Repository of Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek
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Assessment of picky eating in preschool children aged 2 to 5 years
No full textDjeca koja su hranjena adekvatnom, nutritivno bogatom i kvalitetnom hranom, koja su hranjena pozitivnim pristupom i u pravo vrijeme u svom razvoju imaju bolje šanse za rastu, razvoj stjecanje novih znanja. Međutim, mnogi roditelji suočavaju se s problemima prilikom hranjenja. Kod male djece u dobi 2 do 5 godina među najizraženijim problemima su neofobija i izbirljivost. Cilj ovog rada bio je procijeniti zastupljenost izbirljivosti u predškolske djece dobi između 2 i 5 godina. Istraživanje je provedeno kao presječno, a obuhvaćeno je ukupno 80 ispitanika. Prikupljanje podataka provedeno je primjenom jednokratnog anonimnog upitnika preko javno dostupnog servisa (Google forms) na koji je poveznica distribuirana putem društvenih mreža koje uključuju roditelje djece promatrane dobi. Rezultati istraživanja pokazuju da 46,3 % (37/80) djece obuhvaćene istraživanjem pokazuje znakove izbirljivosti pri čemu njih 35,0 % (28/80) pokazuje srednji stupanj izbirljivosti, a njih 11,3 % (9/80) visok stupanj izbirljivosti. Od pojedinačnih elemenata uočava se najveća zastupljenost neofobije (47/80; 58,8 %), a potom izbacivanja prethodno uvedenih namirnica (33/80; 41,3 %) i monotonost prehrane (30/80; 37,5 %).Children who are fed enough with right foods, in the right way, and at the right time in their development, are more likely to survive, grow, develop and learn. At the same time, many parents report various challenges during feeding. In preschool children of age between 2 and 5 years neophobia and picky/fuzzy eating are among most present challenges. The aim of this study was to estimate picky/fuzzy eating in a population of preschool children of age between 2 and 5 years. Cross-sectional study encompassed 80 participants. Data were collected via an on-line anonymous questionnaire created in Google forms and shared via social network groups that include parents of pre-schoolers. Study results revealed that 46.3% (37/80) children that have participated in the study show picky/fuzzy eating behaviour; 35.0% (28/80) of them show moderate level of picky/fuzzy eating while 11.3% (9/80) show high level of picky/fuzzy eating. Among all picky/fuzzy eating elements the higher presence was reported for the neophobia (47/80; 58.8%), followed by refusal of previously introduced foods (33/80; 41.3%) and monotonous diet (30/80; 37.5%)
Why Students Cheat During Their Studies: A Qualitative Study
No full textOvo istraživanje provedeno je u svrhu otkrivanja razloga i motiva zbog kojih studenti pribjegavaju akademskom nepoštenju tijekom studija. Cilj je bio istražiti specifične čimbenike koji potiču varanje među studentima, s posebnim naglaskom na osobne i institucionalne aspekte. Za potrebe istraživanja primijenjena je metoda fokus grupa, koja omogućuje dubinski uvid u stavove i motive sudionika kroz grupnu interakciju. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo ukupno 13 studenata Sveučilišta Josipa Jurja Strossmayera u Osijeku, od kojih je pet bilo muškog, a osam ženskog spola. Sudjelovali su studenti s različitih sastavnica sveučilišta kako bi se osigurala raznolikost, a razgovori su provedeni u dvije fokus grupe. Tijekom sesija sudionici su slobodno izražavali mišljenja na temelju otvorenih i nesugestivnih pitanja, što je omogućilo prikupljanje bogatih kvalitativnih podataka. Rezultati su pokazali da studenti kao ključne razloge za akademsko nepoštenje navode neorganizirane kolegije, nedostatak kazni za neprihvatljiva ponašanja, dostupnost tehnologije i nepoštene kriterije unutar obrazovnog sustava. Osim toga, sudionici su istaknuli da nedostatak literature, pritisak na studente, nebriga profesora i generacijski prijenos „kulture varanja“ dodatno olakšavaju ili motiviraju varanje. Od osobnih razloga sudionici navode lijenost, adrenalin te doživljaj varanja kao "snalaženja," što je često povezano s iskustvima iz ranijih faza obrazovanja. Ovo istraživanje pruža uvid u percepcije studenata o akademskom nepoštenju, ističući složenost i višedimenzionalnost ove pojave. Dobiveni rezultati mogu poslužiti kao smjernica za razvoj preventivnih programa i