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Seismic Analysis of the Dry Masonry Bell Tower of the Church of St. Martin in Ruina – Italy : Master's Thesis
No full textU ovom radu provedena je numerička analiza ponašanja suho zidanog zvonika uslijed potresnog djelovanja. Analiza je provedena na zidanoj konstrukciji izgrađenoj u 17. stoljeću koja ima namjenu zvonika, a smještena je u gradu Ruina s južne strane rijeke Po u Italiji. Metoda proračuna korištena u ovom radu temelji se na Kombiniranoj metodi konačno-diskretnih elemenata. Zvonik je modeliran s dvije vrste blokova različitih veličina i dvije vrste podloga, uz usvojena tri različita prigušenja. Kao pobuda korišten je potres koji se dogodio u Crnoj Gori-Petrovac 1979. U okviru rada provedena je inkrementalna dinamička analiza do potpunog sloma konstrukcije.In this paper, a numerical analysis of the behavior of a dry masonry belfry due to exposure to seismic action was performed. The analysis was carried out on a brick structure built in the 17th century, which has the purpose of a bell tower and is located in the city of Ruina on the south side of the Po River in Italy. The calculation method used in this paper is based on the Combined finite-discrete element method. The belfry is modeled with two types of blocks of different sizes and two types of foundations, with three different attenuations adopted. The earthquake that occurred in Montenegro-Petrovac in 1979 was used as a stimulus. As part of the paper, an incremental dynamic analysis was carried out until the complete collapse of the structure
Conservation and restoration procedures on mosaic fragments from the collection of the Archaeological Museum in Split
No full textU stražnjem dvorištu Arheološkog muzeja u Splitu nalazi se značajna količina arheološkog materijala, koja je u taj prostor smještena radi privremene ili trajne pohrane, u očekivanju konzervatorsko-restauratorskih zahvata ili jednostavno zbog ostvarenja sigurnijih uvjeta nego što bi to bilo moguće ostvariti na izvornim lokalitetima. U određenim slučajevima, suvremeni je život Salone uzrokovao uništenje nekih lokaliteta, ili slučajne pronalaske artefakata tijekom poljodjelskih radova, pa su istraživači, ravnatelji muzeja, ili muzejski kustosi otkupljivali nalaze i pohranjivali ih u muzej. Među tim materijalom posebnu pozornost konzervatora-restauratora privuklo je trinaest paleta s ulomcima mozaika kojima je bila potrebna hitna intervencija zbog izrazito lošeg stanja - bili su prekriveni mahovinom, borovim iglicama i smolom, određeni su se ulomci prelamali, a njihov teselatum se odvajao od podloge. Ova znatna količina materijala predstavljala je izazov u svakom pogledu, počevši od nedostatka izvorne povijesne dokumentacije o njihovom porijeklu i okolnostima njihovog dopremanja u muzej, pa sve do planiranja budućih restauratorskih radova na svakom pojedinom ulomku, odgovarajućeg načina pohrane i eventualne prezentacije. Premda je hitna, preliminarna intervencija na tim mozaicima započela je prije nekoliko godina, kada je glavnina materijala dokumentirana i kataloški obrađena, dok pitanja konzervacije i prezentacije nisu razriješena, te je svakim tjednom bilo vidljivo narušavanje stanja, odnosno cjelovitosti ulomaka mozaika. Zbog izrazito nepovoljnih uvjeta čuvanja u dvorištu sub divo, mozaici su prebačeni u dislocirano skladište (depo) Arheološkog muzeja u Solinu, kako bi se olakšala priprema za konzervatorsko-restauratorske radove. Premještanjem u depo započela je njihova detaljna konzervatorsko – restauratorska obrada, uključujući čišćenje, spajanje ulomaka i izradu privremenih podloga. Ovi su zahvati omogućili njihovo primjereno čuvanje i značajno usporili njihovo propadanje, čime su stvoreni preduvjeti za njihovo buduće istraživanje i prezentaciju, posebno u svjetlu mogućnosti pronalaska novih ulomaka ili podataka o njihovom porijeklu.In the backyard of the Archaeological Museum in Split, there is a significant amount of archaeological material, placed in this space for temporary or permanent storage, awaiting conservation-restoration interventions, or simply due to the need for safer conditions than could be provided at the original sites. In certain cases, the modern life of Salona caused the destruction of some sites, or accidental discoveries of artifacts during agricultural works, leading researchers, museum directors, or museum curators to acquire the finds and store them in the museum. Among this material, special attention from conservators-restorers was drawn to thirteen pallets with mosaic fragments that required urgent intervention due to their extremely poor condition – they were covered with moss, pine needles, and resin; some fragments were breaking apart, and their tessellatum was detaching from the substrate. This substantial amount of material posed a challenge in every respect, starting with the lack of original historical documentation regarding their origin and the circumstances of