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Finland’s Famous Education System : Unvarnished Insights into Finnish Schooling
No full textAlthough Finland still has a relatively low proportion of students with a migrant background, it has not been able to ensure that immigrants and their descendants have equal educational opportunities. Education could enhance integration but migrant backgrounds have a persistent impact. In this chapter, our focus is on post-comprehensive educational decision-making processes of immigrant origin adolescent girls, with the viewpoint of the multifaceted intertwinement of gender and ethnicity. We conceptualise the educational decisions as negotiations that adolescents have to have with their families, teachers, counsellors and peers. Within these negotiations, the negotiating parties try to push the adolescent to choose those educational paths they see valued and preferred, and away from the choices they see as unfitting or less valued. As the girls ‘negotiate their identities according to situational contexts’, their agency is constructed with ongoing and reflective negotiations with other people. In this chapter, we show how adolescent girls with an immigrant background in Finland face quite similar difficulties as ethnic minorities in other European and Nordic countries when continuing their education from compulsory education. We also illustrate with three ‘transitional stories’ the key challenges that girls with immigrant backgrounds encounter when making their educational decisions and integrating to education: structural boundaries, social boundaries and acculturation.</p
Work Stress and Satisfaction with Leadership Among Nurses Encountering Patient Aggression in Psychiatric Care: A Cross-Sectional Survey Study
No full textWe examined the associations between work stress (job strain, effort-reward imbalance), perceived job insecurity, workplace social capital, satisfaction with leadership and working hours in relation to the likelihood of encountering patient aggression (overall exposure, assaults on ward property, mental abuse, physical assaults). We conducted a cross-sectional survey for nurses (N = 923) in 84 psychiatric units. Both work stress indicators were associated higher odds for different types of patient aggression. Poorer satisfaction with leadership was associated with higher odds for overall exposure to patient aggression. These findings were robust to adjustment for several nurse and work characteristics, and unit size.</p
Financial difficulties among youth prenatally exposed to substances: a longitudinal register-based cohort study
No full textAimThe receipt of long-term financial social assistance (FSA) as an indicator of financial difficulties among Finnish youth with prenatal substance exposure (PSE) was investigated in comparison with unexposed youth.MethodsData from national health and social welfare registers were collected for 18–24-year-old exposed (n = 355) and unexposed (n = 1011) youth. The influence of youth and maternal characteristics and out-of-home care (OHC) on the association between PSE and youth’s long-term FSA receipt was studied by generalized linear models and mediation analyses.ResultsExposed youth had an increased likelihood of long-term FSA receipt (OR 4.89, 95% CI 3.76, 6.37) but the difference with unexposed was attenuated following adjustments for youth and maternal characteristics and OHC (AOR 1.33, 95% CI 0.89, 1.98). Maternal long-term FSA receipt (0.48, 95% CI 0.35, 0.64) and OHC (0.63, 95% CI 0.47, 0.83) mediated a large proportion of the association between PSE and youth’s long-term FSA receipt. Youth’s mental or behavioral disorders partly mediated the association (0.21, 95% CI 0.14, 0.30), but the mediating effect of lack of secondary education was minor (0.03, 95% CI 0.01, 0.07).ConclusionReceipt of long-term FSA among youth with PSE likely reflects maternal substance abuse linked with maternal financial situation and care instability in childhood.</p
Personalised eHealth intervention to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in rehabilitation after cardiac operations: Study protocol for the PACO randomised controlled trial (NCT03470246)
No full textIntroduction: Personalized intervention to increase physical Activity and reduce sedentary behaviour in rehabilitation after Cardiac Operations (PACO) is a smartphone-based and accelerometer-based eHealth intervention to increase physical activity (PA) and reduce sedentary behaviour (SB) among patients recovering from cardiac surgery.Design: Prospective randomised controlled trial.Methods and analysis: The present protocol describes a randomised controlled clinical trial to be conducted in the Heart Centres of Kuopio and Turku university hospitals. The trial comprises 540 patients scheduled for elective coronary artery bypass grafting, aortic valve replacement or mitral valve repair. The patients will be randomised into two groups. The control group will receive standard postsurgical rehabilitation guidance. The eHealth intervention group will be given the same guidance together with personalised PA guidance during 90 days after discharge. These patients will receive personalised daily goals to increase PA and reduce SB via the ExSedapplication. Triaxial accelerometers will be exploited to record patients’ daily accumulated PA and SB, and transmit them to the application. Using the accelerometer data, the application will provide online guidance to the patients and feedback of accomplishing their activity goals. The data will also be transmitted to the cloud, where a physiotherapist can monitor individual activity profiles and customise the subsequent PA and SB goals online. The postoperative improvement in patients’ step count, PA, exercise capacity, quality of sleep, laboratory markers, transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) parameters and quality of life, and reduction in SB and incidence of major cardiac events are investigated as outcomes.Conclusions: The PACO intervention aims to build a personalised eHealth tool for the online tutoring of cardiac surgery patients.</p
Sex-related differential item functioning of the Jenkins Sleep Scale : a cross-sectional study among 77 967 employees in the Finnish public sector
