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Contribution of IFJ PAN to the construction of the WENDELSTEIN 7-X stellarator (continuation 2010-2012)
No full textThe Wendelstein 7-X stellarator is now being assembled at the Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physic (IPP), Greifswald, Germany (branch of MP IPP Garching). The Agreement on Cooperation between the MP IPP and the Henryk Niewodniczański Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences in Krakow (IFJ PAN) was signed in 2007. Within that agreement IFJ PAN has taken over the following tasks: 1. to assembly of the bus bar system powering the superconducting coils of the stellarator; 2. to take a part in design of equipment for handling, transportation and assembly of outer vessel; 3. to manufacture 30 sets of mechanics for polichromators used in plasma diagnostics; 4. to connect the bus bar systems between modules (at so called Module Separation Planes). The Task No 2 was completed in 2008, tasks No 1 and 3 – in 2011 and the Task No 4 - in 2012. General scope of the tasks 1, 2, 3 and the detail description of work done in 2008 – 2009 were presented in [1], [2], [3]. Work done in 2010 – 2011 was periodically reported in [4], [5]
Eksploatacja Cyklotronu AIC-144 przystosowanego do celów medycznych
No full textCyclotron AIC-144, currently used in proton radiotherapy of eye melanoma, is located in Cracow at the Institute of Nuclear Physics Polish Academy of Sciences. The presented report describes the current state of the Cyclotron and summarizes the work that has recently been done in the Cyclotron AIC-144 Department. Work on improvement of the proton beam parameters has been carried out since 2004. The recent upgrading involved the RF generator, control system of correction coils, the vacuum system and ion source. Technical inspection in October 2013 confirmed the effectiveness of the adopted modification. Despite many years of service Cyclotron is in a good operating condition. Implementation of Quality Assurance procedures and timely technical inspections ensure long-term operation of the machine
Study of cosmic ray extensive air showers in the Pierre Auger Observatory
No full textPrzedmiotem niniejszej pracy jest eksperymentalne badanie obrazu optycznego wielkich pęków atmosferycznych generowanych przez cząstki promieniowania kosmicznego o bardzo wysokiej energii. Analiza ta jest oparta na wyznaczaniu rozkładu poprzecznego światła w obrazie optycznym pęku, rejestrowanym przez detektor fluorescencyjny Obserwatorium Pierre Auger. Rozkład poprzeczny został zmierzony na różnych etapach rozwoju pęku, tzn. dla różnych wartości parametru wieku pęku, dla pęków o energiach wyższych niż 1018 eV. Profile zmierzonych rozkładów poprzecznych są porównywane z profilami otrzymanymi z symulacji w celu testowania funkcji rozkładu poprzecznego światła fluorescencyjnego (tak zwanej funkcji Góry), używanej do parametryzacji rozkładu światła. W wyniku testu stwierdzono, że funkcja Góry opisuje rozkład rejestrowanego światła fluorescencyjnego, pod warunkiem że analiza obejmuje wszystkie efekty atmosferyczne i aparaturowe, poprawnie uwzględnione. W oparciu o znajomość funkcji Góry dla każdego wieku pęku i stosując zmierzony rozkład poprzeczny światła, została opracowana metoda obliczania głębokości atmosferycznej maksimum pęku (Xmax) za pomocą wieku pęku. Pierwsze wyniki uzyskane przy użyciu tej metody dają przybliżone wartości Xmax, które zgadzają się z wartościami oczekiwanymi.The subject of this thesis is the experimental study of the optical image of extensive air showers generated by ultra high energy cosmic ray particles. This analysis is based on the determination of the lateral distribution of light in the shower optical image recorded by the fluorescence detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory. The lateral distribution was measured at different stages of shower development, i.e. at different shower ages, for showers with energies higher than 1018 eV. The measured lateral distribution profiles are compared to those obtained from the simulations, for the purpose of testing the function of lateral distribution of fluorescence light (the so-called Góra function), used for parameterization of the light distribution. The test has shown that the Góra function describes the measured fluorescence light distribution, if all atmospheric and telescope effects are included properly. Based on the knowledge of the Góra function at each shower age and using the measured lateral distribution of light, the method of calculation of the depth of shower maximum (Xmax) using the shower age was elaborated. The first results obtained using this method give the approximate values of Xmax, which are in agreement with the expected values.Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego;
Narodowe Centrum Nauki;