their transport to the museum, all the way to planning future restoration work on each individual fragment, finding appropriate storage methods, and potential presentation. Although an urgent, preliminary intervention on these mosaics began several years ago, when the majority of the material was documented and cataloged, the questions of conservation and presentation remained unresolved, and the deterioration, i.e., the fragmentation of the mosaic pieces, became more evident each week. Due to extremely unfavorable storage conditions in the open-air courtyard, the mosaics were transferred to an off-site storage facility (depot) of the Archaeological Museum in Solin, to facilitate preparation for conservation-restoration works. With the move to the depot, their detailed conservation-restoration treatment began, including cleaning, joining fragments, and creating temporary supports. These measures enabled their proper preservation and significantly slowed down their deterioration, creating the conditions necessary for their future research and presentation, especially in light of the possibility of discovering new fragments or data about their origin
Impact of storage conditions on the aromatic profile of virgin olive oils : bachelor thesis
No full textMaslina (Olea europea) jedna je od najstarijih kultiviranih biljaka i ključna kultura u jadranskom dijelu Hrvatske. Djevičanska maslinova ulja, proizvedena isključivo mehaničkim postupcima tiještenja zdravih plodova masline, izdvajaju se svojim jedinstvenim sastavom i aromom. Hlapljivi spojevi koji se razvijaju tijekom i nakon ekstrakcije ulja značajno doprinose njegovom aromatičnom profilu. Osim berbe i prerade, na kvalitetu maslinovog ulja utječu adekvatna dorada i pravilno skladištenje, što je ključno za očuvanje ulja i zaštitu od štetnih vanjskih utjecaja. Cilj ovog Završnog rada bio je ispitati utjecaj načina čuvanja djevičanskog maslinovog ulja, dobivenog preradom različitih sorti maslina (Oblica, Leccino i Levantinka) ubranih s dva različita lokaliteta, na aromatični profil ulja. Uzroci su čuvani na tri načina: u tamnoj staklenoj boci na suhom i tamnom mjestu, u inox spremniku te u inox spremniku s dušikom u natprostoru. Analize su provedene svako 6 mjeseci u periodu od 18 mjeseci. Iz dobivenih rezultata utvrđeno je da odabir načina čuvanja ima izražen utjecaj na aromatični profil djevičanskih maslinovih ulja. Rezultati svih načina čuvanja ulja pokazali su blagi trend pada hlapljivih spojeva koji se povezuju pozitivnim aromama. Čuvanje ulja u tamnoj staklenoj boci i inox spremnicima s dušikom u natprostoru se pokazalo kao izrazito dobar način čuvanja, naročito za sprječavanja procesa oksidacije. Ulja čuvana u inox spremniku bez korištenja dušika u natprostoru bila su podložnija procesima oksidacije što je rezultiralo povećanim udjelom hlapljivih spojeva koji se povezuju s negativnim aromama ulja.The olive (lat. Olea europea) is one of the oldest cultivated plants and a key crop in the Adriatic region of Croatia. Virgin olive oils, produced exclusively through mechanical processes by pressing healthy olive fruits, stand out due to their unique composition and aroma. The volatile compounds that develop during and after the oil extraction significantly contribute to its aromatic profile. In addition to harvesting and processing, the quality of olive oil is influenced by appropriate refinement and proper storage, which are crucial for preserving the oil and protecting it from harmful external factors. The aim of this thesis was to investigate the impact of storage methods on the aromatic profile of virgin olive oil obtained from the processing of different olive varieties (Oblica, Leccino, and Levantinka) harvested from two different locations. The samples were stored in three different ways: in a dark glass bottle in a dry and dark place, in a stainless steel tank, and in a stainless steel tank with nitrogen in the headspace. Analyses were conducted every six months over a period of 18 months. The results indicated that the choice of storage condition has a significant effect on the aromatic profile of the virgin olive oil. The results of all methods of oil storage showed a slight trend of decreasing volatile compounds associated with positive aromas. Storing the oil in a dark glass bottle and in nitrogen-filled stainless steel tanks proved to be an extremely effective way to preserve the oil, particularly in preventing oxidation processes. In contrast, oils stored in a stainless steel tank without using nitrogen in the headspace were more susceptible to oxidation processes, which resulted in an increased proportion of volatile compounds that are associated with the negative aromas of the oil
Effect of UV-C radiation on protein interaction between KRAS and RAF1 RAS binding domain
No full textCilj : Svrha ovog rada je opisati i razjasniti kako oksidacija utječe na funkcionalne posljedice
interakcije KRAS i RBD (RAF1 RAS-vezna domena) proteina.
