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Growth factor dependent changes in nanoscale architecture of focal adhesions
Full text linkFocal adhesions (FAs) are flat elongated structures that mediate cell migration and link the cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. Along the vertical axis FAs were shown to be composed of three layers. We used structured illumination microscopy to examine the longitudinal distribution of four hallmark FA proteins, which we also used as markers for these layers. At the FA ends pointing towards the adherent membrane edge (heads), bottom layer protein paxillin protruded, while at the opposite ends (tails) intermediate layer protein vinculin and top layer proteins zyxin and VASP extended further. At the tail tips, only intermediate layer protein vinculin protruded. Importantly, head and tail compositions were altered during HGF-induced scattering with paxillin heads being shorter and zyxin tails longer. Additionally, FAs at protruding or retracting membrane edges had longer paxillin heads than FAs at static edges. These data suggest that redistribution of FA-proteins with respect to each other along FAs is involved in cell movement
Assessment and Improvement of Intensive Care for patients with Traumatic Brain Injury
No full textThe overall aim of this thesis is to describe variation in management of TBI patients among European ICUs, and to assess the quality and effectiveness of some components of ICU care for TBI patients
Family Literacy in Context: Exploring the compatibility of a family literacy program with children’s homes and schools
Full text linkToo much to know? The cognitive demands of daily knowledge seeking and the buffering role of coworker contact quality
Full text linkTo get their work done and achieve their daily work-related goals, employees seek knowledge from their coworkers. While the benefits of knowledge seeking have been established in the literature, we have yet to understand the potential downsides of daily knowledge seeking. We adopt a cognitive perspective to carve out the negative effect of daily knowledge seeking, while controlling for its established positive effect via perceived learning. Based on cognitive load theory, we argue that daily knowledge seeking produces intrinsic cognitive load that can hinder daily goal attainment through the experience of knowledge overload and subsequent resource depletion. However, the relational context in which knowledge seekers interact with knowledge sources represents an important contextual boundary condition. Coworker contact quality can mitigate the effect of knowledge seeking on knowledge overload because high coworker contact quality reduces extraneous (i.e., ineffective) and increases germane (i.e., productive) cognitive load that knowledge seekers experience when navigating the social interaction with knowledge sources. Under this condition, cognitive capacity is freed up and knowledge overload is less likely to occur. Based on an experience sampling study in which we collected data across 10 working days from 189 German employees, we found support for our hypotheses. An employee’s knowledge seeking had a negative indirect effect on goal attainment via knowledge overload and subsequent resource depletion, however, the downsides of daily knowledge seeking became less pronounced when coworker contact quality increased. We discuss the implications of our findings for research on knowledge seeking and resource exchange behaviors
‘I am German when we win, but I am an immigrant when we lose’
Full text link‘I am German when we win, but I am an immigrant when we lose’. With this powerful statement Mesut Özil resigned from Germany’s national football team. His resignation act not only highlights growing controversies and uneasiness around the representation of the football nation by players with migration backgrounds, but also marks the fragility of national belonging. In this article, we deconstruct in detail Özil’s powerful resignation elaborating upon Norbert Elias and John Scotson’s (1994 (1965)) ‘established– utsider model’. With this, we will analyse the power dynamics underlying the processes of national belonging. Moreover, we extend the established-outsider approach by using the fluid and contextual borders between formal and moral deservedness of citizenship. In our conclusion, we revisit Özil’s statement and recapitulate our theoretical explanations on the sensitivities of this case as well on how to navigate a way out of the contested competition between nationalities in the context of international football
Treatment Optimization for Metastatic Prostate Cancer through Preclinical Models and Systems
Full text linkReformulating Jan Tinbergen’s Normative Vision on Welfare and Security
Full text linkThis article builds on the intellectual legacy of Jan Tinbergen by extending his analysis on welfare and security into a
framework involving strategic interaction. I first incorporate welfare and security in terms of interstate tensions into a
single utility or payoff function. An uncertain world is characterized by states that are more peaceful, and others
where nations are more hostile to each other. Both conflictual and peaceful outcomes lie along a spectrum of hostility
short of war. The strategies adopted by the two countries, which promote peace, can be complements or substitutes.
This means that they can go up or down in response to increases in the strategies of its rival. I demonstrate that noncooperative
behaviour between nations is Pareto inferior to cooperative behaviour, because the latter is associated
with more actions and efforts to promote peace. Cooperative behaviour is akin to Tinbergen’s notion of world
government. Non-cooperative behaviour by states also leads to moral hazard, and there can be free-riding in joint
peaceful behaviour by some nations, particularly when the strategies of the countries are substitutes. The model is
extended to aggressive international behaviour, including that mandated by populist plebiscites or election victories,
as well as an outline of individual behaviour driven by identity-based politics
The potential of using hair cortisol to measure chronic stress in occupational healthcare; a scoping review
Full text linkOBJECTIVES: Workplace-based selective prevention of mental health problems currently relies on subjective evaluation of stress complaints. Hair cortisol captures chronic stress responses and could be a promising biomarker for the early identification of mental health problems. The objective was to provide an overview of the state-of-the-art knowledge on the practical value of hair cortisol in the occupational setting. METHODS: We performed a scoping review of cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in PubMed, Embase, and PsycINFO up to November 2019 assessing the relations of hair cortisol with work-related stressors, perceived stress, and mental health outcomes in healthy workers. RESULTS: We found five longitudinal studies, of which two observed an increase in work-related stressors to be associated with higher hair cortisol, one found a relation with lower hair cortisol and one did not find a relationship. Findings of cross-sectional studies were also mixed. The one available longitudinal study regarding mental health showed that hair cortisol was not related to depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS: Hair cortisol measurement within occupational health research is still in its early stage and more longitudinal studies are urgently needed to clarify its relationship with work-related stressors and perceived stress before hair cortisol can be used to identify workers at risk for mental health problems
A narrative review of predictors for β-lactam antibiotic exposure during empirical treatment in critically ill patients
Full text linkIntroduction: : Emerging studies suggest that antibiotic pharmacokinetics (PK) are difficult to predict in critically ill patients. The high intra- and inter-patient PK variability makes it challenging to accurately predict the appropriate dosage required for a given patient. Identifying patients at risk could help clinicians to consider more individualized dosing regimens and perform therapeutic drug monitoring. We provide an overview of relevant predictors associated with target (non-)attainment of β-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients. Areas covered: : This narrative review summarizes patient and clinical characteristics that can help to predict the attainment of target serum concentrations and to provide guidance on antimicrobial dose optimization. Literature was searched using Embase and Medline database, focusing on β-lactam antibiotics in critically ill patients. Expert opinion: : Adequate concentration attainment can be anticipated in critically ill patients prior to initiating empiric β-lactam antibiotic therapy based on readily available demographic and clinical factors. Male gender, younger age, and augmented renal clearance were the most significant predictors for target non-attainment and should be considered in further investigations to develop dosing algorithms for optimal β-lactam therapy