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The conceptualisation of translation in translation studies: a response
No full text"Translation" yesterday (in the 1980s and 1990s) was defined in a certain context. Today, in a more globalized and digitalized world, the concept is changing, becoming more fluid while scholars in TS are becoming more nomadic (in their affiliations, and between disciplines). To avoid as much as possible a terminological inflation in TS and a monolithic and static concept of translation, we must consider the socio-cultural context in which we try not only to define our object of investigation but also to clarify the purpose of our definition(s), considering the wide range of translators and interpreters with different status and working with different e-tools. In addition, a historical perspective is needed: two paradigms are changing, sometimes overlapping. Thus, the feeling of confusion
Macrophage mannose receptor CD206-targeted PET imaging in experimental acute myocardial infarction
No full textBackground: The macrophage mannose receptor (CD206) is expressed predominantly on the surface of M2-type macrophages, which play a role in resolution of inflammation after myocardial injury. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of CD206-targeted PET tracer Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM, a fluorinated mannosylated dextran derivative, for imaging immune responses after experimental acute myocardial infarction (MI).Results: Flow cytometry revealed selective binding of Alexa-488-NOTA-D10CM to human M2-polarized macrophages derived from blood monocytes compared to M1 macrophages. The binding affinity of Al[18F]F-NOTA-DCM for CD206-positive Chinese hamster ovary cells was 1.83 ± 0.68 nM. In vivo PET and ex vivo autoradiography experiments in Sprague-Dawley rats studied at 3 and 7 days after permanent ligation of the left coronary artery or a sham-operation, showed significantly higher uptake of Al[18F]F-NOTA-DCM in the MI area than in remote areas, or the myocardium of sham-operated rats. However, there was no difference in uptake in the MI area between day 3 and day 7. Uptake of Al[18F]F-NOTA-DCM in the MI area correlated positively with the area-% of CD206-positive staining of the left ventricular myocardium (r = 0.481, P = 0.006). In vitro competition studies on tissue cryosections using a molar excess of unlabeled D10CM revealed a reduction of approximately 85%, confirming specific tracer binding.Conclusion: Al[18F]F-NOTA-D10CM PET detects overexpression of CD206 after ischemic myocardial injury, and may be a suitable biomarker for detecting M2-type macrophages associated with the inflammatory process post-MI.</p
Cement layer thickness and load-bearing capacity of tooth restored with lithium-disilicate glass ceramic and hybrid ceramic occlusal veneers
No full textOBJECTIVESTo evaluate the influence of cement layer and veneer thickness on load-bearing capacity of tooth restored with hybrid ceramic (HC) and lithium-disilicate glass ceramic (LDGC) occlusal veneer restorations.METHODSCement layer thickness was set at either 50 µm or 200 µm and tooth restored either with 0.5 mm or 1.8 mm thick HC Cerasmart270 (GC) or LDGC IPS e.max CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent) occlusal veneers. For this study, 64 extracted human molar teeth were selected and divided into 8 groups. Prepared teeth were scanned, and occlusal veneers were manufactured using CAD/CAM technology (Cerec, Dentsply-Sirona). Finished veneers were luted to preparations using self-adhesive resin cement (G-CEM ONE) according to manufacturers' instructions. Teeth were loaded quasi-statically and ultimate fracture loads were recorded. Fracture types were analyzed and classified visually. Statistical analysis was performed using two-way ANOVA.RESULTSWith HC occlusal veneers, thickness of both veneer and cement layer had no significant influence on fracture load. The lowest mean ultimate fracture load value was found in 0.5 mm thick LDGC veneers group with 200 µm cement layer, which was significantly lower loading value compared with that of 1.8 mm thick LDGC veneers or any of HC veneers (p ≤ 0.0280). LDGC veneers with 0.5 mm thickness showed fractures within the veneer, whereas in other groups fractures of the tooth substance was also detected.CONCLUSIONSWithin the limitations of this study, it can be concluded that thin HC occlusal veneers provided higher load-bearing capacity than LDGC counterparts of the same thickness. HC veneers were also less sensitive to the effect of cement layer thickness.</p
Can citizen science and social media images support the detection of new invasion sites? A deep learning test case with Cortaderia selloana
No full textDeep learning has advanced the content analysis of digital data, unlocking opportunities for detecting, mapping, and monitoring invasive species. Here, we tested the ability of open source classification and object detection models (i.e., convolutional neural networks: CNNs) to identify and map the invasive plant Cortaderia selloana (pampas grass) in mainland Portugal. CNNs were trained over citizen science images and then applied to social media content (from Flickr, Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook), allowing to classify or detect the species in over 77% of situations. Images where the species was identified were mapped, using their georeferenced coordinates and time stamp, showing previously unreported occurrences of C. selloana, and a tendency for the species expansion from 2019 to 2021. Our study shows great potential from deep learning, citizen science and social media data for the detection, mapping, and monitoring of invasive plants, and, by extension, for supporting follow-up management options