Metode: Korištenjem HEK293 stanica, proizvedeni su potrebni proteini za analizu. Nakon analize
stanica, proteini su izloženi tretmanu UV-C zračenja. Zatim su određene razne varijante pri
kojima su proteini stupali u protein-protein interakcija. Zadnji korak je odraditi Western blot
analizu koristeći SIMPL metodu gdje su rezultati vidljivi na filmu pomoću metode
kemiluminiscencije.
Rezultati: Proteini su tretirani raznim dozama UV-C zračenja. Nakon što je uočeno da pri
početno postavljenim dozama tretmana, 0.05 J/cm2
i 0.3 J/cm2
, nema vidljivih promjena u
interakcijama između proteina, određene su nove doze: 0.4 J/cm2
, 0.6 J/cm2
, 0.8 J/cm2
i 1.0
J/cm2
. Pri dozama od 0.4 J/cm2
i 0.6 J/cm2 nema vidljivih promjena u inerakcijama između
proteina. Pri dozi 0.8 J/cm2
, vidljivo je smanjenje intenziteta proteinske vrpce kada su KRAS i
RBD proteini tretirani. Krajnja doza zračenja korištena u ovom eksperimentu je 1.0 J/cm2
gdje
se uočava potpuni gubitak interakcije između tretiranih KRAS i RBD proteina.
Dodatna je provedena mjera karbonilacije proteina pri već postavljenim dozama. Uočava se
razlika u izgledu proteinske vrpce između netretiranog proteina i proteina tretiranih različitim
dozama UV-C zračenja. Također, karbonilacija je ponovljena za doze 0.8 J/cm2
i 1.0 J/cm2
pri
čemu je uočeno da proteinska vrpca RBD protein tretiran dozom 1.0 J/cm2
skoro pa potpuno
blijedi.
Zaključak: Rezultati dobiveni ovim istraživanjem ukazuju na dozno-ovisni učinak UV-C
zračenja na interakciju KRAS-RBD. Slabljenje veze, uočeno pri većoj dozi, implicira da
oksidacija proteina može utjecati na stabilnost kompleksa. Važno je istaknuti da su proteinske
vrpce kontrolnih uzoraka pojedinačnih proteina (netretiranog proteina) bile jednake onima koje
su prošle tretman zračenjem, sugerirajući da samo UV-C zračenje nije uzrok promjena u
ekspresiji proteina.
Dodatna provjera oksidativne štete je pomoću mjerenja razine proteinske karbonilacije, što je
pokazalo povećanje oksidativnog oštećenja u tretiranim uzorcima u usporedbi s netretiranim.
Ova opservacija podržava ideju da UV-C zračenje uzrokuje oksidaciju proteina, što dalje može
utjecati na njihove interakcije.Aim: The purpose of this thesis is to describe and clarify how oxidation affects the functional
consequences of the interaction of KRAS and the RBD (RAF1 RAS-binding domain) protein.
Methods: The required proteins for analysis were produced using HEK293 cells. After cell
lysis, proteins are exposed to UV-C radiation treatment. Then various variants were determined
in which the proteins entered into protein-protein interactions. The last step was to perform a
Western blot analysis using the SIMPL method where the results are visible on film using the
chemiluminescence method.