politika na razini institucija, s ciljem smanjenja učestalosti varanja te poticanja etički ispravnog ponašanja među studentima.This study focuses on understanding the reasons and motivations behind students' engagement in academic dishonesty during their studies. The objective was to explore specific factors that drive cheating among students, with a particular emphasis on personal and institutional, aspects. The research employed the focus group method, which allows for an in-depth exploration of participants' attitudes and motivations through group interaction. A total of 13 students from the Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek participated in the study, including five males and eight females. Participants were selected from various faculties to ensure a diversity of perspectives, and the discussions were conducted in two focus groups. During the sessions, participants freely expressed their opinions in response to open and non-suggestive questions, facilitating the collection of rich qualitative data. The findings revealed that key reasons for academic dishonesty include unorganized courses, lack of penalties, the availability of technology, and unfair criteria within the educational system. Additionally, participants highlighted that the absence of literature, pressure on students, lack of professor involvement, and the generational transmission of a "cheating culture" further enable or motivate dishonest behaviors. Personal reasons such as laziness, adrenaline, and perceiving cheating as "resourcefulness" were also frequently mentioned, often tied to experiences from earlier stages of education. This study provides insights into students' perceptions of academic dishonesty, emphasizing the complexity and multidimensional nature of this phenomenon. The results can serve as a guideline for developing institutional-level preventive programs and policies aimed at reducing the prevalence of cheating and fostering ethical behavior among students
ANTIFUNGAL EFFECT OF QUATERNARY PYRIDINIUM COMPOUNDS ON PHYTOPATHOGENIC POLYPHAGOUS FUNGI OF THE GENERA FUSARIUM, BOTRYOTINIA, AND SCLEROTINIA
No full textBiljne bolesti uzrokovane rodovima Fusarium, Botryotinia i Sclerotinia značajno smanjuju prinose i kvalitetu usjeva. Njihova otpornost i patogenost čine kontrolu izazovnom. Kvaterne piridinijeve soli, odnosno nikotinamidni i izonikotinamidni derivati, manje su toksični i štetni za okoliš od komercijalnih fungicida. Cilj istraživanja bio je ispitati antifungalno djelovanje kvaternih piridinijevih spojeva na F. oxysporum, F. culmorum, S. sclerotiorum i B. cinerea. U in vitro uvjetima analizirano je djelovanje na porast micelija, vijabilnost konidija/sklerocija i rast kličnih cijevi pri koncentracijama od 10 i 100 μg/mL. Rezultati in vitro istraživanja pokazali su značajno bolje antifungalno djelovanje na porast micelija S. sclerotiorum, F. oxysporum i B. cinerea u usporedbi s kontrolom. Protiv F. culmorum 100 μg/mL bila je najučinkovitija za nikotinamidne spojeve, dok je djelovanje izonikotinamidnih spojeva bilo neovisno o koncentraciji. Analiza varijance potvrdila je statistički značajno inhibitorno djelovanje na klijavost konidija B. cinerea pri čemu su niže koncentracije (10 μg/mL) bile učinkovitije. Inhibitorno djelovanje na sklerocije S. sclerotiorum bilo je veće pri višim koncentracijama (100 μg/mL). Istraživanje je također uključivalo in vivo testove na prirodnim supstratima (mrkva, pšenica, rajčica) kako bi se ispitalo antifungalno djelovanje odabranih spojeva. In vivo testovi na rajčici i mrkvi nisu pokazali potpunu inhibiciju porasta micelija pri 100 μg/mL. Nikotinamidni derivat (12) pokazao je najbolje antifungalno djelovanje, ali bez značajne razlike od kontrole. Nikotinamidni derivati (8), (9), (10) i izonikotinamidni derivat (12) pokazali su jednako djelovanje kao komercijalni fungicid na porast micelija S. sclerotiorum i B. cinerea. F. culmorum bio je najmanje osjetljiv na sve spojeve. Kvaterne piridinijeve soli imaju potencijal za razvoj ekološki prihvatljivijih fungicida što zahtijeva daljnje istraživanje i optimizaciju.Plant diseases caused by the genera Fusarium, Botryotinia, and Sclerotinia significantly reduce crop yields and quality. Their resistance and pathogenicity make control challenging. Quaternary pyridinium salts, including nicotinamide and isonicotinamide derivatives, are less toxic and environmentally harmful than commercial fungicides. This study investigated the antifungal activity of quaternary pyridinium compounds against F. oxysporum, F. culmorum, S. sclerotiorum, and B. cinerea. The effects on mycelial growth, conidial/sclerotial viability, and germ tube development were evaluated in vitro at 10 and 100 μg/ml.