Assessment of Economic Efficiency, Effects and Risks of Digitalization Projects of Garment Industry in Russia
No full textTo increase production efficiency at industrial enterprises, various digital technologies have recently been used, which have various effects: reduction of time, money, material costs, reduction of the production cycle, productivity growth. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the efficiency of the digitalization of garment production, determine the effects and risks of a digitalization project. The digitalization project was carried out using the radio-frequency identification technology to monitor the sequential processes of garment making.This study tests a hypothesis that the use of digital technologies leads to a reduction in time losses and an increase in labor productivity. During the study, the time of the production process was measured. Further on, the possible reduction of time losses due to the introduction of digital technology under the conditions of existing production capacities is calculated. Time losses were used for additional production, which leads to a change in the company’s cash flows. As a result, the performance indicators of the investment project were calculated, and its risks were assessed using sensitivity analysis.The theoretical significance is in determining the economic indicators that are affected by the introduction of digital technology in the garment industry. The introduction of the radio-frequency identification technology makes it possible to monitor the parameters of the production process, which helped to reduce time loss by 50%, decrease the labor intensity of the product and increase the productivity of the enterprise’s personnel by 30%. The implementation of digitalization projects has risks for companies. To minimize possible risks that could arise, sustainable mitigating solutions were proffered.Key words: garment industry; digital technologies; smart production; Industry 4.0; risk assessment; sustainable development; economic efficiency; investment impact analysis.</p
Euclid preparation LIV. Sensitivity to neutrino parameters
No full textContext. The Euclid mission of the European Space Agency will deliver weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering surveys that can be used to constrain the standard cosmological model and extensions thereof. Aims. We present forecasts from the combination of the Euclid photometric galaxy surveys (weak lensing, galaxy clustering, and their crosscorrelations) and its spectroscopic redshift survey with respect to their sensitivity to cosmological parameters. We include the summed neutrino mass, Sigma m (v), and the e ffective number of relativistic species, N-e ff, in the standard Lambda alpha CDM scenario and in the dynamical dark energy (w (0) w(alpha)CDM) scenario. Methods. We compared the accuracy of di fferent algorithms predicting the non-linear matter power spectrum for such models. We then validated several pipelines for Fisher matrix and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) forecasts, using di fferent theory codes, algorithms for numerical derivatives, and assumptions on the non-linear cut-o ff scale. Results. The Euclid primary probes alone will reach a sensitivity of sigma(Sigma m (v) = 60 meV) = 56 meV in the Lambda CDM +Sigma m (v) model, whereas the combination with cosmic microwave background (CMB) data from Planck is expected to achieve sigma(Sigma m (v)) = 23 meV, o ffering evidence of a non-zero neutrino mass to at least the 2:6 sigma level. This could be pushed to a 4 sigma detection if future CMB data from LiteBIRD and CMB Stage-IV were included. In combination with Planck, Euclid will also deliver tight constraints on Delta N-e ff Conclusions. This work illustrates the complementarity among the Euclid spectroscopic and photometric surveys and among Euclid and CMB constraints. Euclid will o ffer great potential in measuring the neutrino mass and excluding well-motivated scenarios with additional relativistic particles.</p
Blockchain-Based Authentication Scheme for Collaborative Traffic Light Systems Using Fog Computing
No full textIn the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, cybercriminals are targeting critical infrastructures such as traffic light systems and smart grids. A major concern is the security of such systems, which can be broken down into a number of categories, such as the authentication of data collection devices, secure data transmission, and use of the data by authorized and authenticated parties. The majority of research studies in the literature have largely focused on data integrity and user authentication. So far, no published work has addressed the security of a traffic light system from data collection to data access. Furthermore, it is evident that the conventional cloud computing architecture is incapable of analyzing and managing the massive amount of generated data. As a result, the fog computing paradigm combined with blockchain technology may be the best way to ensure data privacy in a decentralized manner while reducing overheads, latency, and maintaining security. This paper presents a blockchain-based authentication scheme named VDAS using the fog computing paradigm. The formal and informal verifications of the proposed solution are presented. The evaluation of the proposed scheme VDAS showed that it has low communication and computation costs compared to existing lightweight authentication techniques