Results: The proteins were treated with various doses of UV-C radiation. After it was observed
that at the initially set treatment doses, 0.05 J/cm2
and 0.3 J/cm2
, there were no visible changes
in the interactions between proteins, new doses were determined: 0.4 J/cm2
, 0.6 J/cm2
, 0.8 J/cm2
and 1.0 J/cm2
. At doses of 0.4 J/cm2
and 0.6 J/cm2
there are no visible changes in interactions
between proteins. At a dose of 0.8 J/cm2
, a decrease in the intensity of the protein band was
visible when KRAS and RBD proteins were treated. The final radiation dose used in this
experiment is 1.0 J/cm2 where a complete loss of interaction between the treated KRAS and
RBD proteins is observed.
An additional measure of protein carbonylation was carried out at the already set doses. There
is a difference in the appearance of the protein band between the untreated protein and the
protein treated with different doses of UV-C radiation. Also, carbonylation was repeated for
doses of 0.8 J/cm2
and 1.0 J/cm2
, where it was observed that the protein band RBD protein
treated with a dose of 1.0 J/cm2
almost completely fades.
Conclusions: The results obtained in this study indicate a dose-dependent effect of UV-C
radiation on the KRAS-RBD interaction. The weakening of the bond, observed at the higher
dose, implies that protein oxidation may affect the stability of the complex. It is important to
point out that the protein bands of control samples of individual proteins (untreated protein)
were the same as those that underwent radiation treatment, suggesting that UV-C radiation
alone is not the cause of changes in protein expression.
Additionally, oxidative damage was checked by measuring the level of protein carbonylation,
which showed an increase in oxidative damage in treated samples compared to untreated ones.
This observation supports the idea that UV-C radiation causes oxidation of proteins, which can
further affect their interactions
Impact of bioelectric impedance phase angle on hospital outcomes in operable colorectal carcinoma patients: a comprehensive analysis
No full textCilj: istražiti povezanost sniženih vrijednosti faznog kuta s pogoršanjem bolničkih ishoda učinkovitosti kod operiranih od kolorektalnog karcinoma.
Izvori podataka i metode: Ova retrospektivna studija provedena na Klinici za kirurgiju KBC Split obuhvatila je 422 pacijenta operirana zbog CRC od 1. ožujka 2021. do 29. veljače 2024. Podaci su prikupljeni iz elektroničkih baza i analizirani statistički. Primarni ishodi obuhvatili su duljinu boravka, stopu rehospitalizacija, mortalitet i troškove, dok su sekundarni obuhvatili komplikacije prema Clavien-Dindo klasifikaciji.
Rezultati: Medijan dobi pacijenata bio je 69 godina, a 37,4% pacijenata činile su žene. Najčešće izvedene operacije bile su desna hemikolektomija (157), lijeva hemikolektomija (41) i resekcija sigmoida, rektuma i rektosigmoida (185), dok je laparoskopski pristup primijenjen u 132 slučaja (uz 10,6% konverzije u otvoreni pristup). Većina pacijenata imala je T3 tumore (59%), a 40% je imalo bolest proširenu na regionalne limfne čvorove. Coxovom regresijskom analizom identificirani su četiri prediktora smrtnosti: dob, fazni kut bioelektrične impedancije, masa masnog tkiva i rizik od pada prema Morseovoj ljestvici. Povećanje faznog kuta za 1° smanjuje rizik od smrti 4,45 puta. Model rizika imao je AUC 0,837, sa senzitivnošću 100% i specifičnošću 66%. Preživljavanje u prvih 30 dana nakon operacije bilo je 100% za pacijente bez rizika, dok je za rizične pacijente bilo samo 36,6% (P = 0,006). Medijan poslijeoperacijskog boravka bio je 7 dana. Laparoskopske operacije skratile su boravak za jedan dan. Dulji boravak zabilježen je kod pacijenata s višim rizikom za dekubituse i komplikacije. Povećanje faznog kuta od 1,15° skratilo je boravak za jedan dan. Stopa ponovnog prijema unutar 30 dana bila je 11,6%, s višom stopom među muškarcima (75,5%). Najveća stopa ponovnog prijema bila je nakon amputacije rektuma (20,8%) za razliku od desne hemikolektomije (8%). Medijan troškova liječenja bio je 2697 EUR, a ekstremni troškovi (>5685 EUR) zabilježeni su u 4,3% slučajeva, povezani s duljinom boravka, komplikacijama i stopom ponovnog prijema. Najniži troškovi bili su za desnu hemikolektomiju (2107 EUR), dok su laparoskopske operacije resekcije rektosigmoida bile skuplje za 443 EUR
Rasprava i zaključci: Fazni kut bioelektrične impedancije je dokazano značajan prediktivan faktor za ključne ishode liječenja kao i druga BIA mjerenja (poput mase masnog tkiva). Međutim, diferencijacija utjecaja faznog kuta na bolničke ishode učinkovitosti dominantno ovisi o tipu operacija i operativnom pristupu. Potrebna su daljnja istraživanja u uravnoteženim kohortama kako bi se jasno prikazao mogući utjecaj i predikcija na ove ishode.Objective: To investigate the association between reduced phase angle values and the deterioration of hospital outcomes in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients undergoing surgery.