μg/ml. The results showed significantly better antifungal activity on S. sclerotiorum, F. oxysporum, and B. cinerea than the control. For F. culmorum, nicotinamide compounds at 100 μg/mL exhibited the highest efficacy, whereas isonicotinamide compounds showed concentration-independent effects. Similarly, analysis of variance confirmed a statistically significant inhibition of B. cinerea conidial germination, with 10 μg/mL proving more effective. Higher concentrations (100 μg/mL) inhibited S. sclerotiorum sclerotia better. In vivo, tests on carrots, wheat, and tomatoes did not show complete inhibition of mycelial growth at 100 μg/mL. The nicotinamide derivative (12) had the best antifungal effect but with no significant difference to the control. Nicotinamide derivatives (8), (9), (10) and isonicotinamide derivative (12) had a similar effect on mycelial growth of S. sclerotiorum and B. cinerea as commercially available fungicides, while F. culmorum was the least sensitive to all compounds. Quaternary pyridinium salts show potential as environmentally friendly fungicides that require further research and optimization
Preparation of a part of the documentation for concluding a contract on the energy renovation of a kindergarten building
No full textSve se više pažnje pridaje održivom razvoju i energetskoj učinkovitosti, naročito u javnim zgradama, gdje energetska obnova ima važnu ulogu pri smanjenju energetske potrošnje i zagađenja okoliša. U Republici Hrvatskoj mnoge predškolske ustanove smještene su u zgradama koje su energetski neučinkovite, što znatno povećava troškove održavanja i uporabe. Ulaskom u Europsku uniju Republika Hrvatska bila je prinuđena prilagoditi svoj zakonodavni okvir europskim direktivama. Istodobno, omogućeno je korištenje europskih fondova pri financiranju energetske obnove javnih zgrada. Ovo istraživanje analizira potrebe i značaj energetske obnove zgrada vrtića, kao i javne pozive kojima su se takve zgrade obnavljale kroz primjere realiziranih županijama. Naglasak je na postupku provedbe javne nabave koji osigurava transparentnost i konkurentnost ponuditelja u procesu odabira ekonomski najpovoljnije ponude. Ekonomski najpovoljnija ponuda više nije ona ponuda s najnižom cijenom, nego se u obzir pored cijene uzimaju i drugi kriteriji. U praktičnom dijelu rada provedena je detaljna analiza cijena radova, procijenjeno je trajanje projekta energetske obnove zgrade vrtića. Simuliran je proces javne nabave i određivanje ekonomski najpovoljnije ponude između tri ponude koje su dobivene varijacijom cijene materijala za +10 % i +20 %. Rezultati ovoga istraživanja doprinose boljem razumijevanju važnosti energetske obnove i utjecaja promjena cijena materijala na tržištu na troškove izvođenja radova.Increasing attention is being paid to sustainable development and energy efficiency, especially in public buildings, where energy renovation plays an important role in reducing energy consumption and environmental pollution. In the Republic of Croatia, many preschool institutions are in energy-inefficient buildings, which significantly increases maintenance and operating costs. By joining the European Union, the Republic of Croatia was forced to adapt its legislative framework to European directives. At the same time, the use of European funds in financing the energy renovation of public buildings was enabled. This research analyzes the needs and significance of energy renovation of kindergarten buildings, as well as the public calls through which these buildings were renovated through examples of implemented projects by counties. The
emphasis is on the public procurement procedure, which ensures transparency and competitiveness of bidders in the process of selecting the most economically advantageous bid. The most economically advantageous bid is no longer one with the lowest price, but other criteria are considered in addition to the price. In the practical part of the work, a detailed analysis of the prices of works was carried out and the duration of the energy renovation project of the kindergarten
building was estimated. A public procurement procedure was simulated and the most economically advantageous offer from three offers obtained by varying the material price by +10 % and +20 %. The results of this research contribute to a better understanding of the importance of energy renewal and the impact of changes in material prices on the market on the costs of works
The Influence of Solvent Choice on the Cannabinoid Content in the Macerates of Industrial Hemp Obtained by Using Ultrasound
No full textUnatoč intenzivnim istraživanjima, učinkovitost kanabinoida i sigurnost njihove primjene još uvijek nisu u potpunosti razjašnjene. Ipak, proizvodnja i upotreba pripravaka na bazi kanabidiola (CBD) bilježe značajan porast. CBD-u se pripisuju antioksidativna, protuupalna i analgetska svojstva, kao i pozitivan učinak na hidrataciju kože te smanjenje vidljivosti bora. Ulje je jedan od najčešćih oblika primjene CBD-a. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati utjecaj deset komercijalno dostupnih hladno prešanih biljnih ulja (maslinovo, suncokretovo, kokosovo, ulje avokada, bademovo, konopljino, mareličino, jojobino, arganovo, sezamovo te ulje sjemenki grožđa) kao otapala u procesu ultrazvukom potpomognute maceracije, primjenom ultrazvučne sonde, na učinkovitost ekstrakcije kanabinoida iz industrijske konoplje (Cannabis sativa L.). Kvantitativna analiza sadržaja kanabinoida provedena je primjenom tekućinske kromatografije visoke djelotvornosti s detektorom niza dioda (HPLC-DAD). Rezultati su pokazali da je najviši postotak ukupnog kanabidiola (CBD + CBDA) zabilježen u uzorku macerata s uljem avokada, u iznosu od 1,14 %. Produljena ekstrakcija ovog uzorka nije dovela do povećanja ukupnog kanabidiola, što se može pripisati zasićenju ulja.Despite extensive research, the efficacy of cannabinoids and the safety of their application remain not fully elucidated. Nevertheless, the production and use of cannabidiol (CBD)-based formulations have been experiencing a significant increase. CBD is attributed with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties, as well as a beneficial effect on skin hydration and the reduction of visible wrinkles. Oil is one of the most commonly used forms for CBD administration. The aim of this study was to examine the influence of ten commercially available cold-pressed vegetable oils (olive, sunflower, coconut, avocado, almond, hemp, apricot, jojoba, argan, sesame, and grape seed oil) as solvents in the process of ultrasound-assisted maceration using an ultrasonic probe, on the efficiency of cannabinoid extraction from industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L.). Quantitative analysis of cannabinoid content was conducted using high-performance liquid chromatography with a diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). The results of the analysis performed using HPLC-DAD indicated that the highest percentage of total cannabidiol (CBD + CBDA) was recorded in the macerate sample prepared with avocado oil, amounting to 1.14%. This sample was subsequently subjected to prolonged extraction. However, no increase in total cannabidiol content was observed, likely due to the oil reaching saturation
Public administration tasks
No full textZačetci državne uprave javljaju se u Europi u 17. stoljeću, a državna uprava kakvu danas poznajemo razvila se u 20. stoljeću s ciljem zadovoljenja općih interesa i javnih potreba. U Republici Hrvatskoj poslovi državne uprave obuhvaćaju provedbu državne politike, neposrednu provedbu zakona, inspekcijski i upravni nadzor te druge upravne i stručne poslove. Poslove državne uprave obavljaju tijela državne uprave, odnosno Ministarstva i Državne upravne organizacije. Trenutno je u Republici Hrvatskoj ustrojeno 18 ministarstava te 8 državnih upravnih organizacija. Od osamostaljenja Republike Hrvatske sustavno se provode reforme državne uprave s ciljem modernizacije i decentralizacije iste.The beginnings of public administration in Europe date back to the 17th century, and the public administration as we know it today developed in the 20th century with the goal of satisfying general interests and public needs. In the Republic of Croatia, public administration tasks include the implementation of state policy, direct enforcement of laws, inspection and administrative supervision, as well as other administrative and professional tasks. Public administration tasks are carried out by public administration bodies, i.e., Ministries and State Administrative Organizations. Currently, the Republic of Croatia has 18 ministries and 8 state administrative organizations. Since the independence of the Republic of Croatia, systematic reforms of public administration have been carried out with the aim of modernizing and decentralizing it
Administrative aspects of social care in RH
No full textGlavni cilj ovog rada biti će opisati socijalnu skrb, ali dotaknuti ćemo se i pravnog okvira socijalne skrbi kao što je analizirati upravne procese i strukturu sustava socijalne skrbi u Hrvatskoj, identificirati izazove s kojima se sustav suočava te razmotriti mogućnosti za unapređenje njegovog funkcioniranja. U ovom radu fokusirat ćemo se na upravne aspekte sustava socijalne skrbi u Hrvatskoj, kao što su pravni okvir, organizaciju sustava te postupke ostvarivanja prava i pružanja usluga. Upravni aspekti sustava su bitni za funkcioniranje, jer upravo oni omogućuju provedbu zakonskih odredbi, upravljanje resursima te osiguranje pravednosti i transparentnosti u postupcima. Cilj socijalne skrbi je pružanje pomoći socijalno ugroženim osobama, kao i osobama u nepovoljnim osobnim ili obiteljskim okolnostima, koja uključuje promicanje promjena, pomoć u zadovoljavanju osnovnih životnih potreba itd. Najviše svima onima koji se na bilo koji način osjećaju ugroženo i nemoćno. Pojasniti će se definicija važećeg Zakona o Socijalnoj skrbi i njegove bitne odredbe. Ustavom Republike Hrvatske je određeno da je RH socijalna država te kao takva mora omogućiti svojim državljanima pravo na podmirenje osnovnih životnih potreba. Jedan od ključnih aspekata Zakona je naglasak na prevenciji i integraciji korisnika u društvo, čime se teži smanjenju socijalnih razlika i promicanju jednakosti. Također, svaki korisnik ima svoja prava koja može iskoristiti. Republika Hrvatska želi suzbiti siromaštvo stvarajući ugodnije i bolje uvjete kao što su gospodarski razvoj, aktivno zapošljavanje itd. Na kraju rada su prijedlozi za unapređenje sustava socijalne skrbi u Republici Hrvatskoj.The main objective of this paper will be to describe social work, but we will also touch on the legal framework of social work, such as analyzing the administrative processes and structure of the social work system in Croatia, identifying the challenges the system faces, and considering options for improving its functioning. In this paper, we will focus on the administrative aspects of the social work system in Croatia, such as the legal framework, the organization of the system, and the procedures for exercising rights and providing services. The administrative aspects of the system are essential for its functioning, because they enable the implementation of legal provisions, resource management, and ensuring fairness and transparency in procedures. Main goal of social work is to provide assistance to socially vulnerable persons, as well as persons in unfavorable personal or family circumstances, which includes promoting change, assistance in meeting basic life needs, etc. Most of all to all those who feel threatened and powerless in any way. The definition of the current Law of Social Work and its essential provisions will be explained. The Constitution of the Republic of Croatia stipulates that the Republic of Croatia is a social state and as such must provide its citizens with the right to meet basic life needs. One of the key aspects of the Act is the emphasis on prevention and integration of beneficiaries into society, which aims to reduce social differences and promote equality. Also, each beneficiary has their own rights that they can exercise. The Republic of Croatia wants to combat poverty by creating more comfortable and better conditions such as economic development, active employment, etc. At the end of the paper are proposals for improving the social work system in the Republic of Croatia
Architectural - urban design of Retfala - south business zone
No full textPoslovna zgrada nalazi se unutar sklopa poslovnog kompleksa Retfala - jug, u južnom dijelu grada Osijeka. Urbanističkim rješenjem određena je kompozicija 8 zgrada unutar obuhvata, kroz koji je provučena modularna i dinamična konstrukcija šetnice raznolikog i bogatog sadržaja. Arhitektonsko rješenje prikazuje jednu od zgrada koja je kombinacija lamele i 2 tornja, a nalazi se na sjevernom djelu parcele. 2 tornja zamišljena su kao dvije baterije koje crpe energiju iz šetnice i njenog sadržaja i prenašaju je u javnu i transparentnu lamelu. U njima su smješteni svi poslovni i prateći sadržaji, a to se postiže otvaranjem vanjskih strana tornjeva prema van. U lameli dolazi do nakupljanja čestica koje dovode do stvaranja električnog polja - metafora za kretanja, komunikaciju te stalnu cirkulaciju kroz prostor, koja se očituje kroz stubišta, mostove, konzole... Stvaranjem dinamičnog prostora prekida se monotonija poslovne svakidašnjice te se korisnicima pruža zanimljiv prostor koji ih poziva na istraživanje i kretanje.The business building is located in the business complex Retfala - south, in the southern part of the city of Osijek. The urban design determined the composition of 8 buildings, through which a modular and dynamic construction of a promenade with a diverse and rich content was threaded. The architectural solution shows one of the buildings, which is a combination of a lamella and 2 towers, and is located in the northern part of the plot. The 2 towers are conceived as two batteries that draw energy from the promenade and its contents and transfer it to a public and transparent lamella. All business and supporting facilities are located in it. This is achieved by opening the outer sides of the towers to the outside. Particles are accumulate in the lamella, which lead to the creation of an electric field - a metaphor for movement, communication and constant circulation through space, which is manifested through staircases, bridges, consoles... By creating a dynamic space, the monotony of everyday business life is interrupted and users are provided with an nteresting space which invites them to explore and move
Public Services in Republic of Croatia with Special Emphasis on Secondary Education
No full textJavne službe djelatnosti su koje se, zbog svojeg značaja za društvenu zajednicu, podvrgavaju posebnom režimu javnog prava. Karakter javne službe određenoj djelatnosti dodjeljuje se temeljem (posebnog) zakona. Postoje različiti kriteriji za klasifikaciju javnih službi, ali s obzirom na hrvatski pravni sustav i upravnu tradiciju javne službe, možemo podijeliti u četiri skupine: javne službe u upravljanju javnim dobrima, javne službe društvenog karaktera, javne službe tehničkog karaktera i komunalne javne službe.
Srednjoškolskim obrazovanjem svakome se pod jednakim uvjetima i prema njegovim sposobnostima, nakon završetka osnovnog školovanja, omogućava stjecanje kompetencija za uključivanje na tržište rada i nastavak obrazovanja na visokim učilištima.
Djelatnost srednjoškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja obavlja se kao javna služba, a podrazumijeva opće obrazovanje i druge oblike edukacije tijekom kojih se djeca osposobljavaju za nastavak obrazovanja, život i djelovanje unutar društvenih i kulturnih okvira sukladno potrebama tržišta te trenutnog informacijskog i znanstvenog napretka. U radu je poseban naglasak stavljen na obavljanje djelatnosti srednje škole pri čemu se analiziraju uvjeti za početak rada školske ustanove, izvršitelji poslova, način zasnivanja i prestanka radnog odnosa u školi, tijela upravljanja i stručna tijela škole, sustav nadzora i financiranje srednjeg školstva.Public services are activities that, due to their importance for the social community, are subject to special regulation of public law. The character of public service is assigned to a certain activity based on the (special) law. There are different criteria for the classification of public services, but according to Croatian legal system and administrative tradition, public services can be divided into four groups: public services in management of public goods, public services of a social nature, public services of a technical nature and municipal public services.
High school education enables everyone, under equal conditions and according to their abilities, after finishing primary schooling, to acquire competencies for entering the labour market and continuing education at universities.
The activity of high school education is carried out as a public service, and includes general education and other forms of education during which children are trained to continue their education and to live and act within social and cultural frameworks in accordance with the market requirements and current informational and scientific progress. A particularly important part of the final thesis relates to the performance of high school activities, where the conditions for the start of the school institutions work, executors of work, the method of establishing and terminating employment in school, managerial and professional entities of the school, the supervision system and financing of high education is analyzed
Immobilization of Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas fluorescens lipases on eggshell membrane-based carriers
No full textLipaze su enzimi čija je primjena u odnosu na kemijske katalizatore vrlo poželjna posebno u imobiliziranom obliku. U današnje vrijeme postoje brojni nosači za imobilizaciju enzima na bazi otpada i/ili nusproizvoda poljoprivredno-prehrambene industrije, među kojima i membrane jaja. U okviru ovog doktorskog rada pripremljeni su nosači na bazi membrane jaja tretiranjem otpadne ljuske jaja s tri kiseline: 5 % klorovodičnom, 10 % octenom i 15 % o-fosfornom kiselinom. Na pripremljene nosače su primjenom tri tehnike imobilizacije (adsorpcija, kovalentno direktno i indirektno vezanje) imobilizirane lipaze iz bakterija Burkholderia cepacia i Pseudomonas fluorescens. Biokemijska i operativna svojstva imobiliziranih lipaza su pokazala pomak u pH i temperaturnom optimumu, bolju temperaturnu i skladišnu stabilnost u odnosu na slobodne lipaze te mogućnost korištenja u 10 uzastopnih ciklusa bez značajnog gubitka katalitičke aktivnosti. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata aktivnosti imobiliziranih lipaza, desorpcije te biokemijskih i operativnih svojstava odabrana je imobilizirana Burkholderia cepacia lipaza za provjeru funkcionalnosti u sintezi biodizela gdje ni 24 sata sinteze nije bilo dovoljno za sintezu udjela metilnih estera masnih kiselina propisanih pravilnikom. Provedena tehno-ekonomska analiza pripreme nosača na bazi membrane jaja i imobilizacije lipaza na iste pokazala je da ovaj pristup predstavlja ekonomski isplativu i održivu alternativu u odnosu na komercijalne nosače, kao i ekološki prihvatljivo rješenje smanjenja otpada njegovom transformacijom u vrijedne materijale.Lipases are enzymes whose use is highly desirable, especially in the immobilized form. Nowadays, there are numerous carriers for the enzyme immobilization based on waste and/or by-products of the agro-food industry, including eggshell membranes. In this thesis, eggshell membrane-based carriers were prepared by treating eggshells with three acids: 5% hydrochloric, 10% acetic and 15% o-phosphoric acid. Lipases from the bacteria Burkholderia cepacia and Pseudomonas fluorescens were immobilized on the prepared carriers using three immobilization techniques (adsorption, covalent direct and indirect binding). The biochemical and operational properties of the immobilized lipases showed a shift in pH and temperature optimum, better temperature and storage stability compared to free lipases and the reuse in 10 consecutive cycles without significant loss of catalytic activity. Based on the obtained results regarding the activity of immobilized lipases, desorption behavior, and biochemical and operational properties, immobilized Burkholderia cepacia lipase was selected for evaluation in biodiesel synthesis. However, even after 24 hours of reaction, the required fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) content specified by regulatory standards was not achieved.. The techno-economic analysis of the production of carriers based on eggshell membrane and the immobilization of lipases showed that this approach represents an economically viable and sustainable alternative to commercial carriers, as well as an environmentally friendly solution to reduce waste by converting them into valuable materials