Croatian Digital Thesis Repository
Not a member yet
259189 research outputs found
Sort by
Analysis of the kanban system in the production line for the production of the battery modules
No full textU sklopu je Diplomskoga rada prikazana tvrtka Rimac Automobili. Radi se o tvrtki koja je u
zadnjih deset godina doživjela jako veliki rast i postala vrlo poznata na svjetskoj sceni. Nakon
sklapanja ugovora sa tvrtkom Bugatti, Rimac Automobili postaju Rimac grupa koja obuhvaća
tvrtke Rimac Technology i Bugatti Rimac. Djelatnost je tvrtke Rimac Technology razvoj i
proizvodnja baterija i električnih sklopova, dok tvrtka Bugatti Rimac proizvodi automobile.
Predstavivši se svijetu sa najbrže ubrzavajućim automobilom, Rimac Neverom, tvrtka Rimac
Technology privukla je pažnju velikih automobilističkih tvrtki. Među ostalima, Rimac
Technology potpisuje ugovor sa tvrtkom BMW za proizvodnju električnih baterija. U radu je
prikazan tehnološki proces proizvodnje baterijskih modula te logistički proces opskrbe
proizvodne linije. Prikazani su uočeni problemi u logističkom procesu, te je predloženo
rješenja za novi logistički koncept. Na kraju rada izrađena je simulacija novog proizvodnog
procesa koji se pokazao učinkovitijom od sadašnjeg.In the context of the Master's thesis, the company Rimac Automobili is presented. This is the
company that has experienced significant growth over the past ten years and has become very
well known on the global stage. After signing a deal with Bugatti, Rimac Automobili evolved
into the Rimac Group, which encompasses Rimac Technology and Bugatti Rimac. Rimac
Technology focuses on the development and production of batteries and electric components,
while Bugatti Rimac manufactures automobiles.
By introducing itself to the world with the fastest-accelerating car, the Rimac Nevera, Rimac
Technology attracted the attention of major automotive companies. Among others, Rimac
Technology signed an agreement with BMW for the production of electric batteries. The
thesis describes the technological process of battery module production and the logistical
process of supplying the production line. Problems identified in the logistical process are
presented, and the solution for the new logistics concept is proposed. At the end of the thesis,
a simulation of the new production process was created, which proved to be more efficient
than the current one
Modelling and optimal control of electric vehicle powertrain containing four independent motors
No full textU posljednjem desetljeću znatno je porasla zastupljenost električnih vozila na tržištu automobila, s ciljem smanjenja emisija štetnih plinova. Porastu popularnosti i zastupljenosti električnih vozila pridonijelo je orijentiranje proizvodnje električne energije prema obnovljivim izvorima energije i napredak u tehnologiji baterija. Zadržavanje konkurentnosti na tržištu električnih vozila koje se svakodnevno razvija zahtjeva brzo prilagođavanje promjenama i kontinuirano unaprjeđenje sustava vozila. U svrhu brzog stjecanja točnih informacija o tehnologijama koje će se potencijalno primijeniti u vozilu, koriste se simulacijski modeli vozila. U ovom radu se razmatra optimalan način upravljanja pogonom električnog vozila sa četiri nezavisna elektromotora kako bi se postigla maksimalna učinkovitost komponenti pogona, s ciljem smanjenja potrošnje električne energije, odnosno povećanja dometa te smanjenja potrošnje. Model pogona izrađen je u ko-simulacijskom okruženju u programima MATLAB / Simulink, i IPG CarMaker. Postavljeno je pet strategija upravljanja pogonom vozila koje su simulacijski ispitane na WLTP voznom ciklusu. Rezultati pokazuju povećani domet vozila uslijed implementacije nove upravljačke logike kojom se stražnji pogon isključuje pri niskim brzinama vozila.Throughout the last decade, the presence of electric vehicles in the car market has increased significantly, with the aim of reducing harmful gas emissions. The main contributors to the increased market share are orientation of electricity production towards renewable energy sources and advances in battery technology. Maintaining competitiveness in the market that is continuously evolving requires the ability to quickly adapt to changes and continuously improve the product, which must be thoroughly tested and verified before entering the market. In order to quickly evaluate the technologies that could potentially be applied in the vehicle, numerical simulations of the vehicle and its subsystem are typically used. This thesis discusses the optimal way to control the powertrain of a vehicle with four independent electric motors to achieve highest efficiency of the powertrain components and thus reduce consumption during a homologation cycle and increase driving range. The vehicle model is set up in MATLAB / Simulink and IPG CarMaker co-simulation environment. Five powertrain control systems are evaluated on WLTP driving cycle. The results point out that completely disengaging the rear wheels reduces power consumption to the greatest extent
Optimisation of ultrasound extraction of polyphenols from species Satureja montana L.