Data sources and methods: This retrospective study was conducted at the Surgical Clinic of KBC Split, including 422 patients who underwent surgery for CRC between March 1, 2021, and February 29, 2024. Data were collected from electronic databases and analyzed statistically. Primary outcomes included length of stay, rehospitalization rates, mortality, and costs, while secondary outcomes involved complications according to the Clavien-Dindo classification.
Results: The median age of patients was 69 years, with 37.4% being women. The most common surgeries performed were right hemicolectomy (157), left hemicolectomy (41), and sigmoid, rectum, and rectosigmoid resections (185). Laparoscopic approach was used in 132 cases (with a 10.6% conversion rate to open surgery). Most patients had T3 tumors (59%), and 40% had disease spread to regional lymph nodes. Cox regression analysis identified four predictors of mortality: age, phase angle of bioelectrical impedance, fat mass, and fall risk according to the Morse scale. An increase in phase angle by 1° reduced the mortality risk by 4.45 times. The risk model had an AUC of 0.837, with 100% sensitivity and 66% specificity. Survival within the first 30 days after surgery was 100% for patients without risk, while it was only 36.6% for high-risk patients (P = 0.006). The median postoperative stay was 7 days. Laparoscopic surgery shortened the stay by one day. Longer stays were observed in patients with higher risk for decubitus ulcers and complications. An increase in phase angle by 1.15° reduced the length of stay by one day. The 30-day rehospitalization rate was 11.6%, with higher rates among men (75.5%). The highest rehospitalization rate was observed after rectal amputation (20.8%) compared to right hemicolectomy (8%). Laparoscopic approach reduced the need for rehospitalization, but the difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.055). Conversion from laparoscopic to open surgery was significantly more frequent in patients readmitted (21.1% vs 4.8%, P = 0.007). The median treatment cost was 2697 EUR, with extreme costs (>5685 EUR) recorded in 4.3% of cases, linked to length of stay, complications, and rehospitalization rates. The lowest costs were for right hemicolectomy (2107 EUR), while laparoscopic resections of the rectosigmoid were 443 EUR more expensive.
Discussion & Conclusions: The phase angle of bioelectrical impedance is a significant predictor of key treatment outcomes, as are other BIA measurements (e.g., fat mass). However, the differential impact of phase angle on hospital outcomes largely depends on the type of surgery and surgical approach. Further research in balanced cohorts is needed to clearly define the potential impact and predictive value on these outcomes
MARICA, TONKA AND IVE - MALE AND FEMALE PERSONAL NAMES IN POP AND POPULAR CROATIAN MUSIC
No full textOd prvih društvenih zajednica do današnjih dana, osobna su imena važan kako društveni tako i leksički, ali i kulturalni koncept. Primarno uvedena kako bi se članovi zajednice međusobno razlikovali postala su važan znak i obilježje pripadnosti i identiteta pojedinca. Veza između imena i pojedinca vrlo je snažna, u nekim kulturama smatrana je i sudbonosnom. Dokaz je tomu i latinska uzrečica Nomen est omen, koja je u hrvatskom jeziku poznatija pod izrazom Ime je znak, upotrebljavana kada se želi naglasiti usklađenost značenja imena s karakternim osobinama osobe koja ga nosi. Kada su, vremenom, društvene zajednice postale sve brojnije i imena nisu bila dovoljna oznaka razlikovanja, osobnim se imenima počinju dodavati nadimci, imena koja nisu službena, već nadjenuta od zajednice u kojoj pojedinac boravi. Ta su imena većinom inspirirana vrlinama i manama pojedinca, njegovim fizičkim obilježjima, mjestom iz kojeg dolazi ili poslom kojim se bavi. Osobni su nadimci prelazili u obiteljske nadimke te konačno u prezimena. U ovom će radu fokus biti na imenima i nadimcima spomenutim u pjesmama izvedenim na Splitskom festivalu u razdoblju od 1962. do 1992.From the first