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Cyberchondria, Health Literacy, and Perception of Risk in Croatian Patients with Risk of Sexually Transmitted Infections and HIV—A Cross-Sectional Study
No full textBackground: The perception of the risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a well-researched phenomenon, but not in relation to cyberchondria and health literacy. Therefore, our aim was to examine the association between the assessment of the risk of sexually transmitted diseases and HIV, cyberchondria, and health literacy. Materials and methods: This study was conducted in 2020–2021 in Croatia. The experimental group consisted of patients from the Centre for Voluntary Counselling and Testing for HIV (N = 134). The control group consisted of other patients recruited from daily epidemiological practices (N = 171). The instruments that were used were questionnaires that measure the perception of risk of sexually transmitted infections and HIV, health literacy, and cyberchondria. Results: Out of 305 respondents, 134 (43.9%) were in the STI counselling group, and 171 (56.1%) were in the control group. Generally, the participants in the former perceived the risk of sexually transmitted infections and HIV to be higher (but still low) than those in the latter. There was no difference in health literacy between the STI and control group; the health literacy score was average in both groups. There were differences in almost all the cyberchondria factors, except for Mistrust. Health literacy, belonging to the STI counselling group, and risk behaviours were positively associated with CH in the logistic regression analysis. Conclusions: People with a risk for STIs tend to minimize this risk, have higher cyberchondria levels, and have average health literacy. Cyberchondria is positively associated with health literacy, and more education about excessive health-related internet research is needed
Atypical Plasma Cell Leukemia Mistaken for Acute Leukemia: A Case Report
No full textThe patient we present here had many clinical, morphological, and laboratory findings characteristic of acute leukemia. During the course of the disease, the diagnosis changed from acute leukemia to chronic small B-cell lymphoproliferative disease, a blastoid variant of mantle cell lymphoma, and finally to atypical plasma cell leukemia. Atypical plasma cell leukemia is a rare condition with aggressive biological behavior. Our patient relapsed a short time after achieving complete remission, in spite of aggressive therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. During relapse, it was possible to morphologically identify malignant cells as being of plasma cell origin, although immature and atypical. Atypical plasma cell leukemia presents a diagnostic challenge as it may mimic other neoplasms both morphologically and clinically. It is also recognized that plasma cell neoplasm immunophenotype may not be entirely specific for its lineage where common diagnostic biomarkers are applied by immunohistochemistry or flow cytometry. Where this is the case, only focused investigation for plasma cell lineage will be more informative. This patient has unusual clinical presentation, a nondescript morphology of the circulating plasma cells, as well as an immunophenotype, detected by the initial panels used for flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry, that was not entirely specific for plasma cells. Such cases present a good reminder of the diagnostic complexity of atypical plasma cell leukemia and emphasize that plasma cell differentiation needs to be interrogated in cases where the initial work-up shows unusual results
Retrobulbar Hemangioma in a Premature Child - a Case Report
No full textCilj: Prikazati rijetku lokalizaciju hemangioma u prijevremeno rođenog djeteta te ukazati na važnost ranog početka liječenja kako bi se spriječile moguće komplikacije. Prikaz slučaja: Prijevremeno rođeno žensko dijete upućeno je na konzilijarni pregled kod oftalmologa zbog edema gornje vjeđe lijevog oka te protruzije bulbusa u trajanju tri tjedna. Fizikalnim pregledom ustanovljena je blaga aksijalna, bezbolna proptoza lijevog bulbusa, palpebralni edem te sporiji zjenični odgovor. Učinjeni su nativni i postkontrastni MR te UZV B scan bulbusa i retroorbitalnog prostora. MR je ukazao na protruziju lijevog bulbusa uvjetovanu hemangiomom uz lateralnu konturu i krov orbite koji imprimira okolne mišiće te s mjestimičnim znakovima intrakonalnog širenja u područje posteriornog dijela orbite. Uočeno je širenje i kroz gornju orbitalnu fisuru do razine regije kavernoznog sinusa. Započeta je terapija propranololom. Nakon tri mjeseca od početka terapije UZV i MR pokazali su potpuno povlačenje tumorske tvorbe. Zaključak: Retrobulbarni hemangiomi zbog svoje lokalizacije mogu