Repository of Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek
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The association of disorders of the musculoskeletal system with work in the outpatient medical service
No full textCilj istraživanja: Ispitati učestalost poremećaja mišićnog-koštanog sustava kod zaposlenika izvanbolničke hitne medicinske službe i ispitati povezanost poremećaja mišićno-koštanog sustava s uvjetima rada, demografskim varijablama i dobi ispitanika u posljednjih 12 mjeseci.
Nacrt studije: Presječna studija.
Ispitanici i metode: Ispitanici su djelatnici Zavoda za hitnu medicinu Vukovarsko-srijemske županije. Ukupno je sudjelovalo 76 ispitanika. Korišten je anketni upitnik kreiran u svrhu istraživanja koji se sastojao od tri dijela. Za ispunjavanje upitnika bilo je potrebno 10 minuta. Istraživanje je anonimno, dobrovoljno i odobreno od Etičkog povjerenstva.
Rezultati: Poremećaji mišićno-koštanog sustava su čest uzrok korištenja bolovanja i terapije za bol i značajno ograničavaju rad djelatnika izvanbolničke hitne medicinske pomoći u svim uvjetima. Najčešće se javljaju u području donjeg dijela leđa, nakon izvođenja tjelesne aktivnosti visokog intenziteta, saginjanja, premještanja pacijenta s kreveta na nosila i do nosila korištenjem kardiološke stolice. Učestalost poremećaja je veća kod žena, djelatnika sa srednjom školom i dispečera. Veća životna dob i dulji radni staž povezani su s povećanom učestalošću poremećaja mišićno-koštanog sustava.
Zaključak: Potrebno je planirati i implementirati strategije prevencije mišićno-koštanih poremećaja u okviru djelatnosti izvanbolničke hitne medicinske službe te osigurati opremu u skladu s ergonomskim zahtjevima radnog mjesta.Research Objective: To examine the prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders among employees of out-of-hospital emergency medical services and to investigate the association of musculoskeletal disorders with working conditions, demographic variables, and the age of respondents in the past 12 months.
Study Design: Cross-sectional study.
Respondents and Methods: The respondents were employees of the Vukovar-Srijem County Emergency Medical Services. A total of 76 respondents participated. A survey questionnaire created for the purpose of the research was used, consisting of three parts. The completion of the questionnaire took 10 minutes. The research was anonymous, voluntary, and approved by the Ethics Committee.
Results: Musculoskeletal disorders are a common cause of sick leave and pain therapy, significantly limiting the work of out-of-hospital emergency medical services employees under all conditions. These disorders most frequently occur in the lower back area, following high-intensity physical activity, bending, transferring patients from the bed to the stretcher, and using a cardiological chair. The prevalence of these disorders is higher among women, employees with secondary education, and dispatchers. Older age and longer work experience are associated with an increased prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders.