social communities to the present day, personal names are an important social and lexical concept, as well as a cultural concept. Primarily introduced in order to differentiate community members from each other, they have become an important sign and characteristic of individual belonging and identity. The connection between a name and an individual is very strong, in some cultures it is considered fateful. Proof of this is the Latin saying Nomen est omen, which in croatian is better known as the expression Ime je znak, used when one wants to emphasize the harmony of the meaning of the name and the character traits of the person who bears it. When, over time, social communities became more and more numerous and names were not a sufficient mark of distinction, nicknames began to be added to personal names, names that are not official, but given by the community in which the individual resides. These names are mostly inspired by the virtues and flaws of an individual, his physical characteristics, the place he comes from or the work he does. Personal nicknames
became family nicknames and finally surnames. In this paper, the focus will be on the names and nicknames mentioned in the songs performed at the Split Festival in the period from 1962 to 1992
Determination of glucosinolates in Biscutella laevigata and Eruca vesicaria and their isolation using accelerated solvent extraction : diploma thesis
No full textU ovom radu određen je glukozinolatni profil sjemena rokule (Eruca vesicaria) i odabranih biljnih dijelova biokovske i poljske glatke dvoštitke (Biscutella laevigata) izravnom UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS analizom preko odgovarajućih desulfoglukozinolata. Ekstrakcija glukozinolata provedena je sukladno modificiranoj ISO 9167-1 metodi. Dodatno, glukozinolati sjemena rokule izolirani su metodom ubrzane ekstrakcije otapalom pri povišenom tlaku (ASE) s ciljem kvalitativne i kvantitativne usporedbe dobivenih glukozinolata s ISO metodom. Ispitana je ekstrakcijska učinkovitost ASE na temperaturama od 50 ºC, 70 ºC i 90 ºC i s ulaznim količinama biljnog materijala od 1 g i 100 mg. Analizom sjemena rokule, neovisno o primijenjenoj metodi izolacije, dokazana je prisutnost glukoerucina u najvišim koncentracijama (6,13-90,24 μmol/g suhog biljnog materijala). U dosta nižem sadržaju pronađeni su glukorafanin (0,14-1,46 μmol/g) i glukosinalbin (0,13-0,65 μmol/g), a ostali glukozinolati su prisutni u tragovima. Pojedinačni i ukupni (92,35 μmol/g) sadržaji glukozinolata pokazali su se značajno višim primjenom ISO 9167-1 metode. Najveći sadržaj glukozinolata za ASE dobiven je pri temperaturi 70 ºC, tj. 32,57 μmol/g za 1 g i 7,80 μmol/g za 100 mg. Glukohirsutin i glukobrasicin su pronađeni u svim biljnim dijelovima biokovske glatke dvoštitke, a najveći sadržaj bio je u komuški (43,57 μmol/g za glukohirsutin i 14,08 μmol/g za glukobrasicin). Općenito, komuška se pokazala najbogatijom glukozinolatima (57,85 μmol/g), a najsiromašnija je bila stabljika (6,49 μmol/g). Analizom poljske glatke dvoštitke, glukozinolati su ustanovljeni samo u sjemenu unutar kojeg je najsadržajniji bio glukohirsutin (30,51 μmol/g), dok uzorak dobiven in vitro nije sadržavao glukozinolate.In this paper, the glucosinolate profile of rocket seeds (Eruca vesicaria) and selected plant parts of Biokovo and Polish buckler mustard (Biscutella laevigata) was determined using UHPLC-DAD-MS/MS analysis by their desulfo-counterparts. Glucosinolate extraction was performed according to the modified ISO 9167-1 method. Additionally, the glucosinolates of rocket seeds were isolated by accelerated solvent extraction at elevated pressure (ASE) with the aim of comparing the qualitative and quantitative glucosinolate profile with the ISO method. The extraction efficiency of ASE was tested at temperatures of 50 ºC, 70 ºC and 90 ºC with the amounts of plant material of 1 g and 100 mg. The analysis of rocket seeds, regardless of the applied isolation method, revealed the presence of glucoerucin having the highest content (6.13-90.24 μmol/g of dried plant material). Glucoraphanin (0.14- 1.46 μmol/g) and glucosinalbin (0.13-0.65 μmol/g) were found in much lower concentrations, and other glucosinolates were present in traces. Individual and total (92.35 μmol/g) glucosinolate contents were shown to be significantly higher using the ISO 9167-1 method. The highest yield for ASE was obtained at 70 ºC with total glucosinolate content of 32.57 μmol/g for 1 g and 7.80 μmol/g for 100 mg. Glucohirsutin and glucobrassicin were found in all plant parts of buckler mustard from Biokovo and the highest contents were found in siliquae (43.57 μmol/g for glucohirsutin and 14.08 μmol/g for glucobrassicin). In general, siliquae proved to be the richest in glucosinolates (57.85 μmol/g), while the stem had the lowest (6.49 μmol/g). By analyzing the Polish buckler mustard, glucosinolates were found only in the seeds, the most abundant of which was glucohirsutin (30.51 μmol/g), while the glucosinolates were absent in the plant sample obtained in vitro
Razvoj predloška za sustave punjenja u ranoj fazi koncepta s CAD sustavom CATIA V5
No full textIn this thesis, the development of a tank filling system is shown. The first part of the paper shows the rules that engineers must adhere to during the model construction phase. The second part shows how to automate the system and the tool that was created for the purpose of automation. A GUI has been created in which the user enters the main parameters related to the model geometry. The tool allows the user to create a basic model of the tank filling system, with just a few clicks, and gives him a standardized structure. In this way, there is a great saving of time, and thus money, in the realization of the project. Human errors are reduced to a minimum.U ovom diplomskom radu prikazan je razvoj sustava za punjenje spremnika. U prvom dijelu rada prikazana su pravila kojih se inženjeri moraju pridržavati u fazi izrade modela. Drugi dio pokazuje kako automatizirati sustav i alat koji je stvoren u svrhu automatizacije. Izrađen je GUI u koji korisnik unosi glavne parametre vezane uz geometriju modela. Alat omogućuje korisniku izradu osnovnog modela sustava za punjenje spremnika, sa samo nekoliko klikova, te mu daje standardiziranu strukturu. Na taj način dolazi do velike uštede vremena, a time i novca u realizaciji projekta. Ljudske pogreške svedene su na minimum
Crystal violet dye removal from aqueous solution by electrocoagulation : bachelor thesis
No full textUklanjanje boje Crystal Violet (CV) iz vodene otopine (4 ± 0.23 mg/L CV + 2 mg/L NaCl) procesom elektrokoagulacije (EK) provedeno je u dva smjera. U prvom slučaju promatran je utjecaj gustoće struje (0.016, 0.024 i 0.032 A/cm 2 ; pH = 3.2), dok je u drugom slučaju razmatran utjecaj početne pH vrijednosti (3.2, 5.5 i 7.0; i = 0.024 A/cm 2 ) na uklanjanje CV boje. Tijekom EK procesa, koji je trajao 50 minuta, promatrana je promjena pH, temperature, električne provodnosti te koncentracije CV boje. Učinkovitost uklanjanja CV boje EK procesom je izuzetno dobra. Pri tome, uklanjanje boje raste s vremenom trajanja procesa te porastom gustoće struje i porastom pH vrijednosti. Izuzetno dobri rezultati postignuti su primjenom najveće gustoće struje (potpuno uklanjanje nakon 40 min) te u slučaju početne pH vrijednosti od 5.5 (potpuno uklanjanje nakon 30 min). Tijekom EK procesa dolazi do potrošnje anodnog, ali i katodnog materijala. Potrošnja elektrodnih materijala se povećava s porastom gustoće struje i pH vrijednosti otopine pri čemu je utjecaj gustoće struje izraženiji. Izgled površina elektroda (snimljenih svjetlosnim mikroskopom) ukazuje na činjenicu da se anode tijekom EK procesa otapaju ravnomjerno i lokalno, dok katode uglavnom podliježu ravnomjernoj koroziji.The removal of the dye Crystal Violet (CV) from a aqueous solution (4 ± 0.23 mg/L CV + 2 mg/L NaCl) by the process of electrocoagulation (EC) was performed in two directions. In the first case, the influence of current density (0.016, 0.024, and 0.032 A/cm 2 ; pH = 3.2) was