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Decrees of the Government of the Republic of Croatia based on statutory authority
No full textU ovom radu se analizira odnos zakonodavne i izvršne vlasti u Republici Hrvatskoj, uključujući njihove samostalne ovlasti i međusobnu suradnju. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na podzakonske općenormativne akte. Rad obrađuje institut poremećaja nadležnosti između zakonodavne i izvršne vlasti, postupak donošenja uredbi, značaj izvršne klauzule, te ratifikaciju uredaba. Posebna pažnja posvećena je uredbama koje Vlada Republike Hrvatske donosi na temelju ovlasti delegiranih od Hrvatskog sabora.This paper analyzes the relationship between the legislative and executive branches of government in the Republic of Croatia, including their independent powers and mutual cooperation. Special emphasis is placed on subordinate general normative acts. The paper addresses the issue of jurisdictional disruption between the legislative and executive branches, the procedure for adopting decrees, the significance of the executive clause, and the ratification of decrees. Special attention is given to decrees issued by the Government of the Republic of Croatia based on powers delegated by the Croatian Parliament
The association between acute stress and prosocial behavior
No full textProsocijalno ponašanje, koje uključuje dijeljenje, suradnju, povjerenje i altruizam, u nedavnim istraživanjima pokazalo je nezanemarivu vezu s akutnim stresom. Istraživanja su pokazala da akutni stres može povećati razinu prosocijalnih ponašanja, što je značajno jer akutni stres predstavlja čestu pojavu u svakodnevici ljudi. Akutni stres pokreće fiziološke reakcije koje uključuju simpatičko-adrenalno-medularnu (SAM) os i hipotalamičko-hipofizno-adrenalnu (HHA) os, što može utjecati na društveno ponašanje. Pod stresom, pojedinci mogu biti skloniji sudjelovanju u prosocijalnim akcijama, koristeći takvo ponašanje kao strategiju za suočavanje ili ublažavanje stresa. Ipak, sklonost manifestiranja prosocijalnog ponašanja pod stresom varira ovisno o različitim faktorima kao što su, primjerice, bliskost odnosa, empatija, spol, zahtjevnost potrebnog angažmana, razina stresa, individualne razlike i slično. Istraživanja su do sada pokazala da su ljudi skloniji pomoći sebi bliskima u stanju stresa, da je empatija snažno povezana s prosocijalnim ponašanjem te da stres može povećati prosocijalno ponašanje kod oba spola, ali priroda tog ponašanja može se razlikovati ovisno o situaciji (muškarci su skloniji herojskim djelima, dok su žene češće usmjerene na pružanje emocionalne podrške i brige za druge). Ipak, istraživanja veze akutnog stresa i prosocijalnog ponašanja i dalje nude mnogobrojne oprečne rezultate te je provođenje daljnjih istraživanja od iznimne važnosti kako bi se pružili dublji uvidi u mehanizme koji potiču prosocijalno ponašanje. Također, razumijevanje odnosa između akutnog stresa i prosocijalnog ponašanja može pružiti vrijedne uvide za poticanje pozitivnih društvenih interakcija i poboljšanje dobrobiti zajednice.Recent research has revealed a significant link between prosocial behavior—including sharing, cooperation, trust, and altruism—and acute stress. Studies have shown that acute stress can enhance prosocial actions, which is a notable finding given its prevalence in everyday life. Stress triggers physiological reactions via the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary (SAM) axis and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which in turn influence social behavior. Under stress, individuals may be more inclined to engage in prosocial actions, using such behavior as a coping mechanism or to alleviate their stress. However, the tendency to exhibit prosocial behavior under stress varies depending on various factors such as relationship closeness, empathy, gender, the complexity of engagement needed, stress levels, and individual differences. Research indicates that during stressful times, individuals are more likely to assist those they share close relationship with, that empathy is strongly linked to prosocial behavior and that stress can enhance prosocial behavior in both genders, although the nature of this behavior may differ depending on the situation (men are more inclined toward heroic acts, while women are more prone to providing emotional support and caring for others). Nevertheless, research on the association between acute stress and prosocial behavior continues to yield conflicting results highlighting the need for further studies to provide deeper insights into the mechanisms behind prosocial behavior. Additionally, understanding the relationship between acute stress and prosocial behavior can provide valuable insights for promoting positive social interactions and enhancing community well-being
Realization of real estate encumbered by a security interest