uzrokovati brojne teške komplikacije pa je potrebno što ranije dijagnosticiranje i početak liječenja kako bismo spriječili komplikacije. Zbog ograničenosti u terapijskom izboru, lijek prvog izbora je oralni propranolol.Aim: To present the rare localization of haemangioma in a premature child and to point out the importance of early treatment to prevent possible complications. Case report: A female prematurely born child was referred for a consultative examination by an ophthalmologist due to oedema of the upper eyelid of the left eye and bulbous protrusion lasting three weeks. Physical examination revealed mild axial, painless left bulbar proptosis, palpebral oedema and slower pupillary response. Native and postcontrast MR and UTZ B scan of the bulbus and retroorbital space were performed. MR showed protrusion of the left bulb caused by haemangioma along the lateral contour and the orbital roof, which impregnates the surrounding muscles and with localized signs of intraconal spread in the area of the posterior part of the orbit. Expansion was also observed through the upper orbital fissure to the level of the cavernous sinus region. Propranolol therapy was started. After three months after the start of therapy, UTZ and MRI showed a complete retreat of tumour formation. Conclusion: Because of their localization, retrobulbar haemangiomas can cause numerous serious complications, which, in order to prevent them, require early diagnosis and the start of treatment. Due to the limited therapeutic options, the drug of first choice is oral propranolol
Assessment of women's quality of life in relation to age
No full textKvaliteta života je složen i subjektivan koncept koji obuhvaća različite aspekte doživljavanja i zadovoljstva u životu. U posljednje vrijeme veliki je predmet istraživanja brojnih struka, od psihologije sve do epidemiologije. U današnje vrijeme prepoznata je važnost kvalitete života, koja se i dalje istražuje i razvija. Iako ne postoji jedinstvena definicija kvalitete života, za njezinu procjenu važno je uzeti u obzir subjektivne i objektivne čimbenike. Glavni cilj ovog istraživanja je prikazati i procijeniti kvalitetu života žena u odnosu na dob te procijeniti postoji li razlika između različitih dobnih skupina. Za istraživanje je korišten upitnik Svjetske zdravstvene organizacije WHOQOL- BREF koji je koncipiran na način da mjeri kvalitetu života populacije različitih životnih dobi. WHOQOL-BREF upitnik daje profil kvalitete života koji se temelji na modelu koji kvalitetu života objašnjava kroz četiri domene: fizičko zdravlje, psihičko zdravlje, društvena interakcija i okolina. Istraživanje se jednim djelom provelo online putem Google forms obrasca koji je bio podijeljen na društvenim mrežama namijenjen mlađoj populaciji žena, dok se drugi dio proveo uživo anketirajući žene starije životne dobi. U istraživanju je sudjelovalo 164 ispitanica, od kojih 89 (54,3%) ispitanica mlađe dobi i 75 (45,7%) ispitanica starije dobi. Uočeno je da zadovoljstvo životom opada s dobi. Sličan trend pronađen je i za pojedine domene kvalitete života. Ove razlike u percepciji i iskustvima ukazuju na potrebu za personaliziranim pristupom pri kreiranju politika i programa usmjerenih na poboljšanje kvalitete života žena u različitim dobnim skupinama.The quality of life is a complex and subjective concept that encompasses various aspects of experiencing and enjoying life. Recently, it has been a major research subject in numerous fields, from psychology to epidemiology. Nowadays, the importance of quality of life has been recognized, which is still under research and development. Although there is no single definition of the quality of life, for its assessment it is important to take into consideration both subjective and objective factors. The main goal of this research is to show and evaluate the women’s quality of life in relation to age, as well as assessing whether there is a difference between different age groups. The World Health Organization WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire was used for the research, which is designed to measure the quality of life of differently aged populations. The WHOQOL-BREF questionnaire provides a quality-of-life profile. It is based on a model that explains the quality of life across four domains: physical health, psychological health, social interaction, and environment. One part of the research was conducted online through a Google Forms survey that was shared on social networks intended for the population of younger women, while the other part was conducted in person by surveying older women. A total number of 164 respondents participated in the research, of which, 89 (54.3%) were younger respondents and 75 (45.7%) were older respondents. It has been observed that life satisfaction decreases with age, as well as certain domains of the quality of life. These differences in perception and experiences indicate the need for a personalized approach when creating policies and programs aimed at improving the quality of life of women in different age groups