No full textS. montana L. aromatična je biljaka bogata bioaktivnim fenolnim spojevima. U ovom istraživanju
spektrofotometrijski je ispitivan sadržaj ukupnih polifenolnih spojeva, fenolnih kiselina i flavonoida
te sadržaj luteolin-7-O-glikozida upotrebom HPLC-a. Korištena je ekološki prihvatljiva metoda
ultrazvučne ekstrakcije te su primjenjivani različiti ekstrakcijski uvjeti. Cilj je bio pronaći uvjete
koji daju najučinkovitiju ekstrakciju s najvećim prinosom fenolnih spojeva. Pokazana je efikasnost
prisustva HP-β-CD, kao sredstva koje omogućuje inkapsulaciju polifenola, te kombinacije glicerola
i vode kao otapala. Najveći prinos ukupnih polifenola i fenolnih kiselina dao je pripravak s uvjetima
70 % GL, 0,2 mmol HP-β-CD, pri 45 °C, 25 min i USP od 432 W. Ekstrakciji flavonoida najviše su
pogodovali uvjeti 35 % GL, 0,2 mmol HP-β-CD, 15 min na 70 °C s USP od 720 W, a LG uvjeti 35
% GL, 0,2 mmol HP-β-CD, 20 °C, 15 min s USP od 720 W.S. montana L. is an aromatic species rich in bioactive phenolics. In this work, spectrophotometric
analysis of total polyphenols, phenolic acids and flavonoids in the extract was conducted, as well as
content quantification of luteolin-7-O-glicoside using HPLC. Environmentally friendly ultrasound
extraction method was used, and different extraction conditions were applied. The purpose was to
find conditions giving the most effective yield of measured substances. The results have shown the
efficiency of having HP-β-CD present, as an encapsulating agent, as well as glycerol – water mixture
as a solvent. The biggest yield of total polyphenols and phenolic acids was shown in extraction
conditions of 70 % GL, 0,2 mmol HP-β-CD, 45 °C, 25 min and USP of 432 W. To the flavonoid
extraction favoured the most conditions of 35 % GL, 0,2 mmol HP-β-CD, 15 min on 70 °C with
USP of 720 W, and for LG conditions of 35 % GL, 0,2 mmol HP-β-CD, 20 °C, 15 min and USP of
720 W
Validation of MEKC-MS/MS method for determination of abemaciclib, palbociclib and ribociclib in blood plasma
No full textHR+/HER2- rak dojke jedan je od najčešćih tipova karcinoma u svijetu, za čije se liječenje koristi kombinacija inhibitora CDK4/6 s endokrinom terapijom. Abemaciklib, palbociklib i ribociklib, selektivni su i reverzibilni inhibitori o ciklinima ovisnih kinaza, CDK 4 i 6.
S obzirom na potrebu za istovremenim određivanjem ovih lijekova iz krvne plazme pacijentica, razvijena je metoda micelarne elektrokinetičke kromatografije spregnute s tandemskom spektrometrijom masa (MEKC-MS/MS). Kako bi se navedena metoda mogla implementirati u rutinske analize biokemijskih laboratorija i sa sobom donijeti prednosti visoke efektivnosti, selektivnosti i manjeg utroška materijala te omogućiti terapijsko praćenje inhibitora CDK4/6 s ciljem poboljšanja ishoda liječenja, bilo ju je potrebno validirati sukladno ICH M10 smjernicama za validaciju bioanalitičkih metoda.