No full textOvaj rad analizira razlučna prava i posupak unovčenja nekretnina opterećenih istima. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati cjelokupni postupak unovčenja nekretnina opterećenih razlučnim pravom u stečajnom postupku i odgovoriti na sporna pitanja koja se pojavljuju tijekom postupka dajući uvid u rješenja iz sudske prakse i ukazujući na već postojeće te potencijalne buduće probleme kako odluka sudova, tako i zakonskih rješenja. U vezi s time, prikazani su samo stjecanje razlučnih prava, početak postupka prodaje, uloga suda, Financijske agencije, vještaka i ostalih sudionika stečajnog postupka u prodaji, način prodaje te namirenje od ostvarene kupovnine.This paper analyzes secured creditors’ rights (so-called separation rights) and the process of liquidating real estate encumbered by such rights. The aim of the paper is to present the entire procedure of liquidating real estate encumbered with separation rights in bankruptcy proceedings, and to address the contentious issues that arise throughout the process by providing insight into court decisions and highlighting both existing and potential future problems arising from judicial practice and legislative solutions. Accordingly, the paper covers the acquisition of separation rights, initiation of the sale process, the role of the court, the Financial Agency, expert witnesses, and other participants in the bankruptcy proceedings, the method of sale, and the distribution of proceeds
Construction Contract
No full textUgovor o građenju kompleksan je pravni posao u kojem se izvođač obvezuje prema određenom projektu izgraditi u ugovorenom roku određenu građevinu na određenom zemljištu, ili na takvom zemljištu, odnosno na postojećoj građevini izvesti kakve druge građevinske radove, a naručitelj se obvezuje isplatiti mu za to određenu cijenu. Kod ovog se ugovora uz izvođača i naručitelja često pojavljuju i drugi sudionici kao što su projektant, nadzorni inženjer i revident. Temeljni propis kojim se uređuje ova materija je Zakon o obveznim odnosima, no tu su i ostali propisi kao što je Zakon o gradnji, a valja naglasiti i važnost Posebnih uzanci o građenju. Zbog naglih promjena cijena u gospodarstvu ugovorne strane imaju mogućnost ugovaranja zaštitnih mehanizama kao što su klizna skala i indeksna klauzula. Predmet ovog ugovora često je od velikog financijskog značaja i zato ugovorne strane trebaju biti oprezne prilikom uređivanja međusobnih prava i obveza u svojem ugovoru o građenju.A construction contract is a complex legal transaction in which the contractor undertakes to construct a specific building on a specific plot of land, or to carry out other construction works on an existing building, according to a specific project within the contracted period, and the client undertakes to pay the contractor a certain price. This contract often involves other parties, such as design-builder, supervising engineer, and project manager, in addition to the contractor and the client. The basic regulation governing this matter is the Law on Obligatory Relations, but there are other regulations such as the Law on Construction, and the importance of the Special Building Regulations should also be emphasized. Due to the sudden changes in the prices in the economy, the contracting party have the ability to contract protective mechanisms such as the sliding scale and the index clause. The subject-matter of this contract is often of great financial importance and therefore the contracting parties should exercise caution in regulating each other's rights and obligations in their construction contract
A good practice example of providing personal assistence services - an analysis of the Association's experience
No full textOvaj diplomski rad bavi se istraživanjem doprinosa usluge osobne asistencije kvaliteti života osoba s invaliditetom kroz prikaz slučaja Udruge ˝Loco-Moto˝ Slavonski Brod. Cilj istraživanja bio je analizirati Udrugu i provedbu usluge, perspektivu djelatnika o njezinim učincima te prepoznati izazove u pružanju usluge. Primijenjena je kvalitativna metodologija kroz tematsku analizu dokumenata, grupni intervju sa stručnim djelatnicama udruge te sudjelovanje u aktivnosti udruge. Rezultati pokazuju da usluga osobne asistencije doprinosi većoj samostalnosti, socijalnoj uključenosti i emocionalnom blagostanju korisnika usluge. Međutim, prepoznati su i izazovi poput nedostatne satnice, problema u zadržavanju kvalificiranih asistenata i neujednačene dostupnosti u ruralnim sredinama. Zaključuje se da je potrebna veća individualizacija usluge, povećanje satnica, profesionalizacija asistenata te bolja regionalna ravnoteža dostupnosti kako bi se osigurala kvalitetnija i učinkovita usluga.This thesis explores the contribution of personal assistance services to the quality of life of persons with disabilities through the case study of the “Loco-Moto” Association in Slavonski Brod. The aim of the research was to analyze the Association and the implementation of the service, the staff’s perspective on its effects, and to identify challenges in service provision. A qualitative methodology was applied, including thematic analysis of documents, a group interview with the Association’s professionals, and participation in the Association’s activities. The results show that personal assistance contributes to greater independence, social inclusion, and emotional well-being of service users. However, challenges were also identified, such as insufficient service hours, difficulties in retaining qualified assistants, and unequal availability in rural areas. The study concludes that greater individualization of services, increased service hours, professionalization of assistants, and better regional balance in availability are needed to ensure higher quality and more effective services