Alexithymia and Its Potential Predictors Obtained from a Sample of Patients with Anxiety and Psychosomatic Disorders
No full textAleksitimija je konstrukt s nedvojbenim učinkom na zdravlje i nošenje s bolešću i procesom liječenja. Istraživanje o
toj bolesti bilo je provedeno na klinikama za psihijatriju i internu medicinu KBC-a Rijeka na uzorku od 100 ispitanika
podijeljenih u dvije skupine: oboljelih od anksioznih i oboljelih od psihosomatskih poremećaja. Glavni cilj ovog rada
bio je ispitati potencijalne prediktore aleksitimije pri čemu su u razmatranje uzeti sljedeći parametri: lokus kontrole
zdravlja, stupnjevi anksioznosti i depresivnosti, te pojedina sociodemografska obilježja. Specifični se ciljevi odnose na
ispitivanje povezanosti stupnja izraženosti aleksitimije sa stupnjem izraženosti svakog pojedinog prediktora. Ispitan
je i stupanj aktivacije simpatikusa u ispitivanim skupinama. Korišten je sljedeći instrumentarij: Sociodemografska
anketa, Torontska ljestvica aleksitimije - 26, Hopkins - 25 ljestvica simptoma i Upitnik za ispitivanje percipiranog
izvora kontrole zdravlja. Za potrebe mjerenja tlaka koristio se manualni tlakomjer i stetoskop, srčana frekvencija
mjerila se pulsnim oksimetrom, a frekvencija disanja neposrednim opažanjem istraživača. Sukladno ciljevima,
ustanovljeno je da postoji statistički značajna pozitivna povezanost aleksitimije, vanjskog lokusa kontrole zdravlja,
anksioznosti i depresivnosti. Pojedinci s višim stupnjem aleksitimije pokazali su očuvan autonomni emocionalni
odgovor. Utvrđeno je da su niža stručna sprema, viši stupnjevi depresivnosti i anksioznosti te prisutnost izraženijeg
vanjskog lokusa kontrole zdravlja objektivni prediktori aleksitimije.Alexithymia is a construct that has an undeniable effect on health and on coping with a disease and the treatment
process. A study of this condition was conducted at the Departments of Psychiatry and Internal Medicine at the Clinical
Hospital Center Rijeka, on a sample of 100 respondents divided into two groups: patients with anxiety disorders and
patients with psychosomatic disorders. The main objective of this paper was to examine the potential predictors of
alexithymia, taking into consideration the following parameters: the health locus of control, degrees of anxiety and
depression, and individual sociodemographic characteristics. The specific goals refer to examining the association
between the degree of alexithymia expression and the degree of expression of each individual predictor. The degree
of sympathetic nervous system activation in the test groups was also examined. The following instruments were used:exthe
Sociodemographic Survey, the Toronto Alexithymia Scale-26, the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-25 and the Perceived
Source of Health Control Questionnaire. A manual blood pressure monitor and stethoscope were used for blood
pressure measurement, heart rate was measured with a pulse oximeter, while respiratory rate was measured by direct
observation of the researchers. Consistent with the objectives, a statistically significant positive association was found
between alexithymia, the external health locus of control, anxiety and depression. Individuals with a higher degree
of alexithymia displayed a preserved autonomic emotional response. It was determined that lower education, higher
degrees of depression and anxiety, and the presence of a more pronounced external health locus of control are objective
indicators of alexithymia
Circulatory shock in surgical patients
No full textCirkulacijski šok označava životno ugrožavajuće stanje u kojem, zbog smanjene prokrvljenosti organskih sustava, organa i tkiva, dolazi do neadekvatne oksigenacije tkiva, što rezultira nemogućnošću održavanja aerobnog metabolizma. Ako se cirkulacijski šok pravovremeno ne prepozna i ne liječi, dolazi do višesustavnih organskih poremećaja, oštećenja organa i smrti stanica. Dolazi do nastupa ireverzibilne multiorganske disfunkcije te, u konačnici, smrti cijelog organizma.Godine 2016. dana je nova definicija sepse kao životno ugrožavajuće disfunkcije organa koja se javlja kao posljedica nereguliranog odgovora domaćina na infekciju. Najčešći uzroci septičkog šoka su infekcije koje mogu proizaći iz perforacije crijeva, dehiscencije anastomoze ili postoperativnih rana. Sepsa je vodeći uzrok mortaliteta (49)% nakon transplantacije tankog crijeva. Septičke komplikacije najčešći su uzrok smrti i kod kirurških resekcija gušterače. Hipovolemijski šok nastaje zbog značajnog gubitka tekućine unutar krvnih žila s posljedičnim