German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD)13
Measurements of final states with τ leptons in proton-proton collisions using the ATLAS detector at the LHC
No full textThis monograph describes first analyses of processes with τ leptons in final state that have been performed with proton-proton collision data at the centre-of-mass energy of √s = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Described studies are based on early data, recorded in 2010 and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35 pb−1. Presented Higgs boson(s) searches, requiring higher statistics samples, are based on more data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 1.06 fb−1 and collected in 2010 and the first half of 2011. The reconstruction algorithms and identification methods for hadronically decaying τ leptons in the ATLAS experiment are described in detail. Validation of those algorithms in data as well as the first attempts to estimate the rate of the mis-identification of Quantum Chromodynamics jets or electrons as τ candidates are also presented. A dedicated Chapter is devoted to the first measurements of Z → ττ and W → τν production cross sections. The use of the latter process for determination of the hadronic τ decay identification efficiency is also reported. The early analyses of Higgs boson(s) searches with τ leptons in final states, presented in this document, cover studies of both the Standard Model andMinimal Supersymmetric Standard Model neutral Higgs boson(s) decaying into the H → ττ final state as well as Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model charged Higgs boson decays, H+ → τν. No significant excess over the expected background is observed in any of these studies. Nevertheless, even though performed on limited statistics, they provided improved exclusion limits as compared to those obtained by previous experiments.This work was supported in part by the Polish Ministry of Higher Education under grant no. NN20212793
Perturbed Angular Correlation method in materials science
No full textThe nuclear solid state methods involve inter alia the detection of the particles or γ-radiation from the nuclear decays or nuclear reactions to investigate the properties of condensed matter. This extremely broad range of methods can be divided into two main groups: ion beam analysis (IBA) and hyperfine interaction (HFI) techniques. The various methods from the first group are very important for determination of the elemental composition of materials, and for atomic arrangement. The widely used and most well-known technique is the Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS), which is based on the elastic backscattering of charged particles by nuclei in solids. Hyperfine techniques such as the Mössbauer spectroscopy (MS), the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), and the Perturbed Angular Correlation (PAC) have been extensively employed to investigate the structural, magnetic and electronic properties at atomic scale in the condensed matter [Sch96]. In this work, I present the use of the PAC method in fundamental research of the condensed matter as well as its application in the solid state and material physics. I give the results of the intensive studies on the intermetallic compounds, oxides, magnetic materials; thin films and nanocrystalline materials. I summarize the EFG parameters for Hf-Al and Zr-Al intermetallic systems
Badania struktury jąder neutrono-nadmiarowych produkowanych w głęboko nieelastycznych reakcjach ciężkich jonów na wiązkach stabilnych i radioaktywnych
No full textA novel experimental method exploiting the production of neutron-rich fragments in deepinelastic heavy ion collisions was used to extend the in-beam γ-ray spectroscopic studies towards previously inaccessible neutron-rich nuclei. The γ-γ coincidence analysis of reaction products was used to obtain new information on the mechanism of deep-inelastic collisions, in particular on the neutron-to-proton ratio equilibration process. These results were compared to theoretical predictions based on a liquid-drop energy minimization model and a heavy ion phase space exploration model. Neutron-rich potassium isotopes were studied in the bombardments of thick 238U and 208Pb targets with the 48Ca beam. Excited states in the 48K and 49K isotopes were identified for the first time in experiments with the PRISMA-CLARA spectrometer. Based on those identifications the level schemes of predominantly yrast excited states were established from the analysis of GAMMASPHERE γ coincidence data collected for the same reactions. A new 5+ isomer was identified in 48K, the analog of the 7/2– isomer in 47K. Important information on the coupling of the proton-hole and neutron-particle states in the neutron-rich 48K and 49K isotopes was obtained. Systematics of lowest 1/2+, 3/2+, and 7/2– states in odd-odd potassium isotopes were