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Iron Ore Production
No full textIron is the world's most commonly used metal - steel, of which iron ore is the key ingredient, representing almost 95% of all metal used per year. It is used primarily in structural engineering applications and in maritime purposes, automobiles, and general industrial applications (machinery).
Prior to the industrial revolution, most iron was obtained from widely available goethite or bog ore. Prehistoric societies used laterite as a source of iron ore. Historically, much of the iron ore utilized by industrialized societies has been mined from predominantly hematite deposits with grades of around 70% Fe. These deposits are commonly referred to as "direct shipping ores" or "natural ores". Increasing iron ore demand, coupled with the depletion of high-grade hematite ores in the United States, after World War II led to development of lower-grade iron ore sources, principally the utilization of magnetite and taconite.
At present, mining iron ore is a high volume low margin business, as the value of iron is significantly lower than base metals. It is highly capital intensive, and requires significant investment in infrastructure such as rail in order to transport the ore from the mine to a freight ship. For these reasons, iron ore production is concentrated in the hands of a few major players
Jedidiah Morse, The American Gazetteer (Boston 1797) [plain text, TEI/XML format]
No full textThis dataset contains the digitalised text of Jedidiah Morse's The American Gazetteer (Boston 1797). The text was digitalised using scans provided by the John Adams Library at the Boston Public Library (Internet Archive) and the HTR software Transkribus.
The text is presented in several formats (txt, TEI/XML, ALTO line, ALTO word, Transkribus PAGE/XML), stored in separate folders. We have also included two extra plain text files, one file ('§') containing only the place name lemmas (and no introduction and appendices), the other one which was manually edited to correct a limited number of incorrect line breaks (e.g. 'New¬York' instead of 'New-York').
In the dataset 'Ground Truth' the transcriptions can be found that were manually created in order to train the Transkribus HTR model
Goats per Capita
No full textEstimation of goats per capita based on historical sources and modelling
Goa 1800 [Global Collaboratory on the History of Labour Relations 1500-2000 Dataset]
No full textLabour Relations in Portuguese Goa: 1800 based on research conducted by Paulo Teodoro de Matos and Jan Lucassen, some data corrected by Daan Jansen
Innovatieve moleculaire detectie van de SOA Chlamydia: screening van afvalwater als ‘mirror for society’
No full textHet doel van dit onderzoek is om een moleculaire test te ontwikkelen voor de innovatieve screening van Chlamydia trachomatis in afvalwater.
Voor dit doel worden verschillende PCR-platformen ingezet, waaronder qPCR, ddPCR en NextGenPCR. Het gebruik van deze technologieën maakt het mogelijk om specifiek (het juiste micro-organisme), sensitief (detectie bij lage aantallen) en snel (patiëntvriendelijk) te detecteren. Als basis wordt een bestaande, bewezen qPCR test voor de analyse van CT DNA uit uitstrijkjes en urine gebruikt. Deze PCR test wordt aangepast voor ddPCR- en NextGenPCR toepassingen in afvalwater, met behoud van sensitiviteit en specificiteit
Fixel-based white matter atypicalities in relation to language impairment in children with developmental language disorder
No full textLiterature regarding white matter differences in children with developmental language disorder (DLD) has shown inconsistent results. Furthermore, relevance of neuroanatomical differences between typically developing children and children with DLD to language function has scarcely been investigated. Therefore, this study investigated white matter differences in children with DLD using fixel-based analysis, deriving fiber-specific metrics with increased biological specificity. Relations between fixel-based metrics showing group differences and behaviour were investigated for several language measures.
Method. Dorsal (e.g., arcuate fasciculus) and ventral (e.g., uncinate fasciculus) language tracts and white matter of the cerebellar peduncles were modelled in 21 children with DLD and compared to that of 21 typically developing children between eight and 13 years of age. Children also completed an extensive language assessment, including overall language performance, vocabulary and word learning. Fixel-based metrics of the informative tracts (> 50 significant fixels in comparisons between groups) were regressed with the different language measures.
Results. Children with DLD showed differences in fiber (density) cross-section in the uncinate, arcuate and superior longitudinal fasciculi, which were associated with overall language and/or vocabulary performance. Further, fixel metrics of the dorsal tracts were related to immediate recall of learned words.
Discussion and conclusion. Our findings suggest that white matter differences in DLD could be associated with morphological differences in fiber bundle diameter or size. Further, atypical structural white matter properties may contribute to the observed language impairments. Our findings suggest that fixel-based analysis is a promising technique to detect fiber-specific differences in children with DLD
Replication Data for: How Intrinsic and Extrinsic Religiosity Explain Differences in Attitudes and Behaviour of Euthanasia of Dutch Protestants
No full textResearch published in the years 2006 to 2021 showed that religiosity is connected to rather dismissive attitudes towards euthanasia. However, when we focus on Protestants in the Netherlands, the connections are more complex. On the one hand, some Protestants are fiercely opposed, whereas others were at the very core of the pro-euthanasia movement. Research also shows a relatively high acceptance and incidence of euthanasia among Protestants. The literature did not address the causes of diversity in Protestant attitudes towards euthanasia, nor how these differences affect euthanasia behaviour. To fill both gaps, we first conjecture that the diversity in Protestant attitudes towards euthanasia can be explained by differences in intrinsic and extrinsic religiosity. In our analysis among 609 members of the Protestant Church in the Netherlands, we found that intrinsic religiosity is connected to negative attitudes towards euthanasia, whereas the social extrinsic component is associated with a more positive view on euthanasia. Second, this paper shows that the attitude towards euthanasia affects the signing of a euthanasia directive, which is one of the behavioural acts that should be performed as a condition for receiving euthanasia.
Data were collected by a survey among PCN-members (Protestant Church in the Netherlands)
Doing Good Feels Better: Moral Appeals Shape Reward-Related Neural Activity for Pro-Environmental Gains
No full textTo address societal challenges – such as combating climate change – people have to invest in collective goals rather than pursuing selfish objectives. However, prior neuroscientific research has often revealed that reward-motivation is enhanced for self-relevant gains. Here, we draw on social psychological research showing that people have a strong desire to be moral, to examine whether the motivation for investing effort towards collective goals can be increased by appealing to people’s desire to be a morally responsible person. We conducted an ERP study examining how a moral appeal influences motivated performance and neural markers of reward processing. After reading either a moral or a non-moral appeal about one’s responsibility toward climate action, participants (N = 70) completed a time estimation task where they could earn monetary rewards for themselves or a climate-friendly charity. We compared behavioral and ERP responses on self-gain, charity-gain, and no-gain trials between appeal conditions. Results showed significant interactions in both behavioral and ERP measures. Participants performed better on self- and charity-gain trails, compared to no-gain trials, following a moral appeal, whereas no trial-type differences emerged after the non-moral appeal. Confirmatory ERP analyses revealed no effects on the SPN or RewP. Exploratory analyses on the Cue-P3, Feedback-P3, and LPP, however, showed enhanced amplitudes for charity-gain trials following the moral appeal, whereas in the non-moral appeal condition, Feedback-P3 and LPP were more positive on self-gain than no-gain trials. These findings suggest that moral appeals can enhance the reward value of pro-environmental outcomes, potentially promoting positive behavior change