Attitudes towards the sexuality of individuals with intellectual disabilities
No full textOsobe s intelektualnim teškoćama često se suočavaju s ograničenjima u ostvarivanju svojih seksualnih prava, što je najčešće posljedica negativnih stavova i nedostatka razumijevanja u društvu. Prepoznavanje seksualnosti kao važnog dijela njihova života temelj je za stvaranje inkluzivnijeg okruženja. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati stavove studenata Sveučilišta u Zagrebu prema seksualnosti osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama, s naglaskom na četiri područja: seksualna prava, samokontrolu, roditeljstvo i nereproduktivna seksualna ponašanja. Također se ispitivalo postoje li razlike u stavovima s obzirom na spol i poznanstvo s osobom s intelektualnim teškoćama te postoji li povezanost između stavova i važnosti religije u životu ispitanika. Istraživanje je provedeno putem online ankete u kojoj je sudjelovalo 111 studenata. Rezultati pokazuju da studenti u prosjeku izražavaju pozitivne stavove prema seksualnosti osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama, posebno u području nereproduktivnih seksualnih ponašanja. Statistički značajne razlike uočene su u odnosu na spol, pri čemu muški studenti iskazuju pozitivnije stavove prema samokontroli, te u odnosu na religioznost, koja je negativno povezana sa stavovima prema nereproduktivnim seksualnim ponašanjima osoba s intelektualnim teškoćama. U ostalim ispitivanim područjima razlike nisu bile značajne.People with intellectual disabilities often face barriers to realizing their sexual rights, most commonly as a result of negative societal attitudes and a lack of understanding. Recognizing sexuality as an important part of their lives is fundamental to creating a more inclusive environment. The aim of this study was to examine the attitudes of students at the University of Zagreb toward the sexuality of individuals with intellectual disabilities, focusing on four domains: sexual rights, self-control, parenthood, and non-reproductive sexual behaviors. The study also explored whether attitudes differed based on gender and acquaintance with a person with an intellectual disability, and whether there was a correlation between attitudes and the importance of religion in participants’ lives. The research was conducted using an online survey completed by 111 students. The results indicate that students generally express positive attitudes toward the sexuality of individuals with intellectual disabilities, especially in the area of non-reproductive sexual behaviors. Statistically significant differences were found with regard to gender, with male students expressing more positive attitudes toward self-control, and with regard to the perceived importance of religion in participants' lives, which was negatively associated with attitudes toward non-reproductive sexual behaviors. No significant differences were found in the remaining domains
The Criminal Law Framework for Migrant Smuggling in Croatia
No full textCilj rada je prikazati uređenje kaznenopravnog okvira krijumčarenja migranata u Hrvatskoj s utjecajem na državna i pravosudna tijela. U uvodnome dijelu opisani su korišteni termini i uzroci zbog kojih dolazi do povećanja odnosno smanjenja kriminalnih aktivnosti krijumčarenja migranata kroz različite vremenske periode, koje je u međusobnoj povezanosti sa ilegalnim migracijama. Kroz rad je napravljena analiza današnjeg članka 326. KZ/11 te njegova usporedba sa prijašnjim člankom 177. KZ/97. Razlikovanje između počinjenja osnovnog i kvalificiranog oblika djela iz članka 326. KZ/11 potkrijepljeno je sudskom praksom kojom su utvrđene pretpostavke koje se moraju zadovoljiti kako bi se djelo okvalificiralo kao počinjeno u kvalificiranom obliku prema članku 326. st. 2 KZ/11. Kao problem u početnoj fazi kaznenog djela krijumčarenja migranata dolazi do određenih sličnosti sa trgovanjem ljudi, te su daljnje prikazana razlikovanja obaju kaznenih djela. Najveći pritisak snose državna i pravosudna tijela jer je vidljiv nedostatak službenih tijela u zaštiti granica i otežanom rješavanju predmeta u žurnom postupku zbog jezičnih barijera. Iako je gotovo nemoguće utjecati na stalni priljev migranata jer je isključivo ovisan o stanju u njihovim državama, rješenje da se ipak suzbije korelacija prelazaka ilegalnih migranata u odnosu na krijumčarenje migranata je strože sankcioniranje i privođenje organizatora prijevoza.The aim of these thesis is to present the structure of the criminal legal framework for migrant smuggling in Croatia, with an impact on state institutions and the judicary. In the introduction, the terms used and the causes for the increase or decrease in criminal activities related