Conclusion: It is necessary to plan and implement strategies for the prevention of musculoskeletal disorders within the out-of-hospital emergency medical services and to ensure equipment that meets the ergonomic requirements of the workplace
Microplastics in Foods and Beverages
No full textMikroplastika se danas detektira u gotovo svim proizvodima, a posebnu prijetnju predstavljaju u hrani i piću koje svakodnevno unosimo u organizam. Mikroplastične čestice se mogu detektirati raznim tehnikama koje će biti opisane u ovom radu. Također, dat će se osvrt u kojim sve prehrambenim proizvodima može biti prisutna mikroplastika, te koje su moguće posljedice unosa mikroplastičnih čestica u organizam.Today, microplastics are detected in almost all products, and they pose a particular threat in the food and drink that we consume every day. Microplastic particles can be detected by various techniques that will be described in this paper. In addition, an overview will be given of which food products may contain microplastics, and what are the possible consequences of the introduction of microplastic particles into the body
Involute and Evolute of a Curve
No full textU ovom završnom radu proučit ćemo involutu i evolutu krivulja.Evoluta krivulje je krivulja koja se sastoji od središta zakrivljenosti svih točaka zadane krivulje, dok se involutom (ili evolventom) krivulje zove ona krivulja za koju je polazna krivulja njezina evoluta. Takve krivulje imaju i svoju primjenu, prvenstveno pri izradi zupčanika.U radu su navedeni primjeri krivulja i njihovih involuta s grafičkim prikazima izradenim pomoću programa Wolfram Mathematica.In this paper we study the theory of involutes and evolutes of curves. The evolute of a curve is a curve consisting of the center of curvature of all points of a given curve, while the involute of a curve is the curve for which the starting curve is its evolute. Such curves also have their application, primarily in the manufacture of gears. In paper are listed some examples of curves and their involutes with graphic representations that were created using the Wolfram Mathematica program
Professional communication of nurses in the outpatient service
No full textCilj istraživanja: Ispitati razinu znanja i mišljenje medicinskih sestara o profesionalnoj
komunikaciji, ispitati postoje li razlike u znanju i mišljenju medicinskih sestara o
profesionalnoj komunikaciji u odnosu na dob, stupanj obrazovanja i radni staž
Nacrt istraživanja: Presječno istraživanje
Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanje je uključeno 60 ispitanika, medicinskih sestara/tehničara
zaposlenih u Domu zdravlja Osječko-baranjske županije, u patronažnoj službi. Prvostupnika
je bilo 32 (53 %), magistri sestrinsva 27 (45 %) i diplomiranih medicinska sestara/tehničara
1(2 %).
Za potrebe ovog istraživanja načinjen je upitnik koji je autor kreirano, a koji se sastoji iz triju
dijelova. Prvi dio čine demografski podatci. Drugi dio sastoji se od trideset tvrdnji na koje su
ispitanici trebali zaokružiti T (točno) ili N (netočno), ako se s tvrdnjom ne slažu. Treći dio
upitnika sastoji se od pet tvrdnji na koje su ispitanici trebali odgovoriti, u kojoj mjeri se slažu
ili ne slažu s pojedinom tvrdnjom.
Rezultati: U istraživanju najviše je ispitanika ženskog spola 59 (98 %), u dobi od 31 do 45
godina, prema mjestu rada 25 (42%) ih radi u gradu. Medijan broja točnih odgovora o
procjeni znanja o komunikaciji je 24 (interkvartalni raspon 23-25) u rasponu od najmanje 18
do najviše 27 dočnih odgovora. Nema značajnih razlika u znanju ispitanika o komunikaciji s
obzirom na obilježja ispitanika. Magistre, u odnosu na prvostupnice, procijenile su više da
nisu dovoljno educirane za komunikaciju sa specifičnim skupinama pacijenata P = 0,04.
Zaključak: Da bi se profesionalna komunikacija poboljšala u radu medicinskih sestra
potrebna su stručna obrazovanja o komunikaciji, potrebno je provoditi redovite tečajeve za
sve zdravstveno osoblje koje je uključeno u skrb za pacijenta.Aim of the research: To examine the level of knowledge and opinion of nurses about
professional communication, to examine whether there are differences in knowledge and
opinion of nurses about professional communication in relation to age, level of education and
work experience
Research design: Cross-sectional study
Respondents and methods: The research included 60 respondents, nurses/technicians
employed in the Osijek-Baranja County Health Center, in the patronage service. There were
32 (53 %) bachelor's degree holders, 27 (45 %) master's degrees in nursing and 1 (2 %)
graduate nurses/technicians.
For the purposes of this research, a questionnaire was created by the author, which consists of
three parts. The first part consists of demographic data. The second part consists of thirty
statements to which respondents should have circled T (true) or N (false), if they disagree
with the statement. The third part of the questionnaire consists of five statements to which
respondents had to answer, to what extent they agree or disagree with a particular statement.
Results: In the research, the majority of respondents were female, 59 (98%), aged 31 to 45,
according to their place of work, 25 (42%) of them work in the city. The median number of
correct answers on the assessment of communication knowledge is 24 (interquartile range 23-
25) ranging from a minimum of 18 to a maximum of 27 correct answers. There are no
significant differences in the respondents' knowledge of communication with regard to the
characteristics of the respondents. Master's degrees, compared to bachelor's degrees,
estimated more that they are not sufficiently educated to communicate with specific groups of
patients p = 0.04.
