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The impacts of low flow, ice-cover and ice thickness on sediment load in a sub-arctic river: Modelling sediment transport with particle image velocimetry calibration data sets
Get PDFClimate change will be pronounced in sub-arctic and arctic regions. Consequently, a shorter ice-cover period, increased precipitation and changes in the timing and magnitude of discharge are expected. These hydroclimatic changes can have an impact on sediment transport in northern rivers. Studying spatial and temporal variation of the processes in low-flow open-water and ice-covered conditions is crucial to improve the prediction of future changes. The investigation of under-ice conditions has been challenging and new approaches for their measurement are much needed. We analyse the spatial sediment transport in a meandering subarctic river during different flow conditions, i.e., low flow open-channel during autumn and ice-covered during winter. We use one-dimensional (1D) morphodynamic models with image-based sediment transportation data sets. We also simulate sediment transport with different ice thicknesses to better understand the overall bedload transport in a subarctic river in mid-winter conditions. Simulations for the studied meander bend showed a considerable flow-driven decrease of sediment transport in ice-covered conditions when compared to open-water conditions. Erosion was more pronounced in open-water conditions and deposition was the prevailing process in ice-covered conditions. When an additional increase in ice thickness was simulated, bedload increased, because the thicker ice narrowed the river channel substantially and thus leading to an increase in flow velocity and shear forces. Instead of solely relying on the sediment samples, the additional consideration of an image-based sediment data set enabled a more reliable model calibration in ice-covered conditions. This encourages further usage of image-based methods for sediment transport estimations, especially in ice-covered conditions. In the future, changes in river-ice can be expected to decrease under-ice sediment load but increase annual open-water sediment loads. The increasing summative sediment transport of small arctic and subarctic rivers can have significant consequences on the downstream waterbodies.</p
Professional patios, emotional studios : Locating social ties in European art residences
Get PDFTo foster creativity through sociality, residences put artists together. At the same time, in their quest for originality, artists often opt for individualism. Little is known on how physical collocation in residences affects artistic sociality. Addressing this gap, we draw on a combination of interviews, observations, and surveys, analysed with an innovative mixture of abductive coding, computational space analysis, and statistical network modeling. This allows us to unveil how room sharing and object usage relate to friendships and collaborations between residents. Along with explicit individualism of artists, we spot plenty of social ties between them. And these ties are positively related to joint material embeddedness. Simultaneously, the two main types of residential zones – working studios and leisure areas – appear to encourage the types of social ties inverse to our expectations. Our findings inform the practice of artistic residence organising and the proposed approach enables explanatory analysis of the relation between material space and sociality in various settings.</p
Comorbidity Burden in Severe and Nonsevere Asthma: A Nationwide Observational Study (FINASTHMA)
Get PDFBACKGROUNDAsthma, affecting more than 330 million people worldwide, is associated with a high level of morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic costs.OBJECTIVEIn this cross-sectional study, we analyzed the comorbidity burden in patients with severe asthma compared with nonsevere asthma and investigated the role of corticosteroid use on the risk of comorbidities.METHODSAll adults (≥18 y) with a diagnosis of asthma (International Classification of Diseases-10th revision code J45.x) between 2014 and 2017 were identified and data were collected until 2018 from Finnish nationwide registers. Asthma was defined as continuously or transiently severe or nonsevere based on annual dispensed inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), oral corticosteroids (OCS), and hospitalizations.RESULTSOf 193,730 adult identified patients diagnosed with asthma, 86.3% had nonsevere, 8.1% transiently severe, and 5.6% continuously severe asthma. Excess prevalence of pneumonia was observed in continuously (22%) and transiently severe (14%) compared with nonsevere patients after adjusting for age and sex. Cataract, osteoporosis, obesity, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation were also more frequent in severe asthma patients. The ICS and/or OCS use contributed to the risk of several comorbidities in a dose-dependent manner, particularly pneumonia, osteoporosis, obesity, heart failure, and atrial fibrillation. High OCS use and the presence of comorbidities were associated with increased health care resource use.CONCLUSIONSPatients with severe asthma have a high burden of comorbidities, especially pneumonia. Many of the comorbidities have a strong dose-dependent association with ICS and OCS treatment, suggesting that corticosteroid doses should be carefully evaluated in clinical practice.</p
Learning Analytics Methods and Tutorials