Effectiveness of supporting lifestyle change in pregnant mothers with obesity through the wearable internet-of-things (SLIM) -intervention on self-efficacy in weight management in pregnant women : A quasi-experimental trial
No full textBackground: Half of women with overweight gain excessive weight during pregnancy. Perceived self-efficacy plays a significant role in adherence to healthy behaviours, especially in turning points of life, such as a pregnancy. Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of the Supporting lifestyle change in pregnant mothers with obesity through the wearable internet-of-things (SLIM)-intervention in terms of improving self-efficacy in eating and physical activity and preventing excessive weight gain of pregnant women with overweight. The second aim was to evaluate the fidelity of the intervention implementation. Methods: Pregnant women with overweight (N = 54) attending maternity clinics in Southwest Finland between 2021 and 2023, were recruited using convenience sampling. The SLIM-intervention included: health technology, motivational interviewing, feedback, and goal setting. The intervention was implemented in prenatal visits in maternity clinics continuing to 12 weeks postpartum. The change in self-efficacy was measured with Weight Efficacy Life-Style Questionnaire (score 0–180) and Self-Efficacy for Physical Activity Scale (score 5–25) with repeated measures in three timepoints. Data on weight were collected from patient records. Results: The levels of self-efficacy were high throughout the study period and there were no significant changes in self-efficacy in eating (p = 0.650) or physical activity (p = 0.936). Most of the women (N = 9/10), whose gestational weight gain was within recommendations or less, managed to lose weight during the postpartum period (p Conclusions: Although the intervention was not effective in improving self-efficacy, the importance of recommended gestational weight gain on better postpartum weight management was highlighted. A long follow-up time was valuable for examination of changes over time and understanding trends, patterns, and outcomes of the study. Registration: The trial was registered at the Clinicaltrials.gov register platform (ID NCT04826861) on March 17th, 2021.</p
The elemental abundance of quiescent galaxies in the LEGA-C survey: The (non-)evolution of [α/Fe] from z = 0.75 to z = 0
Get PDFWe measure the [α/Fe] abundances for 183 quiescent galaxies at z = 0.60−0.75 with stellar masses ranging 10.4 ≤ log10(M*/M⊙) ≤ 11.6 selected from the Large Early Galaxy Astrophysics Census survey. We estimate [α/Fe] from the ratio of the spectral indices Mgb (λ ∼ 5177 Å) and Fe4383, compared to predictions of simple stellar population models. We find that 91 per cent of quiescents in our sample have supersolar [α/Fe], with an average value of [α/Fe] = +0.24 ± 0.01. We find no significant correlation between [α/Fe] and stellar metallicity, mass, velocity dispersion, and average formation time. Galaxies that formed the bulk of their stellar mass on time-scales shorter than 1 Gyr follow the same [α/Fe] distribution as those which formed on longer time-scales. In comparison to local early-type galaxies and to stacked spectra of quiescent galaxies at z = 0.38 and z = 0.07, we find that the average [α/Fe] has not changed between z = 0.75 and the present time. Our work shows that the vast majority of massive quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 0.7 are α-enhanced, and that no detectable evolution of the average [α/Fe] has taken place over the last ∼6.5 Gyr.</p
Couples’ educational pairings, selection into parenthood, and second birth progressions
Get PDFEducational pairings, in other words the combination of educational
levels of both partners, have been shown to have meaningful implications
for couples’ childbearing behavior. Specifically, in a variety of
developed countries, second birth transition rates appear to be higher
among homogamous highly educated couples than among heterogamous couples
consisting of one highly educated partner and one lower educated
partner. However, the mechanisms that underlie these findings are not
well-understood. We extend this literature by proposing and testing
three potential mechanisms. We investigate whether differentials in
second birth rates by educational pairing are, first, an artefact
created by overly broad education categories, which mask that these
differentials are driven by ‘low pooled resources’ or ‘large distance’
couples; or, second, driven by the educational upgrading processes of
the partners; or, third, due to unobserved heterogeneity among couples.
Using data from Finnish registers, we indeed find that second birth
rates are higher as the pooled resources of couples increase. However,
we also find that differentials among the higher educated couples hinge
upon ‘low pooled resources’ couples; meaning that the partner’s
education matters in predicting the risk of a second birth transition
mainly if the partner has low tertiary education. Furthermore, we show
that adding a common term across birth episodes to address unobserved
heterogeneity renders most pairing differentials among the higher
educated groups insignificant, while pairing differentials remain large
and significant among the lower educated groups. </p