Conclusion: In order to improve professional communication in the work of nurses,
professional education on communication is needed, it is necessary to conduct regular courses
for all health personnel involved in patient care
Continued Fractions And Some Applications
No full textPrvi put spominjani i uvedeni još u 17. stoljeću, verižni razlomci su brzo pronašli svoju uporabu u kompleksnom svijetu matematike. Definiraju se kao funkcije oblika:
Verižne razlomke dijelimo na konačne i beskonačne. Konačni verižni razlomci su dani kao razvoj racionalnih brojeva u verižni razlomak i oni se mogu zapisati na točno dva načina, s parnim ili neparnim brojem članova. Pokazali smo neka svojstva konačnih verižnih razlomaka, primjerice da se članovi dobivaju rekurzivno. Ako bismo verižni razlomak gledali do nekog člana, npr. , k ∈ N, onda izraz nazivamo k-ta konvergenta od
. Konvergenta verižnog razlomka ima brojne primjene, primjerice kod rješavanja linearnih diofantskih jednadžbi i kod aproksimacije iracionalnih brojeva. Beskonačni verižni razlomci su verižni razlomci oblika . Pokazali smo da se svaki iracionalni broj može zapisati u obliku beskonačnog verižnog
razlomka i da je taj zapis jedinstven, a nakon toga smo pokazali neka njegova svojstva. Uveli smo pojam periodskog verižnog razlomka, vrsta beskonačnog verižnog razlomka kod kojeg se nakon nekog člana, niz prethodnih članova ponavlja u
pravilnim intervalima, te smo pokazali povezanost kvadratne iracionalnosti, rješenja kvadratne jednadžbe oblika , i periodskog verižnog razlomka.
Na kraju smo se bavili primjenama verižnih razlomaka, odnosno Pellovom jednadžbom i linearnom diofantskom jednadžbom oblika , za a, b ∈ Z, b > 0,(a, b) = 1, koja je usko povezana s konvergentama verižnog razlomka.First mentioned and introduced as early as the 17th century, continued fractions
quickly found their utility in the complex realm of mathematics. They are defined
as functions of the form: .
We divide continued fractions into finite and infinite. Finite continued fractions are given as the expansion of rational numbers into continued fractions, and they can be written in exactly two ways, with an even or odd number of terms. We
have shown some properties of finite continued fractions, for example, that the terms are obtained recursively.
If we were to consider the continued fraction up to a certain term, for example, ak
, k ∈ N, then the expression is called the
k-th convergent of . Convergents of continued fractions have numerous applications, such as in solving linear Diophantine equations and in approximating irrational numbers.
Infinite continued fractions are continued fractions of the form
We have shown that every irrational number can be represented as an infinite continued fraction, and this representation is unique. Afterward, we demonstrated some of its properties. We have introduced the concept of a periodic continued
fraction, a type of infinite continued fraction where, after a certain term, the sequence of previous terms repeats at regular intervals. Additionally, we showed the connection between quadratic irrationalities, solutions of quadratic equations of
the form , and periodic continued fractions. Finally, we explored the applications of continued fractions, namely the Pell equation and the linear Diophantine equation of the form
, where a, b ∈ Z, b > 0, (a, b) = 1, which is closely related to convergents of continued fraction
Comparative assessment of dental and skeletal maturity in childrenof pre-pubescent and pubertal age in Osijek-Baranja County
No full textCilj istraživanja: Cilj je ovog istraživanja usporediti skeletnu i dentalnu dob u djece predpubertetske i pubertetske dobi u Osječko-baranjskoj županiji. Uspoređivanje je podrazumijevalo procjenu sazrijevanja cervikalne kralježnice i analizu stupnja kalcifikacije zuba.