padom tlakova punjenja srčanih komora (pad središnjeg venskog i plućnog kapilarnog tlaka). Smanjeni priljev krvi u srce (preload) rezultira nedovoljnim punjenjem ventrikula i smanjenim srčanim minutnim izbačajem. Dolazi do povećanja srčane frekvencije i porasta perifernog krvožilnog otpora. Insuficijencija šavne linije anastomoze jedna je od najozbiljnijih komplikacija kirurških zahvata na crijevima zbog povećanih stopa reoperacija, duljeg boravka u bolnici, morbiditeta, mortaliteta te značajnog utjecaja na kvalitetu života. Zarastanje anastomoze složen je proces. Biokemijska osnova leži u razgradnji starog i produkciji novog kolagena (osnovna gradivna tvar anastomoze). Da Vinci robotska kirurgija je jedna od najnovijih trendova u minimalno invazivnoj kirurgiji. Prevladava mnoge tehničke ograničenja tradicionalne laparoskopije te ima značajne prednosti kao što su stereoskopski vid, preciznija kirurška operacija i eliminacija podrhtavanja operatera.Circulatory shock refers to a life-threatening condition in which, due to reduced blood flow to the organ systems, organs, and tissues, there is inadequate oxygenation of tissues, resulting in the inability to maintain aerobic metabolism. If circulatory shock is not promptly recognized and treated, it leads to multi-organ dysfunction, organ damage, and cell death. This leads to irreversible multi-organ dysfunction and, ultimately, death of the entire organism. In 2016, a new definition of sepsis was given as a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection. The most common causes of septic shock are infections that may arise from bowel perforation, anastomotic dehiscence, or postoperative wounds. Sepsis is the leading cause of mortality (49%) after small bowel transplantation. Septic complications are also the most common cause of death in pancreatic surgical resections. Hypovolemic shock occurs due to a significant loss of fluid within the blood vessels, leading to a decrease in ventricular filling pressures (central venous pressure and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure). Reduced venous return to the heart (preload) results in inadequate ventricular filling and decreased cardiac output. There is an increase in heart rate and peripheral vascular resistance. Anastomotic dehiscence is one of the most serious complications of bowel surgery due to increased reoperation rates, longer hospital stays, morbidity, mortality, and a significant impact on the quality of life. Healing of anastomosis is a complex process. The biochemical basis lies in the breakdown of old collagen and the production of new collagen (the basic building material of anastomosis). Da Vinci robotic surgery is one of the latest trends in minimally invasive surgery. It overcomes many technical limitations of traditional laparoscopy and has significant advantages such as stereoscopic vision, more precise surgical operation, and elimination of operator tremor
Generalized anxiety disorder
No full textGeneralizirani anksiozni poremećaj karakterizira pretjerana tjeskoba i zabrinutost koja se javlja više dana nego ne tijekom najmanje šest mjeseci, u vezi s nizom događaja ili aktivnosti. Anksioznost, zabrinutost i fizički simptomi uzrokuju klinički značajno oštećenje u društvenim, profesionalnim ili drugim važnim područjima funkcioniranja. U Europi je utvrđena doživotna prevalencija ovog mentalnog poremećaja od 2,8 do 6,2%. Genetski čimbenici predisponiraju pojedince za razvoj GAP-a. Istraživanja su pokazala nasljednost od 30%. Osim utjecaja pojedinih gena, ispitivana je i važnost okolišnih čimbenika, pa je tako pokazana važnost rane razvojne traume i nedavnih stresnih životnih događaja. Provedena su brojna istraživanja o razlikama u anatomiji i funkciji pojedinih regija mozga koje su prisutne kod osoba s razvijenom kliničkom slikom GAP-a. Važnu ulogu u anksioznim poremećajima imaju amigdala i prefrontalni korteks. Prilikom pregleda pacijenta utvrđuje se ispunjava li dijagnostičke kriterije. Također je bitno isključiti druga moguća stanja jer je anksioznost prisutna kao simptom u mnogim mentalnim poremećajima, ali i nepatološkim stanjima kao što je anksioznost povezana sa stresom. Generalizirani anksiozni poremećaj često dolazi u komorbiditetu s velikim depresivnim poremećajem kao i s drugim anksioznim poremećajima. Glavni pristupi liječenju su korištenje farmakoterapije, psihoterapije te njihova kombinacija. Odabir metode liječenja je individualiziran. Kao lijekove prve linije u farkamološkom liječenju koriste se selektivni inhibitori ponovne pohrane serotonina i inhibitori ponovne pohrane serotonina-noradrenalina. U psihoterapijskom pristupu najčešće se primjenjuje kognitivno-bihevioralna terapija.Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by excessive anxiety and worry that occurs more