extended beyond the N = 28 line. These results confirm a reordering of the s1/2 and d3/2 proton-hole orbitals for neutronrich potassium isotopes which was interpreted in terms of the evolution of single-particle energies caused by the monopole effect of the tensor force. Experimental efforts aimed at the establishing of the yrast excitations in the series of even neutron-rich nickel isotopes reaching toward the double closed-shell 78Ni isotope are described including the search for the missing 8+ isomeric state in 72Ni. In the analysis of the GAMMASPHERE γ coincidence data from experiments with the 76Ge beam the ground-state band in 72Ni was extended to the 8+ state concluding that this level has a half-life not longer than 20 ns. Based on the established level scheme a large enhancement of the B(E2) transition probability for the 8+ → 6+ transition in 72Ni compared to 70Ni was calculated. This effect is compatible with the predictions of the van Isacker model suggesting a significant lowering of the 6+ seniority υ = 4 level which is calculated to be near the 6+ υ = 2 state. Recent spectroscopic results for less exotic even-even nickel isotopes 64, 66, 68Ni are presented including new spin and parity assignments based on the analysis of angular correlations of γ rays emitted from fragments produced in deep-inelastic collisions with the 64Ni beam. Prospects of new studies of neutron-rich nuclei produced in deep-inelastic collisions using radioactive ion beams of fission fragments are also discussed. Basic technical aspects of the production of such beams are described based on the Holifield Radioactive Ion Beam Facility RIB project. The design and construction details of the Isomer-scope detection setup for the identification and spectroscopy of the isomeric decays in fragments produced in deep-inelastic collisions are presented. Results of the test experiment with a stable 71Ga beam performed at HRIBF are shown. Plans for an upgrade of the Isomer-scope device and its future application for experiment at Oak Ridge and elsewhere are discussed
Operation regime of AIC-144 cyclotron for delivering 60 mev proton beam to the radiotherapy of eye melanoma
No full textThe latest computational and experimental results concerning 60 MeV proton beam acceleration and extraction in AIC-144 cyclotron of the Institute of Nuclear Physics (Krakow, Poland) are being considered. Improvement of RF system reliability at dee voltage of 60 kV and frequency of 26.26 MHz as well as precise shaping of the cyclotron magnetic field made it possible to accelerate the proton beam up to 60.5 MeV and to provide its extraction with overall efficiency ~35%. The beam is planned to be used for the long-term radiotherapy of eye melanoma in the year 2013
Zarys metod analitycznych w badaniach oddechu dla celów diagnostyki medycznej
No full textPostęp techniczny, ostatnich kilkudziesięciu lat, stworzył możliwość rozwoju szybkich
i precyzyjnych metod analitycznych. Pożądane są metody, które umożliwiają równoczesne
oznaczenie dużej ilości związków należących do różnych grup chemicznych, uzyskanie ich
optymalnego rozdzielenia w jak najkrótszym czasie oraz oznaczanie analitów na niskim
poziomie stężeń (ppb, ppt - ang. part per bilion, trillion).Szczególnie wysokie wymagania, co, do jakości wykonywanych badań analitycznych, stawia współczesna medycyna. W celach diagnostycznych i badawczych, próbuje się oznaczać śladowe ilości substancji w złożonych matrycach, takich jak krew, mocz. Badania ostatnich latach wskazują, że również wydychane przez człowieka powietrze może się stać przydatnym materiałem analitycznym. Rozwój metod analitycznych, a szczególnie chromatografii gazowej pozwolił na oznaczenie kilkuset substancji w wydychanym powietrzu na poziomie śladów. Część wykrywanych substancji jest generowanych w procesach metabolicznych. Zmiana ich stężenia może dostarczyć wielu informacji o prawidłowości lub zaburzeniu procesów biochemicznych zachodzących w organizmie. Badania związane z oceną składu wydychanego powietrza zmierzają do znalezienia w wydychanym przez człowieka powietrzu, biomarkerów - charakterystycznych substancji, pomocnych w diagnozowaniu takich schorzeń, jak: cukrzyca, choroby nerek, czy nowotwory. Dodatkowo analiza oddechu może dostarczyć informacji o stosowanych lekach, używkach, czy rodzaju diety. Niniejsza praca stanowi przegląd nowoczesnych technik analitycznych, mających zastosowanie w analizie oddechu. Metodami tymi są: chromatografia gazowa (GC), chromatografia gazowa sprzężona ze spektrometrią mas (GC/MS), spektroskopia laserowa, spektrometria mas z jonizacją poprzez przeniesienie protonu (PTR/MS - ang. Proton Transfer Reaction - Mass Spectrometry), spektrometria mas z jonizacją w strumieniu wybranych jonów (SIFT-MS - ang. Selected Ion Flow - Tube Mass Spectrometry) oraz spektrometria ruchliwości jonów (IMS - ang. Ion Mobility Spectrometry)