to migrant smuggling through different time periods are described, which are interlinked with illegal migration. The thesis includes an analysis of the current Article 326 of the Criminal Code (KZ/11) and its comparison with the previous Article 177 of the Criminal Code (KZ/97). The distinction between the commission of the basic and qualifed form of the offense under Article 326 of the Criminal Code (KZ/11) is supported by case law, which has established the conditions that must be met for the offense to be classified as committed in its qualified form according to Article 326, paragraph 2 of the Criminal Code (KZ/11). As the problem in the inital phase of the criminal offense of migrant smuggling, certain similarities with human trafficking arise, and further distinctions between the two crimes are presented. The greatest pressure is borne by state and judical authorities due to evident lack of police officers in border protection and the difficulty in resolving cases in an expedited procedure due to language barriers. Although it is almost impossible to influence the constant influx of migrants, as it is solely dependent on the situation in their home countries, one solution to curb the correlation between illegal migrant crossings and migrant smuggling is stricter sanctions and the apprehension of transport organizers
The role of individual factors in shaping the quality of partner relationships
No full textPartnerski odnos podrazumijeva snažnu i dugotrajnu povezanost dvoje ljudi u različitim aspektima života, emocionalnu bliskost i često seksualnu intimnost. Suvremeni partnerski i bračni odnosi sve češće se suočavaju s brojnim izazovima koji pridonose njihovoj nestabilnosti. Kvaliteta partnerskog odnosa uvjetovana je nizom različitih čimbenika, među kojima se ističu osobna obilježja partnera, obilježja partnerskog odnosa te utjecaji šire okoline. Stabilni i zadovoljavajući odnosi temelje se na međusobnom povjerenju, uvažavanju, osjećaju sigurnosti i brizi. Intervencije usmjerene na partnerske odnose važne su za unapređenje komunikacije, jačanje emocionalne povezanosti, učinkovito rješavanje sukoba te za povećanje cjelokupne kvalitete odnosa. Cilj ovog rada je prikazati teorijske i istraživačke spoznaje o pojedinim čimbenicima koji utječu na kvalitetu partnerskih odnosa te istaknuti važnost uloge socijalnih radnika u pružanju stručne podrške parovima koji se susreću s teškoćama u različitim aspektima života što utječe na zadovoljstvo i kvalitetu odnosa.A partner relationship implies a strong and long-term connection between two people in various aspects of life, emotional closeness and often sexual intimacy. Contemporary partner and marital relationships are increasingly facing numerous challenges that contribute to their instability. The quality of a partner relationship is conditioned by a range of different factors, among which stand out personal characteristics of the partners, characteristics of the relationship itself and influences of the wider surroundings. Stable and satisfying relationships are based on mutual trust, respect, a sense of security and care. Interventions aimed at partner relationships are important for improving communication, strengthening emotional bonds, effective conflict resolution and increasing the overall quality of the relationship. The aim of this paper is to present theoretical and research-based insights into the specific factors that influence the quality of partner relationships and to highlight the importanceof the role of social workers in providing professional support to couples facing difficulties in various aspects of life that affect their relationship satisfaction and quality
Growing up in families with a problem of addiction to psychoactive substances
No full textRad se bavi problematikom odrastanja djece u obiteljima s problemom ovisnosti o psihoaktivnim tvarima te je naglasak stavljen na psihološke i emocionalne posljedice, posljedice na zdravlje i tjelesni integritet djeteta te na socijalne i ekonomske posljedice odrastanja u takvim okolnostima. Ako je roditelj osoba s problemom ovisnosti o psihoaktivnim tvarima on uslijed problema ovisnosti ne može ispunjavati svoju roditeljsku ulogu, a time direktno negativno utječe na razvoj svog djeteta. Uloga roditelja te zdrava i poticajna okolina ključ su za uspješan razvoj i odrastanje, a upravo su obitelji u kojima se barem jedan od članova bori s problemom ovisnosti, one obitelji koje ne odgovaraju ovim kriterijima. Ovisnost o različitim psihoaktivnim tvarima sveprisutni je društveni problem, a društvo i struka trebaju reagirati kako bi se pomoglo tim ranjivim skupinama- osobama s problemom ovisnosti, ali i njihovim obiteljima, osobito djeci. Istraživanja potvrđuju problem i negativne posljedice koje ovisnost o psihoaktivnim tvarima nosi sa sobom, kao i potrebu za prevencijom ili pak pomoći u liječenju i suzbijanju iste. Sukladno rezultatima istraživanja te stručnoj literaturi potrebno je unaprijediti sustav u pogledu prepoznavanja problema i načina suočavanja i rješavanja problema, te pružati pomoć osobama s problemom ovisnosti te u tretman uključiti i njihovu obitelj, a poseban senzibilitet primijeniti na radu s njihovom djecom.The paper deals with the issue of children who growing up in families with a problem of addiction to psychoactive substances and the emphasize on the psychological and emotional consequences, the consequences on the health and physical integrity of the child, and the social and economic consequences of growing up in that circumstances. If a parent is a person with an addiction problem, he or she can not fulfill his parental role due to the addiction problem, and thus directly negatively affects the development of his or her child. The role of parents and a healthy and stimulating environment are the key to successful development and growing up, and these are families in which at least one of the members struggles with the problem of addiction and they do not meet these criteria. Addiction to various substances is a global social problem, and society and the profession need to respond to help these vulnerable groups - people with addiction problems, but also their families, especially children. Research comes to the problem and the negative consequences that addiction brings with it, as well as the need for prevention or help in its treatment and suppression. According to the results of the research and literature, it is necessary to improve the system in terms of recognizing problems and ways of dealing with them and solving them, as well as providing assistance to people with addiction problems, including their families in the treatment, and applying special sensitivity to working with their children
Request for a Preliminary Ruling to the CJEU and the Right to a Fair Trial
No full textU cilju osiguravanja dosljednog tumačenja i ujednačene primjene prava Europske unije u svim državama članicama, Ugovor o funkcioniranju Europske unije (UFEU) uspostavlja mehanizam prethodnog postupka. Nacionalni sudovi imaju mogućnost uputiti zahtjev za prethodnu odluku Sudu Europske unije kada ocijene da je rješavanje pitanja prava Unije nužno za donošenje presude u konkretnom predmetu. Međutim, sukladno članku 267. stavku 3. UFEU-a, sudovi protiv čijih odluka ne postoji pravni lijek u okviru nacionalnog pravnog sustava obvezni su podnijeti zahtjev za prethodnu odluku kada se u postupku otvori relevantno pravno pitanje koje se odnosi na tumačenje ili valjanost prava Unije.
Ovaj rad posebno se bavi pitanjem sudova koji odlučuju o dopuštenosti revizije, te postoji li u takvim slučajevima obveza upućivanja prethodnog pitanja Sudu EU ili je isključivo mogućnost. Iako ti sudovi mogu biti formalno posljednja instancija, njihova obveza može biti ograničena u skladu s iznimkama iz presude CILFIT.
Važno je naglasiti da, iako nije svaka odluka o nepostavljanju zahtjeva za prethodnu odluku povreda prava, sud posljednje instancije koji odluči ne uputiti takvo pitanje mora svoju odluku obrazložiti jasno, precizno i utemeljeno. U protivnom, postoji rizik da se u postupku pred Europskim sudom za ljudska prava (ESLJP) može utvrditi povreda prava na pošteno suđenje iz članka 6. Europske konvencije o ljudskim pravima, u vezi s pravom na pristup sudu i djelotvornu sudsku zaštitu, osobito ako je izostankom prethodnog pitanja onemogućeno tumačenje ili primjena prava Unije ključnog za ishod spora.To ensure the consistent interpretation and uniform application of European Union law across all Member States, the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) provides for the preliminary ruling mechanism. This mechanism allows national courts to refer questions to the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) when they consider that clarification of EU law is necessary for resolving the case before them.
However, in accordance with Article 267(3) TFEU, courts or tribunals whose decisions are not subject to further judicial remedy under national law are under a legal obligation to submit a reference when a relevant question concerning the interpretation or validity of EU law arises.
This thesis focuses in particular on courts that rule on the admissibility of revision (appeal on points of law), and whether such courts, in acting as courts of last instance, are bound to refer a preliminary question to the CJEU or whether such referral remains at their discretion. Although these courts may formally act as final instances, their duty to refer may be limited by the exceptions established in the CILFIT judgment.
It is important to stress that the mere decision not to refer a preliminary question does not automatically constitute a breach of Union law. Nevertheless, a national court of last instance must provide clear, reasoned, and well-substantiated justification for such a decision. Failure to do so may lead to a finding by the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) of a violation of the right to a fair trial under Article 6 of the European Convention on Human Rights—particularly in relation to the right of access to a court and to effective judicial protection—especially where the absence of a reference prevents the proper interpretation or application of EU law that is essential to the outcome of the dispute