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Cancer mortality and sectors of employment: a cohort study in Italy
No full textAbstract Background Cancer is a multifactorial disease. The large impact of occupational exposure on the burden of cancer continues to be a paramount public health concern that deserves more attention. The study aims to evaluate cancer-specific mortality risk in relation to sectors of employment. Methods We used a cohort from the Rome Longitudinal Study (ROL) and linked it with the National Social Insurance Agency (INPS) database to obtain working histories. We considered the longest duration of employment in a sector as a proxy of exposure, and insurance activities as the reference category. A Cox regression adjusted model was used to examine the associations between cancer-specific causes of death and the sector of employment in men and women. A similar analysis was performed considering the length of employment (≤ 10 years versus ≥ 10 years). Results The study population comprised 910,559 (52% of the total population of the cohort after linkage with INPS) 30 + yr employees (53% men and 47% women) followed for a total period of approximately 7 million years. The outcomes confirmed some well-known associations (e.g. lung and pleura in construction, pleura in paper and printing, and lung in wood and leather) and suggested possible high-risk sectors that have not yet been thoroughly investigated. In men we observed an increased mortality risk for stomach cancer in the printing and paper industry (HR = 1.69, 95% CI:1.11–2.57) as well as for stomach and lung cancer in cleaning activities (HR = 1.98, 95% CI:1.13–3.49 and HR = 1.55, 95% CI:1.22–1.98, respectively). Among women, there was an elevated mortality risk in the cleaning industry for all malignant cancers (HR = 1.15, 95% CI:1.03–1.29), liver cancer (HR = 1.94, 95% CI:1.08–3.48) and cancer of the lympho-hematopoietic tissue (HR = 1.65, 95% CI:1.09–2.50). Conclusions The results showed an increased risk of cancer death in some traditional industrial sectors compared to the reference category of insurance activities such as construction and wood and leather products and limited evidence in sectors like cleaning, accommodation and food services and hairdressing. The adopted method proved to be effective in monitoring occupational risks and activating proper prevention initiatives and further insights
The New Atlantis of Time, Love, and Knowledge : Religiousness, Gender, and Esotericism in Francis Bacon's Utopia
No full textThis study examines the nature of religiousness, gender and esotericism in the English philosopher Francis Bacon’s (1561—1626) utopia, New Atlantis, published posthumously in 1627. It is a story of European sailors who lost their course while sailing from Peru to China. They found an unknown island which is called Bensalem, and it is Christian. There is a scientific society called the Salomon House, ruled by men called Father’s. The story continues with the historical narrative of Bensalem, told by the governor of Stranger’s House. Then some of the European sailors participate in the Feast of the Family. This event is followed by a discussion of the moral differences between the people of Bensalem and Europeans. In the third part of the book, the Father of Salomon House shares the scientific knowledge and techniques of the brothers with the principal narrator.
Religious aspects of Bacon’s writing has been avoided, including with the New Atlantis. Rather than consider the utopian story for its religious aspects, it has been examined as a political or scientific work. Although some studies have examined religious and/or esoteric references of the work, gender views has been excluded or vice versa. To my knowledge there is no study that would have examined gender — and specifically masculinity —, esotericism and religiousness references of the New Atlantis together. This study explores all three of the concepts, separately, and in relation to each other and to the story.
This study is in dialogue with the other studies of the New Atlantis. The principal question in my study is how esotericism, gender and religion/religiousness become apparent in Bacon's utopian vision. I also ask what story they tell in his utopia and what is their purpose. Another question is to examine what kind of religiousness is in the New Atlantis and what is its purpose. Furthermore, I ask what kind of phenomena of gender appear in the story. I examine how Bacon describes the early modern era performative masculinity in his utopia. In this study I explore the expression of the masculine vision of power in relation to the feminine. Finally, I examine the esoteric in his work. The question is what kind of research there is in the scientific institution of the utopian island. What kind of esoteric or religious thinking is there, and what they bring forth. The feminist philosophers Judith Butler’s and Luce Irigaray’s theories of gender are the starting point of my study. Judith Butler's theory of gender is the theoretical framework of this study, specifically the theory of performative gender/masculinity. I also present how I define religion in this study and how it is possible to use modern concepts when examining the thinking of the early modern era.
My methods are qualitative content analysis and the hermeneutic method. I have chosen three analytical categories: time, love, and knowledge. Regarding time I examine religiousness in New Atlantis as time plays an important role in the story and because it is also important in Bacon’s religious writings. In his Confession of Faith there is a definition of time which I related to the New Atlantis' story of its fictional state’s history and religion. To examine gender and charity I use "love" as a second analytical category. There are three subaltern categories for love. They are "Agape", "Philia" and "Eros". The third category is "knowledge". With this category I examine the esoteric and natural science in the book.
My own study demonstrates how the New Atlantis is built upon the Judeo-Christian, or biblical world view. It reveals how the type of masculinity expressed in Bacon’s utopian view is close to Judeo-Christian thinking. For example the Father of the Salomon House vaguely resembles Jesus, and the brothers of the House are like Adam, the collaborator of God. Bacon seems to break with some understandings of early modern gender views, such as with the veiled mother’s role in the Feast of Family and a European sailor’s performative transformation to a feminine-like figure. My study express how Bacon reproduces in his utopia the expression of performative masculinity in the early modern era. This study shows also how esoteric research of Salomon House is miraculous and in imitation of God’s works. Bensalem is like Eden. The New Atlantis is Bacon’s version of his time’s millennium views and apocalyptic Christianity. Hence, all three — religiousness, gender, and esotericism — should be examined together in his utopia. My study expresses that Bacon has written in his utopia early modern, not modern, ideas and the New Atlantis should be studied as a work which directly reflects the period in which he lived.Tutkimuksessani analysoin filosofi Francis Baconin (1561—1626) postuumisti julkaistun utopiateoksen, New Atlantiksen (1627) esoteerisuutta, sukupuolisuutta ja uskonnollisuutta. Teoksessa eurooppalaiset merimiehet ajautuvat tuntemattomaan saarivaltioon, Bensalemiin, purjehtiessaan Perusta kohti Kiinaa. Saari on kristitty valtio, jossa toimii tieteellinen instituutio, Salomon talon veljeskunta. Teoksessa kerrotaan ensin saarivaltion historiasta ja kristinuskon saapumisesta. Sen jälkeen tarinassa seuraa valtion perhejuhla ja keskustelu moraalikysymyksistä. Lopuksi Salomon talon isä kertoo sen tieteellisistä tutkimuksista. Teosta on pidetty pääosin tieteellisenä tai poliittisena, joskus myös uskonnollisena, utopiana.
Aikaisemmassa tutkimuksessa ei ole tarkasteltu teoksen uskonnollisuutta, sukupuolisuutta ja esoteerisuutta yhdessä. Tutkimuksessani analysoin edellä mainittuja käsitteitä sekä yhdessä että erikseen. Kysyn, miten ne ilmenevät siinä, mitä tarinaa ne kertovat ja mikä niiden merkitys on. Tarkemmin kysyn, minkälaista uskonnollisuutta teoksessa esitetään ja mikä merkitys sillä on. Kysyn myös, minkälaista sukupuolen ilmiöiden esitystä siinä on. Tarkastelen erityisesti sen performatiivisen maskuliinisuuden — eli varhaismodernin ajan sosiaalisen maskuliinisuuden esittämisen — kuvausta. Kysyn, näkyykö siinä maskuliininen valta suhteessa feminiiniseen. Analysoin veljeskunnan tieteellistä tukimusta ja sitä, minkälaista esoteerista/uskonnollista ajattelua sen taustalla on. Kysyn, minkälaista esoteerisuutta Bacon esittää ja miksi.
Tutkimuksen teoreettisena lähtökohtana ovat feministifilosofien Luce Irigarayn ja Judith Butlerin teoriat. Teoreettisena näkökulmana on Butlerin teoria sosiaalisen sukupuolen/maskuliinisuuden performatiivisuudesta. Lukutapa on hermeneuttinen ja analyysimenetelmä laadullinen sisällönanalyysi. Aika, rakkaus ja tieto toimivat analyyttisinä kategorioina. ”Ajan” kautta analysoin teoksen uskontoa ja historiaa. ”Rakkauden” avulla tutkin sen sukupuolisuutta ja lähimmäisen rakkautta. Teoksen esoteerisuutta ja luonnontutkimusta tarkastelen käyttämällä kategoriaa ”tieto” .
Tutkimus osoittaa uskonnollisuuden, sukupuolisuuden ja esoteerisuuden yhdistyvän toisiinsa New Atlantiksessa. Edellä mainitut ovat tarkemmin juutalais-kristillinen ajattelu, 1600-luvun performatiivisen maskuliinisuuden kuvaus ja esoteerinen tutkimus. Esimerkiksi Salomon talon isän kuvauksessa on viittauksia Jeesukseen. Muutamissa teoksen kohdissa rikotaan kirjoitusajankohdan sukupuolisia käsityksiä. Sen luonnontutkimus on esoteerista, miraakkelimaista ja veljet muistuttavat Aadamia, Jumalan työtoveria. Teoksessa utopia ja uskonnollisuus yhdistyvät Baconin versioihin millenialismista ja apokalyptisestä kristillisyydestä. Bensalem on Eedenin kaltainen. Tutkimukseni mukaan New Atlantiksessa olevia varhaismodernin ajan ideoita tulisi analysoida suhteessa kyseiseen aikaan.ei saavutettav
Benchmarking data-driven inversion methods for the estimation of local CO₂ emissions from synthetic satellite images of XCO₂ and NO₂
No full textThe largest anthropogenic emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) come from local sources, such as cities and power plants. The upcoming Copernicus CO2 Monitoring (CO2M) mission will provide satellite images of the CO2 and NO2 plumes associated with these sources at a resolution of 2 km × 2 km and with a swath of 250 km. These images could be exploited using atmospheric-plume inversion methods to estimate local CO2 emissions at the time of the satellite overpass and their corresponding uncertainties. To support the development of the operational processing of satellite imagery of the column-averaged CO2 dry-air mole fraction (XCO2) and tropospheric-column NO2, this study evaluates data-driven inversion methods, i.e., computationally light inversion methods that directly process information from satellite images, local winds, and meteorological data, without resorting to computationally expensive dynamical atmospheric transport models. We designed an objective benchmarking exercise to analyze and compare the performance of five different data-driven inversion methods: two implementations with different complexities for the cross-sectional flux approach (CSF and LCSF), as well as one implementation each for the integrated mass enhancement (IME), divergence (Div), and Gaussian plume (GP) model inversion approaches. This exercise is based on pseudo-data experiments with simulations of synthetic true emissions, meteorological and concentration fields, and CO2M observations across a domain of 750 km × 650 km, centered on eastern Germany, over 1 year. The performance of the methods is quantified in terms of the accuracy of single-image emission estimates (from individual images) or annual-average emission estimates (from the full series of images), as well as in terms of the number of instant estimates for the city of Berlin and 15 power plants within this domain. Several ensembles of estimations are conducted using different scenarios for the available synthetic datasets. These ensembles are used to analyze the sensitivity of performance to (1) data loss due to cloud cover, (2) uncertainty in the wind, or (3) the added value of simultaneous NO2 images. The GP and LCSF methods generate the most accurate estimates from individual images. The deviations between the emission estimates and the true emissions from these two methods have similar interquartile ranges (IQRs), ranging from ∼ 20 % to ∼ 60 % depending on the scenario. When taking cloud cover into account, these methods produce 274 and 318 instant estimates, respectively, from the ∼ 500 daily images, which cover significant portions of the plumes from the sources. Filtering the results based on the associated uncertainty estimates can improve the statistics of the IME and CSF methods but does so at the cost of a large decrease in the number of estimates. Due to a reliable estimation of uncertainty and, thus, a suitable selection of estimates, the CSF method achieves similar, if not better, accuracy statistics for instant estimates compared to the GP and LCSF methods after filtering. In general, the performance of retrieving single-image estimates improves when, in addition to XCO2 data, collocated NO2 data are used to characterize the structure of plumes. With respect to the estimates of annual emissions, the root mean square errors (RMSEs) for the most realistic benchmarking scenario are 20 % (GP), 27 % (CSF), 31 % (LCSF), 55 % (IME), and 79 % (Div). This study suggests that the Gaussian plume and/or cross-sectional approaches are currently the most efficient tools for providing estimates of CO2 emissions from satellite images, and their relatively light computational cost will enable the analysis of the massive amount of data to be provided by future satellite XCO2 imagery missions
A Paley-Wiener Theorem for the Mehler-Fock Transform
No full textIn this note, we prove a Paley-Wiener Theorem for the Mehler-Fock transform. In particular, we show that it induces an isometric isomorphism from the Hardy space H 2 ( C + ) \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document} onto L 2 ( R + , ( 2 pi ) - 1 t sinh ( pi t ) d t ) \documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}\end{document} . The proof we provide here is very simple and is based on an old idea that seems to be due to G. R. Hardy. As a consequence of this Paley-Wiener theorem we also prove a Parseval's theorem. In the course of the proof, we find a formula for the Mehler-Fock transform of some particular functions.Peer reviewe
Creating an entrepreneurs’ movement : SME associations as political actors in late twentieth-century Finland
No full textWhen scholars study business power, they usually focus on big business. Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which comprise the vast majority of companies, are therefore excluded. The article looks at how Finnish SMEs have defended their interests in an increasingly corporatist country. It focuses especially on how they have managed to resolve the collective action problem, which prior theoretical studies have identified as a major issue in the heterogonous SME sector. We find that one association managed to build ‘a movement’ by underlining common threats to SMEs. We also assess the steps taken by other, smaller and less populist SME associations, arguing that that such diversity has brought some benefits, as competing associations have employed different tactics and been active in separate arenas. This article is based on the archives of SME associations and other business associations as well as earlier research, memoirs, other published works and newspaper articles.Peer reviewe
Quantitative EEG features during the first day correlate to clinical outcome in perinatal asphyxia
No full textOBJECTIVE: To assess whether computational electroencephalogram (EEG) measures during the first day of life correlate to clinical outcomes in infants with perinatal asphyxia with or without hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE). METHODS: We analyzed four-channel EEG monitoring data from 91 newborn infants after perinatal asphyxia. Altogether 42 automatically computed amplitude- and synchrony-related EEG features were extracted as 2-hourly average at very early (6 h) and early (24 h) postnatal age; they were correlated to the severity of HIE in all infants, and to four clinical outcomes available in a subcohort of 40 newborns: time to full oral feeding (nasogastric tube NGT), neonatal brain MRI, Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) at three months, and Griffiths Scales at two years. RESULTS: At 6 h, altogether 14 (33%) EEG features correlated significantly to the HIE grade ([r]= 0.39-0.61, p < 0.05), and one feature correlated to NGT ([r]= 0.50). At 24 h, altogether 13 (31%) EEG features correlated significantly to the HIE grade ([r]= 0.39-0.56), six features correlated to NGT ([r]= 0.36-0.49) and HINE ([r]= 0.39-0.61), while no features correlated to MRI or Griffiths Scales. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that the automatically computed measures of early cortical activity may provide outcome biomarkers for clinical and research purposes.Peer reviewe
Oikeusperustaisen sosiaalityön käytännöt. Lastensuojelun sosiaalityön rooli suomalaislasten kotiutuksissa Syyrian leireiltä
No full textIn this article, we present an interdisciplinary analysis that combines perspectives of law and social work on the role of child welfare social work in Finnish repatriations of children from camps in north-eastern Syria after the territorial losses of the terrorist organisation ISIS in 2019. We used qualitative data that consists of interviews of professionals, which we analysed using thematic analysis. The findings show how a rights-based approach to the issue of repatriation helped to decrease tension in a highly politicised situation, making children’s rights the starting point of the decision making process followed by a professionally led bureaucratic process in which several children were repatriated from the camps in Syria. Social workers’ decisions in individual cases both affected the legal obligations of the state to repatriate and the repatriation processes. The actions taken by the social workers emerge as practices of rights-based social work. Importantly, the role of social workers has been essential in how rights of the children were negotiated and understood in an evolving process between authorities.Peer reviewe
Stock Assessment of Long Whisker Catfish (Mystus gulio): Ensuring the Fisheries’ Sustainability in the Sundarbans Mangrove, Bangladesh
No full textThe world’s largest mangrove, Sundarbans, Bangladesh, is the habitat of the euryhaline catfish Nona Tengra (Mystus gulio). This study aimed to assess the stock status of M. gulio and provide reference points for sustainable fisheries’ management. One-year length–frequency (LF) data were collected from the Sundarbans region of Bangladesh and analyzed using the Length-Based Bayesian Biomass (LBB) method and the Length-Based Spawning Potential Ratio (LBSPR) model. The findings showed healthy biomass (B/BMSY = 1.2), with 57% of the wild stock of this species being harvested (B/B0 = 0.43). The calculated fishing mortality ratio indicated the underfishing conditions (F/M = 0.9). Safe exploitation (E = 0.46) was depicted, as E was smaller than the permitted level of 0.5. The value of capture length (Lc = 12.8 cm) was larger than the optimum capture length (Lc_opt = 10.0 cm) and the optimum length for maximum yield per recruit (Lopt = 12.0 cm) and larger than the maturity length (Lm = 9.16 cm), indicating the capture of mature individuals. The calculated Spawning Potential Ratio (SPR = 48%) was higher than the target reference points (SPR = 40%). This research evaluated the sustainable stock status. Although the margin between Lc_opt and Lm is very narrow, setting the minimum capture size at Lopt would be a conservative buffer to ensure long-term sustainability. The recommended minimum harvest size is 12 cm for M. gulio. Current fishing gear selectivity can ensure the sustainability of M. gulio in Sundarbans, Bangladesh; however, maintaining current fishing practice through careful management is suggested. Further assessments with length-based and other low-data methods should be conducted to refine exploitation estimates and trends
The market ecosystem in the age of algorithms : An analysis of trading dynamics and market quality
No full textThis paper examines the impact of algorithmic trading on market quality using a unique NASDAQ OMX Nordic dataset from 2010–2011. We classify traders into algorithmic, institutional, professional, and retail categories. Using two-way fixed effects models and instrumental variables estimation, we find that algorithmic traders enhance liquidity by reducing bid-ask spreads by 0.28 basis points relative to retail traders, with similar effects from institutional traders. These effects persist during high volatility periods, while professional traders are associated with wider spreads. Surprisingly, retail traders emerge as significant liquidity providers, while algorithmic traders exhibit higher order cancellation rates. These findings contribute to the debate on algorithmic trading's role in modern markets and offer implications for market design and regulation.Peer reviewe
”Ikoni kuuluu kaikille” ”Se on semmosta hiljasta rukousta” – Suomalaisten ikonimaalausopettajien ajatukset ikonista ja ikonimaalauksesta
No full textTässä laadullisessa maisterintutkielmassa tutkitaan suomalaisten ikonimaalausopettajien ajatuksia ikonimaalauksen merkityksestä, perinteestä sekä ekumeenisuudesta. Tutkimusaihe on kiinnostava ja ajankohtainen, sillä monituhatvuotisen ikonimaalausperinteen pariin hakeutuu edelleen uusia ihmisiä. Ikonimaalausta voi harrastaa niin uskonnollisissa kuin sekulaareissa konteksteissa. Mitä toiminnan taustalla olevat opettajat ajattelevat? Tarkoitus on tuoda ikonimaalausopettajien ajatukset ja näkemykset tutkimuksen keskiöön.
Tutkimuksen tausta muodostui aiemmasta tutkimuksesta, ikonin ja ikonimaalauksen historiasta sekä ikoniteologiasta. Tutkimuksen aineisto kerättiin teemahaastatteluilla vuoden 2024 marraskuussa. Tutkimukseen haastateltiin yhteensä kuutta ikonimaalauksen opettajaa. Aineisto analysoitiin aineistolähtöisellä sisällönanalyysillä.
Tutkimuksen tulokset osoittivat, että ikonimaalaus ja sen opettaminen olivat merkityksellisiä ikonimaalauksen opettajille elämän eri osa-alueilla. Ikonit ja ikonimaalaus voivat olla hengellisen elämän ytimessä toimien rukouksen apuvälineinä. Ikonimaalausopettajien mukaan ikonimaalauksessa oli ekumeeninen ulottuvuus: erityisesti luterilaisten haastateltavien vastauksissa korostui heidän oma ekumeeninen ja universaali ajattelunsa. Ikonimaalauksen perinne ja sen välittäminen koettiin tärkeänä. Toiset haastateltavista korostivat erityisesti ikonimaalauksen hengellistä perinnettä. Ilmeni, että ikoniin on 1900-luvun ikoniteologian myötä liitetty sääntöjä ja perinnettä, jotka eivät perustu ortodoksisen kirkon dogmaattiseen opetukseen ikoneista.
Ikonimaalauksen opetuksessa paikka määritti opetuksen painotuksia, esimerkiksi ortodoksiseen ikonimaalaukseen kiinteästi kuuluva rukoileminen ei ollut mahdollista sekulaareissa opetusympäristöissä. Ikonimaalaus näyttäytyi tärkeänä toimintana myös sitä harrastavien hengellisen elämän kannalta. Tulokset paljastivat, että Bysantista ammentava ikonimaalausperinne on edelleen elinvoimainen ja herättää moniulotteisia merkityksiä
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