowledge of representation, and production of knowledge in different, subject specific writing contexts. The issue advocates that disciplinary writing can start at an early age in primary school, that students have a range of preparedness for it, and that writing skills can be developed to support the learning objectives of the subject. The introduction considers the perspectives of writing to learn and learning to write as the underpinnings of writing across and in subjects. Consequently, the studies in the issue are related to these perspectives. The content areas scrutinized are Craft Education, Civics, Environmental studies, Science and Science orientation. This issue reflects the multifaceted, contextual, and hybrid forms writing can take, and, how writing can support learning in changing contexts and with different contents. </p
Mathematics teachers’ career length and teaching self-efficacy
Get PDFThe influence of teachers' self-efficacy on the effectiveness of teaching is well-documented in educational research. The aim of this study was to investigate the construct of self-efficacy in mathematics teachers. The sample consisted of 222 Lithuanian pre-service teachers who were divided into four groups according to their length of teaching experience. Using a confirmatory factor analysis, the study identified different but highly correlated dimensions of teacher self-efficacy, in particular knowledge, recognition and (use of) methods. The results showed significant differences in general teacher self-efficacy and in the specific subscales according to career stage. Teachers at the beginning of their career or still in training (with less than 1 year of experience) generally reported lower levels of self-efficacy than more experienced groups; however, this difference was not statistically significant within the knowledge self-efficacy category. In addition, teachers with more than 30 years of experience reported lower levels of self-efficacy than teachers with 1-29 years of teaching experience.</p
Association of number of siblings with preclinical markers of cardiovascular disease The cardiovascular risk in Young Finns study
Get PDFTo investigate the association of number of siblings with preclinical cardiovascular disease (CVD) markers in adulthood. The sample comprised 2776 participants (54 % female) from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study who had CVD risk factor data measured in childhood in 1980 (aged 3-18 years) and markers of preclinical CVD measured in adulthood. Echocardiography was performed in 2011, and carotid intima-media thickness, carotid distensibility, brachial flow-mediated dilatation, and arterial pulse wave velocity were measured in 2001 or 2007. The association between the number of siblings and preclinical CVD was assessed using generalized linear and logistic regression models. Analyses were stratified by sex as associations differed between sexes. Women with 1 sibling had lower E/e'-ratio (4.9, [95%CI 4.8-5.0]) in echocardiography compared with those without siblings (5.1[4.9-5.2]) and those with ≥2 more siblings (5.1[5.0-5.2]) (P for trend 0.01). Men without siblings had the lowest E/A-ratio (1.4[1.3-1.5]) compared with those with 1 sibling (1.5[1.5-1.5]), or ≥2 siblings (1.5[1.5-1.5]) (P for trend 0.01). Women without siblings had highest left ventricular ejection fraction (59.2 %[58.6-59.7 %]) compared with those with 1 sibling (59.1 %[58.8-59.4 %]), or ≥2 siblings (58.4 %[58.1-58.8 %])(P for trend 0.01). In women, brachial flow-mediated dilatation, a measure of endothelial function, was the lowest among participants with ≥2 siblings (9.4 %[9.0-9.8 %]) compared with those with 1 sibling (10.0 %[9.6-10.3 %]) and those without siblings (10.4 %[9.7-11.0 %])(P for trend 0.03). We observed that number of siblings may be associated with increased risk of heart failure in women. As the associations were somewhat inconsistent in males and females, further research is warranted