days than not for at least six months, related to a series of events or activities. Anxiety, worry
and physical symptoms cause significant impairment in social, occupational, or other areas of
life. In Europe, the lifetime prevalence of this mental disorder has been determined to be from
2.8 to 6.2%. Genetic factors predispose individuals to generalized anxiety disorder. Research
has shown a heritability of 30%. In addition to the influence of genes, the importance of
environmental factors was also investigated, thus demonstrating the importance of early
developmental trauma and recent stressful life events. Numerous studies have been conducted
on the differences in the anatomy and function of certain brain regions that are present in people
with a developed clinical picture of GAD. The amygdala and prefrontal cortex play an
important role. During the examination of the patient the goal is to determine whether he meets
the diagnostic criteria. It is also important to exclude other possible conditions because anxiety
is present in many mental disorders, but also in non-pathological conditions such as stressrelated anxiety. Generalized anxiety disorder often occurs in comorbidity with major depressive
disorder as well as with other anxiety disorders. The main approaches to treatment are the use
of pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy or both. The choice of treatment is individualized.
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors are used
as first-line drugs in pharmacological treatment. In the psychotherapy approach, cognitivebehavioral therapy is most often used
Is Arterial Stiffness Interconnected with Cardiovascular Drug Prescription Patterns, Body Composition Parameters, and the Quality of Blood Pressure Regulation in Hypertensive Patients?
No full textBackground: Arterial hypertension (AH) is a significant risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is associated with increased arterial stiffness, particularly as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV). This study aims to explore the relationships between age groups, antihypertensive and new oral antidiabetic drugs, body composition, and arterial stiffness parameters in hypertensive patients. Methods: A single-center cross-sectional study was conducted including 584 participants who underwent 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (including central blood pressure (BP) and PWV measurement), body composition analysis, and provided medical history and current pharmacotherapy data. Results: The study found that PWV was significantly higher in patients with poorly regulated BP in those aged 65 years and older. Significant PWV predictors included systolic BP, heart rate, peripheral mean arterial pressure, peripheral pulse pressure, augmentation index, calcium channel blockers, moxonidine, sodium–glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors, urapidil, and statin prescription. Also, statistically significant negative correlations were found between PWV and visceral fat level, fat-free mass, and the percentage of muscle mass. Conclusions: The findings suggest that arterial stiffness is interconnected with peripheral and central blood pressure parameters, body composition parameters, and prescribed hypertensive and new antidiabetic drugs
Immune surveillance of cytomegalovirus in tissues
No full textCytomegalovirus (CMV), a representative member of the Betaherpesvirinae subfamily of herpesviruses, is common in the human population, but immunocompetent individuals are generally asymptomatic when infected with this virus. However, in immunocompromised individuals and immunologically immature fetuses and newborns, CMV can cause a wide range of often long-lasting morbidities and even death. CMV is not only widespread throughout the population but it is also widespread in its hosts, infecting and establishing latency in nearly all tissues and organs. Thus, understanding the pathogenesis of and immune responses to this virus is a prerequisite for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies. Multiple arms of the immune system are engaged to contain the infection, and general concepts of immune control of CMV are now reasonably well understood. Nonetheless, in recent years, tissue-specific immune responses have emerged as an essential factor for resolving CMV infection. As tissues differ in biology and function, so do immune responses to CMV and pathological processes during infection. This review discusses state-of-the-art knowledge of the immune response to CMV infection in tissues, with particular emphasis on several well studied and most commonly affected organs
Clinical impact of human papilloma virus in oropharyngeal carcinoma
No full textCilj rada: Analizirati važnost humanog papiloma virusa kod orofaringealnog karcinoma.