Linearnost, točnost i preciznost metode su validirane za abemaciklib u kalibracijskom području 50-500 ng/mL, za palbociklib 30-300 ng/mL i za ribociklib 500-5000 ng/mL. Na visokoj i niskoj QC koncentraciji, validirani su parametri utjecaja matrice i stabilnost uzoraka u autosampleru za svaki od tri inhibitora CDK4/6. Zaključno s validacijom ovih parametara, pokazano je kako je metoda prikladna za svoju namjenu.HR+/HER- breast cancer is one of the most common types of carcinomas across the world, for which the therapy includes combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors with endocrine therapy. Abemaciclib, palbociclib and ribociclib are selective and reversible inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases, CDK 4 and 6.
Due to the need for simultaneous determination of these drugs from the blood plasma of patients, a method of micellar electrokinetic chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (MEKC-MS/MS) was developed. In order for the above method to be implemented in routine analyses in biochemical laboratories and to bring with it the advantages of higher effectiveness, selectivity and lower material consumption, while enabling therapeutic monitoring of CDK4/6 inhibitors with the aim of improving treatment outcomes, it was necessary to validate it in accordance with ICH M10 Guideline for the validation of bioanalytical methods.
Linearity, accuracy, and precision of the method were validated in the calibration range of 50-500 ng/mL for abemaciclib, 30-300 ng/mL for palbociclib and 500-5000 ng/mL for ribociclib. Validation parameters matrix effect and stability in autosampler were validated for all of the three CDK4/6 inhibitors on the high and low QC (Quality control) concentrations, respectively to the ICH M10 Guideline. In conclusion, with validation of these parameters, it was shown that the method is suitable for its purpose
IMPLEMENTATION OF HEX GAME AND RELATED AGENTS
No full textU okviru ovog rada je implementirana igra na ploči Hex i pripadajući agenti umjetne inteligencije. Agent donosi odluke algoritmom minimax sa alfa beta podrezivanjem i dubinskim produbljivanjem ili algoritmom Monte Carlo tree search (MCTS). Također su implementirane skripte koje vode statistike pobjeda raznih kombinacija agenata sa parametrima dubine, vremenskog ograničenja i istraživačkih konstanti. Implementirano je korisničko sučelje koristeći Pygame biblioteku. U teorijskom dijelu rada obuhvaćen je pregled samih agenta i njihovih algoritama, analiza efektivnosti samih algoritama u okviru igre, detalji igre i korisničkog sučelja.Within this thesis is the implementation of the board game Hex and its corresponding artificial intelligence agents. Agent does its decision making via the algorithm's minimax with alpha beta pruning or Monte Carlo tree search algorithm (MCTS). Scripts for tracking win rate statistics of various combinations of AI agents with depth parameters, time limitations and exploration constants are also implemented. A user interface is also implemented using the Pygame library. In the theoretical section of the thesis is a detailed explanation of the agents, their algorithms, effectivenss analysis of said algorithms within the scope of the game, details about the game and the implementation of the user interface
THE LIFE CYCLE OF A FAMILY BUSINESS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE GAVRILOVIĆ COMPANY
No full textŽivotni ciklus obiteljskih poduzeća je složen proces i svaka faza ima svoje izazove. U početnoj fazi cilj je pokrenuti poslovanje i preživjeti. Faza stabilizacije i rasta je sretno razdoblje u poslovanju obiteljskih poduzeća, dok se u fazi dozrelosti kada pokazatelji uspješnog poslovanja opadaju razmišlja da li napustiti poslovanje ili ga novim rješenjima ponovno stabilizirati. Važnost obiteljskih poduzeća za svjetsku i domaću ekonomiju, te gospodarstvo je jako velika jer ona zapošljavaju ne samo članove svoje obitelji nego nekada i veliki dio lokalne zajednice. Objašnjava se i prikazuje kroz različite sakupljene informacija iz raznih izvora i istraživanja koliko je zapravo obiteljsko poduzetništvo bitno