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EVOLUTION:From Big Bang to Nanorobots
No full textInternational audienceThe present volume is the fourth issue of the Yearbook series entitled ‘Evolution’.The title of the present volume is ‘From Big Bang to Nanorobots’. In this way we demonstratethat all phases of evolution and Big History are covered in the articles of the presentYearbook. Several articles also present the forecasts about future development.The main objective of our Yearbook as well as of the previous issues is the creationof a unified interdisciplinary field of research in which the scientists specializing in differentdisciplines could work within the framework of unified or similar paradigms, using thecommon terminology and searching for common rules, tendencies and regularities. At thesame time for the formation of such an integrated field one should use all available opportunities:theories, laws and methods. In the present volume, a number of such approachesare used.The volume consists of four sections: Universal Evolutionary Principles; Biosocial Evolution,Ecological Aspects, and Consciousness; Projects for the Future; In Memoriam.This Yearbook will be useful both for those who study interdisciplinary macroproblemsand for specialists working in focused directions, as well as for those who are interestedin evolutionary issues of Cosmology, Biology, History, Anthropology, Economicsand other areas of study. More than that, this edition will challenge and excite your visionof your own life and the new discoveries going on around us
Contemporary Music, Unofficial Languages, Subaltern Voices: Composing Musical Pieces on Sicilian Texts
No full textInternational audienceThis paper documents the composition and performance of two rare examples of pieces that use Sicilian poetry as their textual material, namely, Emanuele Casale’s Composizione per voce (1997), written on a contemporary poem by Catanian poet Biagio Guerrera, who also premiered the piece in 1998; and my own composition Senza cialoma, on a selection of 19th century Sicilian street poems, premiered in 2013 by the Gnu ensemble. A variety of materials, ranging from interviews with the musical composers to programme notes, weblogs and personal correspondence, is used as evidence alongside the content of the musical works, in order to explore the political implications of composing music in Sicilia
Research into Global Ageing and Its Consequences: Introduction
No full textInternational audienceWith the further growth of the world population and the further intensificationof the processes of interaction between countries and increasing movements ofthe masses of people, the role of Political Demography becomes more and moreimportant. Issues of global ageing, migration, low fertility in developed countries(or very high fertility in some African countries), high mortality in manydeveloping states (including deaths from AIDS); rapid change in the ethniccomposition in Europe and in several other regions and many other pressingissues are in the focus of this discipline. Some of these problems are analyzedin this yearbook. However, among those issues, the issue of global ageing becomesmore and more pressing every year. It is sufficient to take into accountthe point that within two forthcoming decades a rapid global increase in thenumber of retirement-age persons will lead to its doubling within this fairlysmall historical period. The concerns about population ageing apply to bothdeveloped and many developing countries and it has turned into a global issue.In the next decades the population ageing is likely to become one of the mostimportant processes determining the future society characteristics and directionsof technological development
Mathematical Modeling of Biological and Social Evolutionary Macrotrends
No full textInternational audienceIn the first part of this article we survey general similarities and differences between biological and social macroevolution. In the second (and main) part, we consider a concrete mathematical model capable of describing important features of both biological and social macroevolution. In mathematical models of historical macrodynamics, a hyperbolic pattern of world population growth arises from non-linear, second-order positive feedback between demographic growth and technological development. Based on diverse paleontological data and an analogy with macrosociological models, we suggest that the hyperbolic character of biodiversity growth can be similarly accounted for by non-linear, second-order positive feedback between diversity growth and the complexity of community structure. We discuss how such positive feedback mechanisms can be modelled mathematically
The Tiger and the Dragon (Development Models and Perspectives of India and China)
No full textInternational audienceIn the coming decades in the process of globalization the position of the USA and Europe will weaken, while the role of developing countries will increase. The role of the two largest emerging economies – China and India – will be of special significance. What future will these fast-growing giants face? The demographers agree that pretty soon India will lead the world in population and thus surpass China, while China will encounter serious population ageing. But economic and political scenarios of the future are quite different: from resounding success and world leadership to collapse caused by demographic and socio-political troubles. Which of them is more feasible? In the present article I analyze the Chinese and Indian development models separately and comparatively and make prognosis of their perspectives in the twenty-first century. Such an analysis could be helpful for understanding Russia's ways of development
GLOBALISTICS AND GLOBALIZATION STUDIES ASPECTS & DIMENSIONS OF GLOBAL VIEWS
No full textInternational audienceNowadays globalization processes have become all-embracing. But at the same time, despite theever-increasing flow of publications on globalization, our understanding and knowledge of it stillleaves much to be desired. Especially it concerns the global processes in general, of whichglobalization is a part. We also need to systematize our ideas about globalization and GlobalStudies to somehow fit the realities. In particular, this concerns the education process, because thecurrent state of education will determine the way people will perceive reality in the forthcomingdecades. This yearbook aims at contributing to the solution of these important tasks. It is the thirdin the series of yearbooks titled Globalistics and Globalization Studies. This year it hasthe following subtitle: Aspects & Dimensions of Global Views. Its authors consider globalizationand Global Studies in different dimensions and aspects: philosophical, methodological, andpedagogical, in terms of various processes, problems and perspectives. Of course, to some extentthis means that this yearbook presents rather diverse materials. But globalization itself is verydiverse. And its comprehension may proceed in the framework of different theoretical approachesand points of view.In the present yearbook one can find perceptions of globalization and Global Studies by a numberof scholars from different countries of the world and learn rather peculiar visions of globalizationby the Russian scientists and educators. The yearbook will be interesting to a wide range ofresearchers, teachers, students and all those who pay attention to global issues
Cyclical Dynamics in Economics and Politics in the Past and in the Future
No full textInternational audienceNikolay Kondratieff is known primarily for his theory of long cycles. However,it is worth recalling that he was among the first who started to investigate thenature of different economic cycles and their systematic interaction. Actuallythe primary classification of cycles into short, medium and long belongs toKondratieff.In 1922, in his book The World Economy and its Conjunctures during andafter the War Nikolay Kondratieff formulated for the first time the basic tenetsof the theory of long cycles (Kondratieff 1922 [2002]). As until that time theeconomic literature hardly knew any other cycles than the ones with a characteristicperiod between 7 and 11 years (which were called industrial, commercial,and so on), Kondratieff quite logically called them ‘short cycles’ (Ibid.:323). However, already in 1925, in the Long Cycles of Conjuncture (Kondratieff1925 [1993]: 25–26), he began to call the same cycles as ‘medium cycles’.1 Why? The fact is that in those years Kitchin (1923) discovered somecycles (with a characteristic period between 3 and 4 years) manifested in fluctuationsin inventories that could be denoted as truly ‘short cycles’. Later, theybecame known as ‘Kitchin cycles’. Due to the fact that the medium-term cyclesoften have internal ups and downs, a group of scientists in the Harvard Schoolheaded by Wesley Mitchell started to consider cycles statistically (not by theirlogic, but by the presence of recessions, from a recession to another recession,regardless of the point that different recessions may be significantly different asregards their strength and nature). As a result, they also detected some cycleswith a period between 3 and 4 years (which to a certain extent coincided withKitchin cycles)