Nacrt studije: Retrospektivno istraživanje provedeno je u specijalističkoj ordinaciji Doma zdravlja Osječko-baranjske županije.
Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanju su uključene rendgenske snimke djece predpubertetske i pubertetske dobi odabranih u specijalističkoj ordinaciji Doma zdravlja Osječko-baranjske županije. Uzorak je obuhvaćao 50 ispitanika (25 muškog spola i 25 ženskog spola) prosječne dobi 12 (raspon 10-14 godina). Dentalna je dob procijenjena pomoću ortopantomograma metodi po Carmen Nolli. Sazrijevanje cervikalnih kralježaka određeno je latero-lateralnim kefalogramom koristeći stadije sazrijevanja cervikalnih kralježaka (CVS).
Rezultati: Provedeno istraživanje na 50 ispitanika od kojih je 25 (50%) ženskog i 25 (50%) muškog spola. Značajna je razlika u podjeli ispitanika prema dentalnoj i skeletnoj dobi u skupini ispitanika muškog spola. 12 % ispitanika s dentalnom dobi od 10 godina, dok se po skeletnoj dobi CS1 bilježi kod 8 (32 %) ispitanika (Test marginalne homogenosti, P < 0,001). U skupini ispitanika ženskog spola, nema značajnih razlika u podjeli prema skeletnoj dobi u odnosu na dentalnu dob.
Zaključak: Određivanje dentalne i skeletne dobi važno je za postavljanje ispravne ortodontske dijagnoze te njeno planiranje. Za dobar plan terapije važno je znati je li dijete blizu vrhunca pubertetskog rasta. Terapija modifikacije rasta u gornjoj čeljusti treba započeti prije vrhunca pubertetskog rasta, dok je terapija u donjoj čeljusti uspješnija nakon vrhunca pubertetskog rasta.Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the skeletal and dental ages in prepubescent and pubescent children in the Osijek-Baranja County. This comparison involves assessing the maturation of the cervical spine and analysing the degree of tooth calcification.
Study Plan: This retrospective study was conducted in the specialised clinic of the Health Centre of Osijek-Baranja County.
Participants and Methodology: The study included X-ray images of prepubescent and pubescent children selected at the specialised clinic of the Health Centre of Osijek-Baranja County. The sample consisted of 50 participants (25 males and 25 females) with an average age of 12 years (range 10-14 years). Dental age was assessed using orthopantomograms according to the method by Carmen Nolli. Cervical vertebrae maturation was determined using lateral cephalograms and the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages.
Results: The study involved 50 participants, equally divided between males and females. A significant difference was observed in the distribution of participants according to dental and skeletal ages in the male group. Specifically, 12% of participants had a dental age of 10 years, while skeletal age CS1 was recorded in 8 (32%) participants (Marginal Homogeneity Test, P < 0.001). In the female group, there were no significant differences in the distribution according to skeletal age compared to dental age.
Conclusion: Determining dental and skeletal age is crucial for accurate orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. It is important to know if the child is close to the peak of pubertal growth for effective therapy planning. Growth modification therapy in the maxilla should begin before the peak of pubertal growth, while mandibular therapy is more successful after the peak of pubertal growth
Comparison of machine learning models for wound tissue classification
No full textProces zacjeljivanja kroničnih rana često je iz nekog razloga usporen, te one
zahtijevaju poseban medicinski tretman. Shodno tome, praćenje procesa zacjeljivanja predstavlja
značajan korak pri određivanju optimalne terapije za tretiranje kroničnih rana. Napredak u području
strojnog učenja i računalnog vida ostvario je mogućnosti razvoja metoda za analizu rana koje bi mogle
točno odrediti vrste prisutnih tkiva i pratiti zacjeljivanje, čime se ovaj rad bavi. Ovo istraživanje bilo je
usmjereno na razvoj i evaluaciju modela strojnog učenja za zadatak semantičke segmentacije tkiva
kroničnih rana. Odabrano je osam različitih arhitektura neuronskih mreža, pri čemu je svaka uparena s
jednom od četiri korištene funkcije gubitka. Proces učenja proveden je za svaku arhitekturu, nakon čega
su modeli evaluirani na testnom skupu podataka. Nakon evaluacije provedena je statistička analiza
rezultata kako bi se utvrdilo postoje li i statistički značajne razlike među modelima.The healing process of chronic wounds is often disrupted for a variety of reasons, and they
require special medical treatment. Therefore, monitoring the healing process is a significant step in
recognizing and addressing potential problems and creating an appropriate treatment plan.
Improvement of machine learning and computer vision enabled the development of methods for wound
analysis that would be able to precisely detect types of tissues within the wound and monitor the
healing process, which is what this paper deals with. This research focused on the development and
evaluation of machine learning models for the semantic segmentation of chronic wound tissue. Eight
different neural network architectures were selected, each paired with one of the four loss functions. A
training process was carried out for each architecture and then evaluated on a test set. Following that,
statistical analysis was conducted to determine whether there were significant differences between the
models
Calculation of velocities using projections of displacements and rigid body dynamics
No full textOvaj završni rad istražuje ključne aspekte kinematike i dinamike, dva osnovna područja u okviru mehanike. Kinematika se bavi proučavanjem gibanja tijela bez razmatranja sila koje to gibanje uzrokuju, dok se dinamika fokusira na sile i njihovo djelovanje na gibanje tijela.U prvom dijelu završnog rada treba odrediti kutne brzine tijela te brzine točaka na nosaču. Zadatak je potrebno riješiti pomoću plana pomaka, a rješenja je potrebno kontrolirati vektorski.
Drugi dio rada bavi se dinamikom, gdje su objašnjeni Newtonovi zakoni gibanja koji čine temelj klasične mehanike. U zadatku je potrebno odrediti reakcije u prikazanom trenutku te u trenutku najveće kutne brzine. Uz smanjenje kinetičke brzine potrebno je odrediti koliko je njihaja potrebno kako bi se tijelo zaustavilo. Također, zadatak je potrebno provjeriti jednim od računalnih programa.
Kroz rad su korišteni brojni primjeri i zadaci koji ilustriraju teorijske koncepte i njihovu praktičnu primjenu. Matematičke metode korištene u analizi uključuju diferencijalne jednadžbe i integralni račun, omogućujući precizno modeliranje i rješavanje problema vezanih uz kinematiku i dinamiku.This thesis explores key aspects of kinematics and dynamics, two fundamental areas within mechanics. Kinematics deals with the study of the motion of objects without considering the forces causing that motion, while dynamics focuses on the forces and their effects on the motion of objects. In the first part of the thesis, the angular velocities of the bodies and the velocities of points on the beam need to be determined. The task must be solved using a displacement plan, and the solutions must be verified vectorially.The second part of the thesis addresses dynamics, explaining Newton's laws of motion which form the foundation of classical mechanics. The task requires determining the reactions at the given moment and at the moment of maximum angular velocity. With the reduction of kinetic velocity, it is necessary to determine how many oscillations are needed to bring the body to a stop. Additionally, the task needs to be verified using one of the computational programs.