za gospodarstvo jedne zemlje jer je ono velik izvor društvenog razvoja. Također su vrlo bitne i karakteristike obiteljskih poduzeća, prvenstveno prednosti i nedostatci kao što su samostalnost i sloboda, te obeshrabrenje i neodređeno radno vrijeme. Glavni cilj je analiza koliki utjecaj, kakvu moć, kakvu tradiciju poslovanja te kakav životni ciklus imaju obiteljska poduzeća, točnije jedno obiteljsko poduzeće kao što je Gavrilović. Ono je jedno od moćnijih i utjecajnijih poduzeća u državi te ga vodi čak deveta generacija nasljednika i upravo su to razlozi zašto je baš ono izabrano kao primjer. Dakle iz svega navedenog može se zaključiti da je životni ciklus ovog poduzeća jako dug i trenutno se poduzeće nalazi u fazi stabilizacije i rasta. Kroz pisanje ovog završnog rada mogli su se steći razni korisni zaključi o poduzetništvu i obiteljskim poduzećima kao bitnim faktorima gospodarstva svake države , te je rezultat pisanja ovog završnog rada usvojeno korisno znanje o tematici obiteljskog poduzetništva.The life cycle of family businesses is a complex process and each stage has its own challenges. In the initial phase, the goal is to start a business and survive. The phase of stabilization and growth is a happy period in the business of family businesses, while in the maturity phase, when indicators of successful business decline, people consider whether to leave the business or stabilize it again with new solutions. The importance of family businesses for the global and domestic economy, as well as the economy, is very great because they employ not only their own family members, but sometimes also a large part of the local community. It is explained and shown through various collected information from various sources and research, how important family entrepreneurship actually is for the economy of a country because it is a great source of social development. The characteristics of family businesses are also very important, primarily advantages and disadvantages such as independence and freedom, as well as discouragement and indefinite working hours. The main goal is to analyze how much influence, what kind of power, what kind of business tradition and what kind of life cycle family businesses have, more specifically a family business like Gavrilović. It is one of the most powerful and influential companies in the country, and it is run by even the ninth generation of heirs, and these are the reasons why it was chosen as an example. So from all of the above it can be concluded that the life cycle of this company is very long and currently the company is in the phase of stabilization and growth. Through the writing of this final paper, it was possible to gain various useful conclusions about entrepreneurship and family businesses as important factors of the economy of every country, and as a result of writing this final paper, useful knowledge on the topic of family entrepreneurship was adopted
Screening of N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase analogues on different sugars
No full textEnzimi su biokatalizatori koji pokazuju brojne prednosti nad kemijskim katalizatorima. Unatoč tome, enzimi nailaze na ograničenja u industrijskoj primjeni zbog čega se nastoje modificirati i poboljšati tehnikama enzimskog inženjerstva. Jedna od ključnih reakcija za koje se nastoje modificirati enzimi jest sinteza ugljik-ugljik veze. Aldolna kondenzacija najčešća je metoda za sintezu navedene veze, a tu reakciju kataliziraju enzimi zvani aldolaze. Sintaza
N-acetilneuraminske kiseline (NeuS) je aldolaza ovisna o fosfoenolpiruvatu koja katalizira sintezu N-acetilneuraminske kiseline (Neu5Ac). Neu5Ac pripada obitelji sijalinskih kiselina koje imaju raznovrsne funkcije u fiziološkim procesima. U ovom radu ispitivala se aktivnost analoga sintaza N-acetilneuraminske kiseline na šećere L-arabinozu, D-galaktozu, D-laktozu, D-liksozu, D-(+)-manozu i D-(+)-ksilozu kao supstrate. Kao analozi sintaza