No full textObjectives: To investigate if the Jenkins Sleep Scale (JSS) demonstrates sex-related differential item functioning (DIF).Design: Cross-sectional study.Setting: Survey data from the Finnish Public Sector study (2015-2017).Participants: 77 967 employees in the Finnish public sector, with a mean age of 51.9 (SD 13.1) years and 82% women.Outcome measures: Item response theory estimates: difficulty and discrimination parameters of the JSS and differences in these parameters between men and women.Results: The mean JSS total score was 6.4 (4.8) points. For all four items of the JSS, the difficulty parameter demonstrated a slight shift towards underestimation of the severity of sleep difficulties. The discrimination ability of all four items was moderate to high. For the JSS composite score, overall discrimination ability was moderate (0.98, 95% CI 0.97 to 0.99). Mild uniform DIF (pConclusions: The JSS showed overall good psychometric properties among this healthy population of employees in the Finnish public sector. The JSS was able to discriminate people with different severities of sleep disturbances. However, when using the JSS, the respondents might slightly underestimate the severity of these disturbances. While the JSS may produce slightly different results when answered by men and women, these sex-related differences are probably negligible when applied to clinical situations.</p
Raiskaus sodan ympäristötuhon paralleelina Hanneriina Moisseisen moniaistisessa sarjakuvateoksessa Kannas
No full textArtikkelissa tarkastellaan kuvataiteilija Hanneriina Moisseisen moniaistisessa teoskokonaisuudessa Kannas (2016) rakentuvaa äänellistä ja kuvallista tulkintaa sodankäynnin ympäristövaikutuksista. Käsittelyn keskiöön nostetaan teoksessa äänellisesti ja visuaalisesti kuvattu seksuaalisen väkivallan teko, jota itämerensuomalaisen huolirunon kontekstissa tarkastellaan paralleelisessa suhteessa sodan aiheuttamaan ympäristötuhoon.Artikkelin käsittelyn perusteella Kannas-teoskokonaisuus määritellään ympäristötekstiksi, joka osallistuu nykyhetkessä käytävään ympäristökriittiseen keskusteluun ja jota voidaan käyttää esimerkkinä suomalaisesta ekokansanmusiikista; ihmisen ja ympäristön välisiä suhteita ja niihin vaikuttavia kulttuurisia ilmiöitä kriittisesti nykyhetkessä tarkastelevasta suomalaisesta nykykansanmusiikista, joka käyttää ympäristökriittisesti orientoituneen ilmaisunsa rakennusaineena itämerensuomalaiseen kansanomaiseen kulttuuriperintöön sisältyvää musiikillista tai muuta kulttuurista ainesta.</p
Regarding: High Correlations Among Worldwide Prevalences of Dementias, Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis and Motor Neuron Diseases Indicate Common Causative Factors
No full textDe Gruyter Handbook of Digital Entrepreneurship
No full textSmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are constantly looking for opportunities for growth, at home and abroad. While changing a few components of a business model (BM) may be enough to realize local growth, international expansion may require more radical BM changes. This paper takes an explorative approach to analyze the implications of the entrepreneurial SME's internationalization strategy to BM innovation (BMI). Specifically, we consider the role of digital transformation. As such, this study contributes to existing literature on: (1) international management, (2) digitaliza-tion, and (3) BMI experimentation and outcome. We carry out a multiple case study using a theoretical sampling approach based on two explanatory factors: (1) the maturity of the SME, that is, established firm versus start-up and (2) the use of IT, that is, web-based channels versus digital platforms. The study shows how internationalization led to different types of changes in the BM. It also shows how digitalization can help in entering into new international markets. Digital platforms provide great potential for internationalization for SMEs but require changes impacting most BM components, such as redesign of value proposition and development of local ecosystems. To date, few studies have looked at IT platforms as a way to enter international markets. Platform based BMI requires the development of local ecosystems.</p
Narrative Triggers of Information Sensitivity
No full text This research explores the factors contributing to information sensitivity in debt markets, focusing on the potential influences of uncertainty, economic performance, and journalist-dependent language. Building upon the foundational work of Dang et al. (Ignorance, debt and financial crises. Yale University Unpublished Working Paper, 2018), we analyze the mechanisms underlying the transition from information-insensitive to information-sensitive states—a shift with implications for potential financial crises. Leveraging machine learning techniques and daily data on variables such as default probability, information acquisition, and newspaper articles, we discern specific narrative triggers embedded within the news. Our analysis underscores the pivotal role of economic states and journalist language in inducing information sensitivity—a phenomenon intricately tied to different psychological thinking processes. </p
The Future of Radioactive Waste: Lessons from Europe
No full text Fortum Oyj and Teollisuuden Voima Oyj (TVO), the two companies that own the operating units in Finnish nuclear power plants, in 1996 formed a joint company, Posiva Oy, to deal with their nuclear wastes. This includes both the low- and medium-level radioactive waste and the high-active used nuclear fuel. Several locations were considered before the choice of Olkiluoto in 1999 and its acceptance by the municipality of Eurajoki in 2000. In 2010, the Finnish Government granted a decision-in-principle required by the Finnish Nuclear Act to Posiva Oy regarding the construction of a final disposal site for nuclear wastes including the above-ground encapsulation plant and the final disposal facility called Onkalo. In 2015, the Government granted the construction licence for this entity to be built. The site already includes the operating nuclear power plants (OL-1 and OL-2) of TVO and the OL-3 unit which has been under construction since 2005 and shall be taken into use in 2022. After several delays this is the timetable according to the most recent information in early Spring 2021 provided by TVO. Thus, Finland is the first country in the world to enter the implementation phase of spent nuclear fuel. A future challenge is the nuclear waste of possible new nuclear power plants not included in the plans of Posiva Oy. </p