Get PDFThis chapter introduces multi-channel sequence analysis, a novel method that examines two or more synchronised sequences. While this approach is relatively new in social sciences, its relevance to educational research is growing as researchers gain access to diverse multimodal temporal data. Throughout this chapter, we describe multi-channel sequence analysis in detail, with an emphasis on how to detect patterns within the sequences, i.e., clusters —or trajectories— of multi-channel sequences that share similar temporal evolutions (or similar trajectories). To illustrate this method we present a step-by-step tutorial in R that analyses students’ sequences of online engagement and academic achievement, exploring their longitudinal association. We cover two approaches for clustering multi-channel sequences: one based on using distance-based algorithms, and the other employing mixture hidden Markov models inspired by recent research.</p
“Wild” languaging : A practice of embodied language learning when integrating dance in early additional language education
Get PDFA growing body of research has illustrated that embodied and arts-based approaches can holistically support additional language learning. However, more research on the implementation of such approaches is needed to impact pedagogical practices. This study explores how integrating language and dance can create possibilities for embodied language learning in early additional language education. It is based on a project that combined dance with early Swedish language learning in a Finnish primary school. The analytical focus is on animal-themed language and dance integrated activities held when the participating pupils were in second grade. The study draws theoretically on socio-material approaches to language education, which involves considering languaging an activity that engages the entire human being and relates them to other people, materials, and spaces. The data include video recordings of lessons, lesson plans, and the researcher’s embodied experiences and written reflections. An arts-based and post-qualitative research approach is used to analyse and present languaging events. The results indicate that children were activated in languaging through communicative movement exploration that involved children transforming into or becoming animals. The languaging unfolded in unpredictable or “wild” ways in activities that involved repetition, variation, and sense-making with creative movement and sound. Children’s agency in languaging was performed collectively in relation to bodies and materialities of the space in an embodied and creative activity involving peer collaboration and performing. To conclude, the study proposes “wild” languaging as a practice of embodied language learning through dance, and discusses its pedagogical potential for early additional language education.</p
Perhelähtöinen hoito synnyttäneiden osastolla vanhempien ja henkilökunnan arvioimana ennen ja jälkeen Vanhemmat Vahvasti Mukaan -koulutuksen
Get PDFTutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli arvioida synnyttäneiden vuodeosaston perhelähtöisyyden toteutumista sekä vanhempien että henkilökunnan kokemana ennen ja jälkeen Vanhemmat Vahvasti Mukaan -koulutusintervention (WM-koulutus). Tutkimus toteutettiin kvasikokeellisella ennenjälkeen-asetelmalla. Aineisto kerättiin synnyttäneiden vuodeosastolta vuosina 2016 ja 2019. Molempina mittausajankohtina vanhemmat (n=82 ja n=76) ja perheiden hoitoon osallistuva henkilökunta (n=54 ja n=56) arvioivat yksikön perhelähtöisen hoidon toteutumista FCCQ-perhelähtöisyysmittarilla, joka sisältää 20 Likert -asteikollista väittämää perhelähtöisyydestä. Mittarin korkeampi arvo kuvaa perhelähtöisempää hoitoa (min 1,0 ja max 4,0). Aineisto analysoitiin tilastollisin menetelmin. Vanhemmat arvioivat perhelähtöisen hoidon toteutuvan keskimäärin hyvin (ka 3,54 ja ka 5,60), samoin kuin henkilökunta (ka 3,32 ja ka 3,35). Vanhempien (p=0,376) tai henkilökunnan (p=0,377) arvioissa ei ollut tilastollisesti merkitseviä eroja. Synnyttäneiden vuodeosaston perhelähtöinen hoito oli lähtötilanteessa hyvällä tasolla. Vanhempien ja henkilökunnan arviot sen toteutumisesta olivat samansuuntaiset. Henkilökunnan arvio oli vanhempien arviota kriittisempi, mikä kuvastaa kykyä tunnistaa perhelähtöisiä toimintatapoja sekä toimia niiden mukaisesti. Koulutusinterventiota voi kuitenkin olla tarpeen kehittää vastaamaan paremmin synnyttäneiden vuodeosastojen tarpeisiin.</p
Superparabolic level-glancing models for two-state quantum systems
Get PDFLevel crossing models for two-state quantum systems are applicable to a wide variety of physical problems. We address the special case of level glancing, i.e., when energy levels reach a degeneracy at a specific point of time, but never actually cross. The simplest model with such behavior is the parabolic model, and its generalizations, which we call superparabolic models. We discuss their basic characteristics, complementing the previous work on the related nonlinear crossing models [Vitanov and Suominen, Phys. Rev. A 59, 4580 (1999)]
Miten vihapuheeseen tulisi liberaalissa demokratiassa oikeudellisesti reagoida?
Get PDFSananvapauden ja rikosoikeuden välinen suhde on ollut vuosikymmeniä osa julkista keskustelua. Perinteisesti sananvapauden rikosoikeudellinen rajoittaminen on mielletty uhaksi sananvapaudelle ja demokraattiselle valtiomuodolle. Perinteisen käsityksen on kuitenkin haastanut se, että erityisesti poliittinen ja muuhunkin keskusteluun jalkautunut vihapuhe on muodostumassa sananvapauden rajoittamista suuremmaksi uhaksi demokratialle. Vallitseva yhteiskunnallinen ilmapiiri on pakottanut pohtimaan uusia keinoja vihanilmauksien rajoittamiseen, jotta eri ihmisryhmien osallistuminen yhteiskunnalliseen keskusteluun voidaan turvata.</p