N-acetilneuraminske kiseline korišteni su umjetno dobiveni PNH3, PNH6, PNH11 i PNH17 enzimi te NmNeuS enzim iz bakterije Neisseria meningitidis (Nm). Aktivnost tih enzima ispitivana je pomoću početnih reakcijskih brzina praćenjem koncentracija reaktanata i produkata reakcije u vremenu pomoću tekućinske kromatografije visoke djelotvornosti (HPLC), a iz prikupljenih eksperimentalnih podataka izračunate su konverzije supstrata i iskorištenja reakcije. Na temelju prikupljenih rezultata, zaključeno je da PNH3 i PNH6 enzimi imaju veću aktivnost prema heksozama (D-galaktoza, D-(+)-manoza) kao supstratima nego pentozama (L-arabinoza, D-liksoza). U slučaju staničnog ekstrakta NmNeuS je obrnuto. NmNeuS je pokazao najveće vrijednosti konverzije i iskorištenja za sve supstrate. Usporedbom iskorištenja reakcija kataliziranim sa staničnim ekstraktom NmNeuS enzima i s njegovim pročišćenim oblikom, zaključeno je da je pročišćeni enzim specifičniji prema supstratima nego stanični ekstrakt NmNeuS enzima.Enzymes are biocatalysts that exhibit numerous advantages over chemical catalysts. Despite this, enzymes face limitations in industrial applications, which is why efforts are made to modify and improve them using enzyme engineering techniques. One of the key reactions for which enzymes are being modified is the synthesis of carbon-carbon bonds. Aldol condensation is the most common method for the synthesis of these bonds, and this reaction is catalyzed by enzymes called aldolases. N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase (NeuS) is a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent aldolase that catalyzes the synthesis of N-acetylneuraminic acid (Neu5Ac). Neu5Ac belongs to the family of sialic acids, which have various functions in physiological processes. In this study, the activity of analogs of N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase was tested on sugars L-arabinose, D-galactose, D-lactose, D-lyxose,
D-(+)-mannose, and D-(+)-xylose as substrates. The analogs of N-acetylneuraminic acid synthase used were the artificially obtained PNH3, PNH6, PNH11 and PNH17 enzymes, as well as the NmNeuS enzyme from the bacterium Neisseria meningitidis (Nm). The activity of these enzymes was tested using initial reaction rates by monitoring the concentrations of reactants and reaction products over time using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and the substrate conversions and reaction yields were calculated from the collected experimental data. Based on the results obtained, it was concluded that the PNH3 and PNH6 enzymes have greater activity towards hexoses (D-galactose, D-(+)-mannose) as substrates than towards pentoses (L-arabinose, D-lyxose). In the case of the NmNeuS cell extract, the reverse was true. NmNeuS showed the highest values of conversion and yield for all substrates. By comparing the yields of reactions catalyzed by the NmNeuS cell extract enzyme with its purified form, it was concluded that the purified enzyme is more specific towards substrates than the NmNeuS cell extract enzyme
Life cycle assessment of a poly(ethylene terephtalate) bottle
No full textU ovome radu provedena je komparativna analiza procjene životnog ciklusa PET boca proizvedenih od primarnih i recikliranih materijala korištenjem Brightway2 paketa. Analiza usvaja pristup od kolijevke do vrata, s naglaskom na procjenu okolišnih utjecaja povezanih s fazama proizvodnje do trenutka kada su boce spremne za punjenje. Ključne kategorije utjecaja, uključujući cjelokupno zdravlje ljudi te klimatske promjene, procijenjene su korištenjem metoda dostupnih u Brightway2. Baza podataka korištena u radu formirana je prikupljanjem podataka iz različitih dostupnih izvora te su podaci pažljivo odabrani, organizirani i uneseni u bazu kako bi se osigurala točnost i korisnost za specifične potrebe analize. Rezultati pokazuju mogućnost smanjenja utjecaja na okoliš i ljudsko zdravlje proizvodnjom poli(etilen-tereftalata) iz recikliranog materijala. Zaključno, ova studija pruža važne rezultate o okolišnim prednostima uporabe recikliranog poli(etilen-tereftalata) te nudi vrijedne smjernice za daljnje provedbe procjena cjeloživotnih ciklusa. Rezultati dobiveni u okviru ove studije dodatno podržavaju inicijative za povećanje recikliranja i smanjenje upotrebe primarnih resursa u