Materijali i metode: U retrospektivno istraživanje uključeno je 75 bolesnika liječenih u Klinici
za otorinolaringologiju i kirurgiju glave i vrata KBC-a Rijeka.
Rezultati: Od 75 bolesnika, 12 su bila ženskog, a 63 muškog spola. Medijan dobi iznosio je 66
godina (raspon 36-83 godine). Najčešće sijelo tumora bile su tonzile, a najrjeđe stražnji zid
ždrijela. Tumori su prema TNM klasifikaciji bili svrstani u T1 (28%), T2 (32%), T3 (17%),
T4a(11%), T4b (12%). Kod 28 bolesnika je učinjena HPV tipizacija od čega je u 12 bolesnika
dokazana HPV infekcija uključujući podtip virusa, dok je u 47 bolesnika status infekcije
nepoznat. Kod HPV pozitivnih bolesnika, 10 bolesnika (83,3%) je zaraženo tipom 16, jedan
bolesnik (8,3%) tipom 31 te je kod jednog bolesnika (8,3%) dokazan izražaj p16. Gotovo svi
pacijenti s HPV pozitivnim orofaringealnim karcinomom su se prezentirali stadijem I (91, 7%),
odnosno stadijem II (8,3%). Kirurgijom je liječen 31 bolesnik (41%), od čega je kod 12
bolesnika kirurgija ostala jedinim modalitetom liječenja dok je kod 19 bolesnika (25%)
primjenjena postoperativna radioterapija. 35 bolesnika (47%) je liječeno primarnom
(kemo)radioterapijom, dok 9 (12%) nije pristalo na aktivno onkološko liječenje ili su bili
terminalni bolesnici. Prosječno vrijeme praćenja je bilo 22,4 mjeseca. Sveukupno preživljenje
iznosilo je 49%, dok je u dokazano HPV pozitivnih 100%.
Zaključak: Liječenje orofaringealnih karcinoma je izazov obzirom na mogućnosti liječenja koje
su u rasponu od kirurškog zahvata do (kemo)radioterapije. Određivanje HPV satusa je
neizostavni dio dijagnostike orofaringealnog karcinoma jer može značajno olakšati odluku
prilikom odabira modaliteta liječenja.Objective: To analyze the importance of human papillomavirus in oropharyngeal cancer.
Materials and methods: 75 patients treated at the Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology and Head and
Neck Surgery of KBC Rijeka were included in the retrospective study.
Results: Out of 75 patients, 12 were female and 63 were male. The median age was 66 years
(range 36-83 years). The most common site of tumor were the tonsils, and the least frequent
was the back wall of the pharynx. According to the TNM classification, the tumors were
classified as T1 (28%), T2 (32%), T3 (17%), T4a (11%), T4b (12%). In 28 patients, HPV typing
was performed, of which 12 patients were proven to have HPV infection, including the subtype
of the virus, while in 47 patients, the infection status was unknown. In HPV positive patients,
10 patients (83.3%) were infected with type 16, one patient (8.3%) with type 31, and in one
patient (8.3%) expression of p16 was determined. Almost all patients with HPV-positive
oropharyngeal cancer were presented with stage I (91.7%) or stage II (8.3%). 31 patients (41%)
were treated with surgery, of which it remained the only treatment modality in 12 patients, while
postoperative radiotherapy was used in 19 patients (25%). 35 patients (47%) were treated with
primary (chemo)radiotherapy, while 9 (12%) did not agree to active oncological treatment or
were terminal patients. The average follow-up time is 22.4 months. The overall survival was
49%, while in proven HPV positive patients was 100%.
Conclusion: The treatment of oropharyngeal cancers is a challenge considering the treatment
possibilities range from surgery to (chemo)radiotherapy. Determination of HPV status is an
indispensable part of the diagnosis of oropharyngeal cancer, as it can significantly facilitate the
decision when choosing a treatment modality