Throughout the thesis, numerous examples and problems are used to illustrate theoretical concepts and their practical application. The mathematical methods used in the analysis include differential equations and integral calculus, enabling precise modeling and solving of problems related to kinematics and dynamic
The role of media in GMO issues in Croatia
No full textTema ovog rada su genetički modificirani usjevi i način na koji ih mediji eksponiraju točnije kako njihova percepcija utječe na javnost. U radu se genetički modificirani usjevi prikazuju kao bioetički problem upravo zbog svog utjecaja na ljudsko zdravlje, društvo i okoliš. 'Zlatna riža' koja se pojavila i predstavila kao rješenje gladi u svijetu i spas od visoke stope smrtnosti i sljepoće apsolutno nije ispunila svoja očekivanja čime je u potpunosti opravdala sumnje protivnika. U radu se spominju Monsanto, vodeća svjetska korporacija koja proizvodi genetički modificirano sjeme i njegove afere s poljoprivrednicima kojima je pod svaku cijenu htio stati na kraj. Opisan je početak bioetike u Hrvatskoj i istaknuta su tri važna dokumenta koji su ujedno obilježila početak borbe za Hrvatsku slobodnu od GMO-a. To su Apel za etičko i zakonsko uređenje, Lošinjska Deklaracije o biotičkom suverenitetu te Lošinjska izjava za Hrvatsku bez GMO-a. Navedeno je i trenutno stanje biotehnologije i genetičkog inženjerstva u Hrvatskoj, možemo li pronaći GMO proizvode na našim policama i što nalaže zakonska regulacija o proizvodnima čiji je udio GMO-a veći od 0,9%. Predstavljen je način na koji protivnici i zagovornici GMO-a putem medija oblikuju javnu percepciju. Dok protivnici naglašavaju rizik i apeliraju na oprez, zagovornici ističu prednosti GMO-a. Najveći je naglasak u radu na analiziranju tiskovnih medija Glasa Slavonije, Jutarnjeg i Večernjeg lista te 24sata s ciljem razumijevanja kako izvještavanje o GMO usjevima utječe na javnost te uzrokuje li njihova percepcija strah i nesigurnost.The topic of this paper is genetically modified crops, how the media presents them, and, more specifically, how this influences the public. The paper presents genetically modified crops as a bioethical problem precisely because they affect human health, society, and the environment. The “Golden Rice Project”, presented as a solution to world hunger and high mortality rates, did not meet the expectations and justified its opponents' suspicions. The paper mentions Monsanto, one of the world’s leading companies producing genetically modified crops, and the affairs of farmers that the company wanted to end by all means necessary. The beginnings of bioethics in Croatia are described, and three critical documents that marked the start of the battle for the Republic of Croatia, which is free of GMOs, are pointed out. The documents are the Appeal for Ethical and Legal Regulation, Lošinj Declaration on Bioethics Sovereignty, and Lošinj Statement for Croatia free of GMOs. The paper deals with the current state of biotechnology and genetic engineering in Croatia, researches if we can find GMO products on the shelves of our shops, and what is required by the law when it comes to products whose GMO content exceeds 0.9%. The way that opponents and representatives of GMOs form public opinion through the media is presented. While the opponents stress the risks and call upon caution, the representatives emphasise the advantages of GMOs. The paper focuses on the analysis of the printed media “Glas Slavonije”, “Jutarnji list”, “Večernji list”, and “24 sata” to understand how the reporting of GMO crops affects the public and if their perception causes fear and uncertainty
Language development in children and encouraging speech of early and preschool age children
No full textOvaj rad bavi se temom dječjeg jezičnog razvoja i poticanja govorno – jezičnog razvoja kod djece rane i predškolske dobi. Cilj završnog rada Dječji jezični razvoj i poticanje govorno – jezičnog razvoja kod djece rane i predškolske dobi je usmjeren na razumijevanje i poticanje optimalnog govorno – jezičnog razvoja kod djece rane i predškolske dobi. Promatrat će se dječji jezični razvoj, a pozornost će biti usmjerena na poticanje govorno – jezičnog razvoja kod djece. U radu će se najprije obraditi početak i razvoj govora i jezika te razdoblja i govorno – jezična funkcija. Najviše pozornosti bit će posvećeno poticanju govorno – jezičnog razvoja. Također, promatrat će se i na koje načine, odnosno pomoću čega, potičemo govorno – jezični razvoj.This paper addresses the topic of children's language development and the promotion of speech and language development in early and preschool-aged children. The aim of the final paper, "Children's Language Development and the Promotion of Speech and Language Development in Early and Preschool-aged Children," is focused on understanding and fostering optimal speech and language development in early and preschool-aged children. The study will examine children's language development, with attention directed towards promoting speech and language development in children. The paper will first cover the beginnings and development of speech and language, including the stages and functions of speech and language development. The primary focus will be on promoting speech and language development. Additionally, it will explore the ways and means through which speech and language development can be encouraged