industriji ambalaže.In this study, a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) analysis of PET bottles produced from both virgin and recycled materials was conducted using the Brightway2 software package. The analysis utilized a cradle-to-gate approach, with a focus on evaluating the environmental impacts associated with the production stages up to the point where the bottles are ready for filling. Key impact categories, including overall human health and climate change, were assessed using methods available within Brightway2. The database used in this study was compiled by collecting data from various available sources, and the data were carefully selected, organized, and entered into the database to ensure accuracy and relevance to the specific needs of the analysis. The results demonstrate the potential to reduce environmental and human health impacts through the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) from recycled materials. In conclusion, this study provides important insights into the environmental benefits of using recycled PET and offers valuable guidance for further life cycle assessments. The results obtained in this study further support initiatives to increase recycling and reduce the use of virgin resources in the packaging industry
Mineralogical characteristics of the Miocene deposits near Voćin
No full textNa temelju snimljenog detaljnog geološkog stupa te laboratorijskih analiza uzoraka, utvrđeno je da se osamnaestak metara debeli slijed naslaga na stupu Daljinac-I sastoji od pet različitih litofacija: lapora (F1), biokalkarenita/biokalcirudita (F2), gline (F3), pijeska i pješčenjaka (F4), i pločastog vapnenca (F5). Lapor (F1) iz donjeg dijela profila je bijele boje, masivnog izgleda i bogat mikrofoslinom zajednicom foraminifera, iz središnjeg dijela stupa je sivo ili hrđastosmeđe obojen s jasno izraženom horizontalnom laminacijom i siromašan foraminiferama, dok je lapor iz gornjeg dijela stupa svijetložute ili sive boje, masivnog izgleda i sadrži mikrofosilnu zajednicu ostrakoda. Biokalkareniti/biokalciruditi (F2) se pojavljuju u donjem dijelu profila u obliku slojeva centimetarsko-decimetarskih debljina, a sastoje se fosilnog kršja mekušaca, crvenih algi, mahovnjaka, ježinaca i foraminifera. Facijes glina (F3) debljine je tridesetak centimetara, a pretežito je sastavljen od smektitne gline koja vjerojatno predstavlja alteracijski produkt piroklastičnog materijala. Facijes pijeska i pješčenjaka pojavljuje se u središnjem dijelu stupa u obliku centimetarskih slojeva unutar facijesa lapora. Pješčenjaci su određeni kao grauvake, dok je pijesak loše sortiran i mjestimice koso uslojen. Sastav detritusa ukazuje na porijeklo materijala iz magmatskih i metamofnih stijena jezgre Papuka koje pripadaju podlozi Panonskog bazena. Pločasti vapnenci (F5) iz gornjeg dijela stupa su bijele ili svjetložute boje, sadrže ostatke fosilnih mekušaca i ostrakode koji indiciraju taloženje u litoralnom-sublitoralnom dijelu brakičnog jezera. Litološke značajke, fosilni sadržaj i vertikalni raspored facijesa na stupu Daljinac ukazuje da je taloženje naslaga započelo krajem badena u plitkom marinskom okolišu i bilo je praćeno slabim vulkanizmom. Kontinuirano se nastavilo i tijekom sarmata kada su uvjeti za život marinskih organizama bili znatno nepovoljniji, a završilo u ranom panonu u plitkom boćatom jezerskom okolišu. Svega osamnaest metara debeli slijed naslaga zabilježio je ključne transformacije okoliša u Sjevernohrvatskom bazenu, od plitkog marinskog okoliša Središnjeg Paratethysa u srednjem miocenu do bočatog okoliša Panonskog jezera u kasnom miocenu.Based on the recorded detailed geological column and laboratory analysis of samples, it has been determined that the sequence of layers, about eighteen meters thick in the Daljinac-I column, consists of five different lithofacies: limestone (F1), biocalcarenite/biocalcirudite (F2), clay (F3), sandstone (F4), and platy limestone (F5). The limestone (F1) from the lower part of the profile is white, massive in appearance, and rich in a microfossil community of foraminifera. In the central part of the column, it