observed, whereas in the second case, the influence of initial pH (3.2, 5.5, and 7.0; i = 0.024 A/cm 2 ) on the removal of CV dye was considered. During the EC process, which lasted 50 minutes, changes in pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, and CV dye concentration were observed. The efficiency of CV dye removal by the EC process is extremely good. At the same time, the dye removal increases with the duration of the process and with the increase of the current density and pH of the solution. Extremely good results were obtained at the highest current density (complete removal after 40 min) and at an initial pH of 5.5 (complete removal after 30 min). During the EC process, anodic and cathodic material is consumed. The consumption of electrode material increases with the increase of current density and pH of the solution, with the influence of current density being more pronounced. The appearance of the electrode surfaces (taken with an light microscope) shows that the anodes dissolve uniformly and locally during the EC process, while the cathodes are mostly subject to uniform corrosion
Equilibrium adsorption of copper ions from copper (II) nitrate on humus : diploma thesis
No full textU ovom diplomskom radu ispitivana je ravnoteža adsorpcije bakrovih iona iz otopina bakrovih iona različitih početnih koncentracija na humusu u šaržnom reaktoru pri stalnoj temperaturi od 308 K, brzini miješanja od 200 okr min-1 te trajanju eksperimenta od 96 h. Porast početnih koncentracija otopine bakrovih iona ne utječe značajno na ravnotežnu koncentraciju adsorbiranih bakrovih iona na humusu jer se ona neznatno mijenja. Maksimalni kapacitet adsorpcije bakrovih iona na humusu postignut je pri koncentraciji od 8,016 mmol dm-3 te iznosi 0,518 mmol g-1 za zadane uvjete provedbe eksperimenta. Učinkovitost adsorpcije bakrovih iona na humusu opada s porastom početne koncentracije bakrovih iona te je maksimalan učinak adsorpcije bakrovih iona na humusu postignut pri najnižoj odabranoj početnoj koncentraciji od 4,049 mmol dm-3 i iznosi 60,320 %. Dobiveni eksperimentalni podatci testirani su Langmuirovom, Freundlichovom, Tothovom, Redlich-Petersonovom i Sipsovom izotermom. Procjenom kvalitete slaganja adsorpcijskih modela s eksperimentalnim podatcima, usporedbom izračunatih vrijednosti statističkih parametara za RMSE i χ2 te maksimuma kapaciteta adsorpcije i eksperimentalno dobivenog može se zaključiti da najbolje slaganje s eksperimentalnim podatcima pokazuje Tothova izoterma koja je razvijena kako bi proširila primjenu Langmuirovog modela u heterogenim sustavima.In this diploma thesis, the equilibrium adsorption of copper ions from the copper ions solutions of various initial concentrations was investigated in a batch reactor on the humus at a constant temperature of 308 K, a stirring speed of 200 rpm for 96 h. The increase in the initial concentrations of copper ions solutions does not significantly affect on the equilibrium amount of copper ions adsorbed on the humus because it slightly changes. The maximum adsorption capacity of copper ions on the humus was achieved at a concentration of 8.016 mmol dm-3 with the value of 0.518 mmol g-1 for the given experimental conditions. The adsorption efficiency of copper ions on the humus decreases with an increase in the initial concentration of copper ions, and the maximum adsorption capacity of copper ions on the humus was achieved at the lowest selected initial concentration of 4.049 mmol dm-3 with the value of 60.320 %. The experimental data obtained were tested on Langmuir, Freundlich, Toth, Redlich-Peterson and Sips isotherms. By estimating the quality of the agreement of adsorption models with the experimental data, comparing the calculated values of statistical parameters for RMSE and χ2 and the maximum adsorption capacity with the experimentally obtained, it can be concluded that the best agreement with experimental data is shown by the Toth isotherm, which was developed to extend the application of the Langmuir model in heterogeneous systems