Repository of Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek
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CULTIVAR-SPECIFIC EFFECT OF CADMIUM ON MT AND PCS GENES EXPRESSION IN SOYBEAN (Glycine max)
No full textKadmij je teški metal s još neutvrđenom pozitivnom ulogom u živom svijetu, osim kod jedne vrste morskih
dijatomejskih algi. Industrijalizacijom i primjenom fosfatnih gnojiva u poljoprivredi sve veći sadržaj kadmija
završava u tlu gdje se preko korijena biljaka dalje prenosi kroz lanac ishrane do konzumenata, uzrokujući
brojna patološka stanja. Kako bi se zaštitile od toksičnih utjecaja kadmija, biljke su razvile različite
detoksikacijske mehanizme uključujući kelaciju i kompartmentalizaciju u čijem se sustavu nalaze: tiolni
spojevi fitokelatini, enzimski produkti fitokelatin-sintaze (PCS, produkt pcs gena), te metalotioneini (produkti
mt gena). U ovom istraživanju ispitivao se utjecaj različitih koncentracija kadmija (25, 50,100 µM) na razinu
ekspresije gena pcs1, mt1, mt2, mt3 u izdanku 3 kultivara soje (Korana, Lucija, Ika) s različitom sposobnošću
akumulacije kadmija u zrnu. Tretman kadmijem značajno je utjecao na ekspresiju gena pcs1, mt1, mt2 i mt3
pri čemu je razina ekspresije, odnosno odgovor biljke, ovisio primijenjenoj koncentraciji kao i samom
kultivaru soje. Kako bi se dobio detaljniji uvid o utjecaju kadmija na biljke, važno je proučiti i ostale
detoksikacijske mehanizme angažirane u obrani biljke.Cadmium is a heavy metal with a still undetermined positive role in the living world, except in one species of
marine diatomaceous algae. With the industrialization and application of phosphate fertilizers in agriculture,
the increasing content of cadmium ends up in the soil where it is further transferred through the plant roots
and food chain to consumers, causing numerous pathological conditions. In order to protect themselves
fromthe toxic effects of cadmium, plants have developed various detoxification mechanisms, including
chelation and compartmentalization, system that includes: thiol compounds phytochelatins, enzyme products
of phytochelatine synthase (PCS, pcs gene product), and metallothioneins (mt genes products). In this study,
the impact of different concentrations of cadmium (25, 50, 100 µM) on the levels of pcs1, mt1, mt2 and mt3
gene expression in the shoot of 3 soybean cultivars (Korana, Lucija, Ika), with different ability of cadmium
accumulation in grain, was investigated. Cadmium treatment significantly affected the expression of the pcs1,
mt1, mt2 and mt3 genes, where the level of expression depended on the applied concentration as well as the
soybean cultivar itself. In order to obtain a more detailed view of the effect of cadmium on plants, itis
important to study other detoxification mechanisms engaged in plant defense
Planning as a Management Function in Change Management Conditions
No full textU uvjetima menadžmenta promjena vrlo je bitno standardizirati poslovne aktivnosti kroz optimalno planiranje kako bi se organizacije lakše prilagodile tržištu, te ga prilagođavale zajednički s ostalim funkcijama menadžmenta. Cilj ovoga rada je ukazati na važnost funkcije planiranja kao jedne od ključnih funkcija menadžmenta kroz povećanje standardizacije svih poslovnih aktivnosti u svrhu lakšeg nastupa na tržištu. U tu svrhu provedeno je online anketno ispitivanje na 3 razine menadžmenta prigodnim uzorkom 50 menadžera hrvatskih tvrtki u sva 4 sektora gospodarske djelatnosti s 11 zatvorenih pitanja podijeljenih u dvije kategorije, prva u kojoj se determiniraju osobine ispitanika i ostala u kojoj se ocjenjuju njihovi stavovi na zadanu temu. Rezultati uvelike dokazuju pretpostavke definirane sekundarnim istraživanjima i pitanjima u anketnom upitnikom, te kako organizacijske promjene, promjene unutarnje i vanjske okoline utječu na važnost planiranja u poduzeću gdje se uz ekonomsku okolinu, osobito ističe digitalizacija, i pravilno definiranje ciljeva i strategija koje utječu na veliko povećanje organizacijske fleksibilnosti. Također, bez obzira koliko je planiranje standardizirana aktivnost mnogi menadžeri su istakli kako je ono pored principijelne (usmjerene) aktivnosti uvelike i fleksibilna (koordinirano neusmjerena aktivnost).In the conditions of change management, it is very important to standardize business activities through optimal planning so that organizations can more easily adapt to the market, and adapt it together with other management functions. The aim of this work is to point out the importance of the planning function as a key management function through increasing the standardization of all business activities for the purpose of easier performance on the market. For this purpose, an online survey was conducted on 3 levels of management with a random sample of 50 managers of Croatian companies in all 4 sectors of economic activity with 11 closed questions divided into two categories, the first in which the characteristics of the respondents are determined and the other in which their attitudes to the default are evaluated topic. The results largely prove the assumptions defined by the secondary research and the questions in the survey questionnaire, and how organizational changes, changes in the internal and external environment affect the importance of planning in a company where, in addition to the economic environment, digitization is especially important, and the correct definition of goals and strategies that affect a large increase organizational flexibility. Also, regardless of how much planning is a standardized activity, many managers have pointed out that, in addition to being a principled (directed) activity, it is also largely flexible (coordinated non-directed activity)
The Application of Flaxseed Oil Cake Flour as Milk Powder Replacer in Ice Cream Production
No full textNusproizvod koji se dobije ekstrakcijom ulja iz sjemenki lana naziva se pogača lana. Sve je češća njena upotreba kao dodatka u proizvodnji funkcionalnih proizvoda zbog bogate nutritivne vrijednosti. Osobito je bogata lipidima i proteinima. Zadatak ovoga rada bio je ispitati utjecaj zamjene obranog mlijeka u prahu pogačom lana u udjelima od 25,0 %, 37,5 % i 50,0 % od ukupnog udjela mlijeka u prahu. Proizveden je i kontrolni uzorak bez zamjene mlijeka u prahu. Nakon proizvodnje sladoleda i 24-satnog dubokog zamrzavanja uslijedilo je ispitivanje fizikalno-kemijskih svojstava sladoleda. Povećanje koncentracije brašna lana utjecao je na sniženje pH vrijednosti i povećanje titracijske kiselosti sladoleda. Također, utjecalo je na promjene svojstava teksture sladoleda, na parametre boje te topljenje sladoleda. Možemo zaključiti da je moguća djelomična zamjena mlijeka u prahu pogačom lana ukoliko želimo dobiti sladoled funkcionalnih svojstava.The by-product obtained by extracting oil from flax seeds is called flax cake. Its use as an additive in the production of functional products is increasingly common due to its rich nutritional value. It is particularly rich in lipids and proteins. The task of this work was to examine the impact of replacing skimmed milk powder with flaxseed cake in proportions of , 25.0%, 37.5% and 50.0% of the total proportion of milk powder. A control sample was also produced without replacing milk powder. After the ice cream production and 24-hour hardening, the physico-chemical properties of the ice cream were tested. The increase in the concentration of flax flour had the effect of lowering the pH value and increasing the titratable acidity of the ice cream. This replacement also affected the changes in the texture, colour and melting properties of the ice cream. It can be concluded that it is possible to partially replace milk powder with flax cake in order to produce ice cream with functional properties
The Effect of Almond Flour as Milk Powder Replacer on the Properties of Ice Cream Mixtures
No full textIskorištenje pogače badema nastale tijekom proizvodnje hladnog prešanja ulja kao dodatak u drugim prehrambenim proizvodima moguće je rješenje za njeno zbrinjavanje. Osim toga, proizvodi obogaćeni ovim nusproizvodom mogu imati povećanu nutritivnu vrijednost. Stoga je cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio ispitati svojstva kontrolne sladoledne smjese te sladolednih smjesa s dodatkom brašna uljne pogače badema u udjelima 25 %, 50 %, 75 % i 100 % od ukupnog udjela mlijeka u prahu. Navedena zamjena utjecala je na promjenu reoloških svojstava, odnosno na povećanje viskoznosti sladolednih smjesa. Dodatno, utjecaji procesiranja, odnosno pasterizacija, zrenje i predaeracija sladolednih smjesa imali su utjecaj na ispitivana reološka svojstva sladolednih smjesa. Osim navedenog, zbog razlike u sastavu između obranog mlijeka u prahu i brašna uljne pogače badema, došlo je do blagog sniženja pH vrijednosti i porasta aktiviteta vode sladolednih smjesa. Dodatak brašna uljne pogače badema doveo je do znatnih promjena u boji, odnoslo došlo je do smanjenja svjetline obogaćenih uzoraka, u odnosu na kontrolni uzorak. S obzirom na dobivene rezultate, može se zaključiti da se brašno uljne pogače badema može koristiti kao zamjena za obrano mlijeko u prahu, u svrhu poboljšanja fizikalno-kemijskih te nutritivnih svojstava sladoleda.Almond press cake obtained during the production of cold pressing oil can be utilized in food fortification which can be a possible solution for its disposal. In addition, products enriched with this additive have increased nutritional value. Therefore, the aim of this thesis was to examine the properties of the control ice cream mixture and ice cream mixtures with the addition of almond press cake flour in proportions of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% of the total milk powder concentration. This replacement affected the change in the rheological properties, i.e. an increase in the viscosity of ice cream mixtures. In addition, the processing methods, pasteurization, ageing, and preaeration of ice cream mixtures also influenced the investigated rheological properties. Furthermore, due to the difference in composition between skim milk powder and almond press cake flour, there was a slight decrease in pH values and an increase in measured values of water activity. This replacement caused a change in colour properties, by decreasing the lightness of enriched ice cream mixtures, compared to the control sample. Given the results obtained, it can be concluded that almond press cake flour can be used as a skim milk powder replacer, in order to improve the physicochemical and nutritional properties of ice cream mixtures
Invasive species in the area of Velimirovac and Lila
No full textRaznolikost invazivnih vrsta na području naselja Velimirovac i Lila istraživana je tijekom ljetnog razdoblja
2019. godine. Ukupno je zabilježeno 12 vrsta među kojima se četiri vrste (ambrozija, divlji pelin, velika
zlatnica i dvodomna kopriva) pojavljuju na oba područja. Najveći broj vrsta pripada porodici Asteraceae.
Utvrđene vrste su uglavnom hemikriptofiti kojima pogoduju topla staništa umjereno bogata humusom.
Invazivne vrste nastanjuju napuštene i obradive površine, te rubove kanala i šuma, a uz njih se kao prateće
biljne vrste najčešće pojavljuju različite višegodišnje zeljaste biljke. U svrhu suzbijanja širenja invazivnih
biljaka nužno je provoditi praćenje stanja invazivnih vrsta, poduzimati različite mjere njihova uklanjanja te
kontinuirano provoditi edukaciju šire javnosti o invazivnim vrstama.The diversity of invasive species was investigated in the Velimirovac and Lila settlements during the summer
of 2019. A total of 12 species were recorded among which four species (ragweed, mugwort, giant goldenrod
and stinging nettle) occured in both areas. The highest number of species belong to the Asteraceae.family
The species are mainly hemicryptophytes which favour warm, humus-rich habitats. Invasive species inhabit
abandoned and arable land, edges of canals and forests, and in their vicinity various perennial herbaceous
plants appear. In order to supress the spreading of invasive plants, it is necessary to monitor their status, to
take various measures for their elimination, and to conduct continuous education of the general public on
invasive species
Effect of Fusarium head blight on photosynthetic efficiency of selected Hungarian winter wheat varieties
No full textU ovom radu istražen je utjecaj fuzarijske palež klasa na fotosintezu tri mađarske sorte ozime
pšenice (MV Karej, MV Karizma i MV Kolompos). Biljke su umjetno inokulirane u fazi
cvjetanja vrstama Fusarium graminearum i F. culmorum u omjeru 1:1, a netretirane biljke
korištene su kao kontrola. Mjerenjem polifaznog rasta fluorescencije klorofila a analizirana je
funkcija fotosustava II i ukupna učinkovitosti fotosinteze te je izmjerena koncentracija
fotosintetskih pigmenata u listu. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju da kod analiziranih sorti pšenice
može doći do povećanja fotosintetske učinkovitosti listova kao odgovor na stres uzrokovan
vrstama roda Fusarium.In this study the effect of Fusarium head blight on photosynthesis of three Hungarian winter
wheat varieties (MV Karej, Mv Karizma and MV Kolompos) was investigated. Plants were
artificially inoculated in blooming stage with Fusarium graminearum and F. culmorum species
in proportion 1:1, while untreated plants were used as control. By measuring the polyphasic
chlorophyll a fluorescence rise, the function of photosystem II and the overall efficiency of
photosynthesis were analyzed, and the concentration of photosynthetic pigments in the leaf was
measured. The obtained results indicate that analyzed wheat varieties may be able to increase
the photosynthetic efficiency of the leaves in response to stress caused by Fusarium species
Mobile application for kindergarten digitalization
No full textS ciljem unapređenja komunikacije i organizacije u predškolskim ustanovama razvijena je moderna iOS mobilna aplikacija koja omogućuje lakšu i učinkovitiju suradnju između roditelja i odgojitelja. Aplikacija nudi niz funkcionalnosti poput vođenja evidencije prisutnosti djece, praćenja dnevnih aktivnosti, organizacije događaja, bilješki i dijeljenja fotografija, kao i upravljanja informacijama vezanima uz plaćanja. Tehnička realizacija aplikacije temelji se na serverskoj arhitekturi razvijenoj pomoću AdonisJS frameworka, uz primjenu RESTful API pristupa i MVC obrasca. S druge strane, korisničko sučelje izrađeno je korištenjem SwiftUI tehnologije i MVVM arhitekture, čime je osigurana modularnost, preglednost i lako održavanje koda. Projekt je osmišljen tako da omogućuje jednostavno proširenje sustava u budućnosti, uključujući razvoj web sučelja za administraciju, uvođenje notifikacija u stvarnom vremenu, napredne analitičke mogućnosti i dodatne funkcionalnosti za praćenje razvoja djeteta. Provedbom ovog projekta pokazano je kako se suvremenim tehnološkim rješenjima može značajno unaprijediti svakodnevno funkcioniranje obrazovnih ustanova i poboljšati transparentnost i suradnja između svih uključenih strana.With the goal of improving communication and organization within preschool institutions, a modern iOS mobile application has been developed to enable easier and more efficient collaboration between parents and educators. The application offers a range of functionalities, including attendance tracking, daily activity monitoring, event organization, notes and photo sharing, as well as managing payment related information. The technical implementation is based on a server-side architecture developed using the AdonisJS framework, following a RESTful API approach and the MVC pattern. On the client side, the user interface is built with SwiftUI and follows the MVVM architecture, ensuring modularity, clarity, and ease of maintenance. The project is designed to allow easy future expansion, including the development of a web-based admin interface, real-time notifications, advanced analytics, and additional features for monitoring child development. The implementation of this project demonstrates how modern technological solutions can significantly improve the daily operations of educational institutions and enhance transparency and collaboration among all stakeholders
Predictors of patient satisfaction and nurse satisfaction as indicators of process in the nursing care quality management system
No full textCilj istraživanja: Glavni je cilj doktorskoga rada bio ispitati doprinos varijabli vezanih uz demografska obilježja, posao i crte ličnosti medicinskih sestara i medicinskih tehničara na razinu zadovoljstva bolesnika kao indikatora procesa u sustavu upravljanja kvalitetom zdravstvene njege te ispitati doprinos varijabli vezanih uz demografska obilježja, zdravstveno stanje i crte ličnosti bolesnika na razinu zadovoljstva bolesnika kao indikatora procesa u sustavu upravljanja kvalitetom zdravstvene njege.
Nacrt studije: Provedena je presječna studija.
Ispitanici i metode: U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 212 hospitaliziranih bolesnika u Općoj županijskoj bolnici Požega i 108 medicinskih sestara i medicinskih tehničara zaposlenih na odjelima gdje su bolesnici hospitalizirani. Istraživanje je provedeno od 2022. do 2024. godine.
Rezultati: Dobiveno je kako zadovoljstvo poslom pozitivno (p<0,001), dok neuroticizam (p<0,001) i bračno stanje (oni koji nisu u braku) (p=0,010) medicinskih sestara i medicinskih tehničara negativno doprinosi zadovoljstvu kvalitetom zdravstvenom njegom bolesnika. S druge strane, kod bolesnika muški spol (p=0,011), bolje zdravstveno stanje (p=0,006), boravak u sobi s dvije i više osoba u sobi (p=0,002) i crte ličnosti ugodnosti (p=0,012) i savjesnosti (p=0,004) bolesnika značajno pozitivno doprinose zadovoljstvu kvalitetom zdravstvene njege bolesnika, dok bračno stanje (oni koji nisu u braku) negativno doprinosi zadovoljstvu bolesnika kvalitetom zdravstvene njege.
Zaključak: Najznačajniji su prediktori zadovoljstva bolesnika kvalitetom zdravstvene njege neuroticizam medicinskih sestara i crte ličnosti ugodnosti i savjesnosti te boravak u sobi s dvije i više osoba kod bolesnika. Nešto manje važni, ali i dalje značajni prediktori su bračno stanje onih koji nisu u braku, zdravstveno stanje i spol bolesnika te bračno stanje onih koji nisu u braku i zadovoljstvo poslom medicinskih sestara i medicinskih tehničara.Objectives: The main objective of the doctoral thesis was to examine the contribution of variables related to demographic characteristics, job, and personality traits of nurses and technicians to the level of patient satisfaction as an indicator of processes in the nursing care quality management system, and to examine the contribution of variables related to demographic characteristics, health status, and personality traits of patients to the level of patient satisfaction as an indicator of processes in the nursing care quality management system.
Study Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted.
Participants and Methods: The study involved 212 hospitalized patients at the General County Hospital Požega and 108 nurses and technicians employed in the departments where the patients were hospitalized. The research was conducted from 2022 to 2024.
Results: Job satisfaction positively contributes to patient satisfaction with the quality of nursing care (p<0.001), while neuroticism (p<0.001) and marital status (those who are not married) (p=0.010) of nurses and technicians negatively contribute to patient satisfaction with the quality of nursing care. On the other hand, for patients, male gender (p=0.011), better health status (p=0.006), staying in a room with two or more people (p=0.002), and the personality traits of agreeableness (p=0.012) and conscientiousness (p=0.004) significantly positively contribute to patient satisfaction with the quality of nursing care. Conversely, marital status (those who are not married) negatively contributes to patient satisfaction with the quality of nursing care.
Conclusion: The most significant predictors of patient satisfaction with the quality of nursing care are the neuroticism of nurses and the personality traits of agreeableness and conscientiousness, as well as staying in a room with two or more people for patients. Less important but still significant predictors include marital status (those who are not married), the health status and gender of patients, as well as job satisfaction and marital status (those who are not married) of nurses and technicians
Illustration of Markov Chain Properties Through Simulations
No full textOvaj diplomski rad bavi se istraživanjem Markovljevih lanaca u diskretnom vremenu, s posebnim naglaskom na ilustraciju njihovih ključnih svojstava kroz računalne simulacije u programskom jeziku R. U uvodu, rad počinje s objašnjenjem osnovnih pojmovavezanihuzMarkovljevelance, uključujući definiciju, kao i značajno svojstvo ovog procesa, "odsutnost pamćenja", koje znači da se buduće stanje Markovljevog lanca određuje isključivo njegovim trenutnim stanjem, bez obzira na prošla stanja. Slijedi detaljna analiza osnovnih svojstava Markovljevih lanaca. Kroz simulacije, rad ilustrira važne koncepte poput povratnosti i prolaznosti stanja, što omogućuje razumijevanje kako Markovljev lanac može prijeći između različitih stanja ili se vratiti u prethodna. Također, rad istražuje apsorbirajuće Markovljeve lance, gdje se analiziraju stanja iz kojih nije moguće prijeći u druga stanja, te kako ti lanci dosežu svoj konačni oblik. Dalje, simulacije pokrivaju ireducibilnost i periodičnost Markovljevih lanaca, čime se proučavaju svojstva lanaca koji su sposobni posjetiti sva stanja, kao i lanacaukojimapostojiperiodičkiobrazacuponašanju. Posebanfokusstavljenjena ergodskeMarkovljevelance,pričemuserazmatrajedinstvenoststacionarnedistribucije, odnosnodugoročnoponašanjeMarkovljevoglanca. Nakraju,radrazmatra ilustraciju jakog Markovljevog svojstva. Cijeli rad temelji se na detaljnoj teorijskoj podlozi, koja prethodi svakom od eksperimentalnih dijelova, omogućujući dublje razumijevanje svojstava Markovljevih lanaca i njihove primjene u različitim područjima znanosti. Računalne simulacije i numeričke metode pružaju konkretne primjere koji ilustriraju ponašanje Markovljevih lanaca pod različitim uvjetima i pomažu uvizualizaciji njihovih ključnih svojstava.This thesis explores Markov chains in discrete time, with a particular focus on illustrating their key properties through computer simulations in the R programming language. The introduction begins by explaining the fundamental concepts related to Markov chains, including their definition, as well as a significant property of this process, "memorylessness," which means that the future state of a Markov chain depends solely on its current state, regardless of past states. This is followed by a detailed analysis of the basic properties of Markov chains. Through simulations, the thesis illustrates important concepts such as recurrence andtransienceofstates, whichallowfortheunderstandingofhowaMarkovchain can transition between different states or return to previous ones. Additionally, the thesis investigates absorbing Markov chains, analyzing states from which it is impossible to transition to other states, and how these chains eventually reach their final state. Next, the simulations cover the concepts of irreducibility and periodicity in Markov chains, studying the properties of chains capable of visiting all states, as well as chains that exhibit a periodic pattern in their behavior. Special emphasis is placed on ergodic Markov chains, where the uniqueness of the stationary distribution, i.e., the long-term behavior of the Markov chain, is considered. Finally, the thesis explores the illustration of the strong Markov property. The entire work is based on a thorough theoretical foundation that precedes each experimental section, providing a deeper understanding of the properties of Markov chains and their applications in various scientific fields. Computer simulations and numerical methods provide concrete examples that illustrate the behavior of Markov chains under different conditions and aid in visualizing their key properties
The Competence of the Croatian Pension Insurance Institute: Pension System and Child Allowance
No full textHrvatski zavod za mirovinsko osiguranje (HZMO) javna je ustanova koja je osnovana Zakonom o mirovinskom osiguranju, s glavnim zadatkom upravljanja sustavom mirovinskog osiguranja u RH. Sustav mirovinskog osiguranja u RH čine tri stupa, a to su: obvezno mirovinsko osiguranje na temelju generacijske solidarnosti, obvezno mirovinsko osiguranje na temelju individualne kapitalizirane štednje te dobrovoljno mirovinsko osiguranje na temelju individualne kapitalizirane štednje. HZMO obavlja niz važnih poslova koji su vezani uz mirovinsko osiguranje. To uključuje, između ostaloga, isplatu mirovina korisnicima koji su ostvarili pravo na mirovinu, isplatu doplatka za djecu, isplata nacionalne naknade za starije osobe, pružanje informacija građanima u vezi s pravima i obvezama u okviru mirovinskog osiguranja i ostvarivanja prava na mirovinu te informacije o ostvarivanju prava na doplatak za djecu. Postoje različite vrste mirovina čije pravo na njezino ostvarenje donosi HZMO (starosna mirovina, prijevremena starosna mirovina, invalidska i privremena invalidska mirovina, obiteljska mirovina te mirovine prema posebnim propisima). Osim mirovina, HZMO je nadležan i za odlučivanje o pravu na doplatak za djecu, koji je reguliran Zakonom o doplatku za djecu (ZDD). Doplatak za djecu predstavlja socijalnu pomoć koja se isplaćuje obiteljima s nižim ukupnim dohotkom. Pravo na doplatak ostvaruju korisnici u skladu s visinom ukupnog dohotka kućanstva i ispunjavanjem drugih uvjeta koji su propisani ZDD-om. U radu se detaljno pojašnjavaju uvjeti za ostvarivanje prava na doplatak, uključujući kriterije koji se odnose na broj djece, dohodovne granice i svu potrebnu dokumentaciju koju je potrebno priložiti uz zahtjev.The Croatian Pension Insurance Institute (CPII) is a public institution established by the Pension Insurance Act with the primary task of managing the pension insurance system in the RC. The pension insurance system in RC consists of three pillars: mandatory pension insurance based on the principle of generational solidarity, mandatory pension insurance based on individual capitalized savings, and voluntary pension insurance based on individual capitalized savings. CPII performs a range of important tasks related to pension insurance. These include, among other things, the payment of pensions to beneficiaries who have acquired the right to a pension, the payment of the child benefit, the payment of the national benefit for the elderly, and providing citizens with information regarding their rights and obligations within the pension insurance system, as well as the process of acquiring pension and child benefit rights. There are different types of pensions granted by CPII, including old-age pensions, early retirement pensions, disability pensions (both temporary and occupational rehabilitation), survivors' pensions, and pensions granted under special regulations. In addition to pensions, CPII is responsible for deciding on the right to child benefit, which is regulated by the Child Benefit Act (CBA). The child benefit is a form of social welfare paid to families with lower total income. The right to child benefit is granted to beneficiaries based on the total earned household income and other conditions prescribed by the CBA. This paper will provide a detailed explanation of the conditions for obtaining the right to the child benefit, including criteria related to the number of children, income thresholds, and the documentation required for application submission