is gray or rust-brown with well-defined horizontal lamination and poor in foraminifera, while the limestone from the upper part of the column is light yellow or gray, massive in appearance, and contains a microfossil community of ostracods. Biocalcarenites/biocalcirudites (F2) appear in the lower part of the profile as layers of centimeter-to-decimeter thickness and consist of fossilized fragments of mollusks, red algae, bryozoans, echinoids, and foraminifera. The clay facies (F3) is about thirty centimeters thick and consists mainly of smectitic clay, which likely represents an alteration product of pyroclastic material. The sandstone facies (F4) appears in the central part of the column as centimeter-thick layers within the limestone facies. The sandstones are identified as graywackes, while the sand is poorly sorted and occasionally cross-bedded. The detrital composition suggests a provenance from the magmatic and metamorphic rocks of the Papuk core belonging to the basement of the Pannonian Basin. The platy limestones (F5) from the upper part of the column are white or light yellow and contain remains of fossilized mollusks and ostracods, indicating deposition in the littoral-sublittoral part of a brackish lake. The lithological features, fossil content, and vertical arrangement of facies in the Daljinac column indicate that sedimentation of the layers began in the late Badenian in a shallow marine environment and was accompanied by weak volcanism. It continued continuously during the Sarmatian when the conditions for marine life were significantly unfavorable, and ended in the early Pannonian in a shallow, lagoon-like lake environment. The eighteen-meter-thick sequence of layers recorded key environmental transformations in the North Croatian Basin, from the shallow marine environment of the Central Paratethys in the middle Miocene to the lagoon environment of the Pannonian Lake in the late Miocene
Zinc and manganese in encapsulated food supplements for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases
No full textU današnje vrijeme raste uporaba dodataka prehrani za liječenje upalnih bolesti crijeva koji sadrže
justiciju, kurkumu i indijski tamjanovac. S obzirom na važnost određivanja kvalitete dodataka
prehrani, cilj ovog rada bio je odrediti koncentracije mangana i cinka u kapsuliranim dodacima
prehrani te usporediti njihov sadržaj između tvrdih i mekih kapsula. Koncentracije cinka i mangana
analizirane su metodom atomske apsorpcijske spektrometrije, korištene su plamena i grafitna
tehnika. Uzorci su prethodno pripremljeni mikrovalnom digestijom radi osiguravanja homogenosti
uzorka i preciznosti analize. Dobiveni rezultati pokazali su da su koncentracije cinka i mangana
unutar dozvoljenih granica propisanih međunarodnim smjernicama. Uočeno je da su koncentracije
mangana više u kapsulama koje sadrže usitnjenu biljnu drogu, dok su koncentracije cinka značajno
više u mekim kapsulama. Zaključeno je da uzorci ispunjavaju sigurnosne standarde te da su prikladni
za uporabu u terapiji upalnih bolesti crijeva.Nowadays, the use of dietary supplements containing Justicia, turmeric, and Indian frankincense for
treating inflammatory bowel diseases is increasing. Given the importance of determining the quality
of dietary supplements, the aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of manganese and
zinc in encapsulated dietary supplements and to compare their content between different types of
capsules. Zinc and manganese concentrations were analyzed using atomic absorption spectrometry,
employing flame and graphite techniques. Samples were pre-treated with microwave digestion to
ensure homogeneity and accuracy of the analysis. The results showed that zinc and manganese
concentrations were within the permissible limits set by international guidelines. It was observed
that manganese concentrations were higher in capsules containing ground plant material, while zinc
concentrations were significantly higher in soft capsules. It was concluded that the samples meet
safety standards and are suitable for use in the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases