Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Śląskiego RE-BUŚ
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Corrigendum to “Simulated maturation by hydrous pyrolysis of bituminous coals and carbonaceous shales from the Upper Silesian and Lublin basins (Poland) : induced compositional variations in biomarkers, carbon isotopes and macerals” [International Journal of Coal Geology volume (2021) 1–27]
Get PDFCorrigendum to: "Hydrous pyrolysis (HP) to simulate the maturation of organic matter (OM) and a variety of organic geochemical analyses and petrographic analyses of OM were performed to establish the origin and depositional environment in the Serpukhovian (Mississippian) and Pennsylvanian coals and carbonaceous shales from the Upper Silesian and Lublin coal basins. OM of coals and shales is dominated by vitrinite- with subordinate liptinite- and inertinite-group macerals, derived from C3 plants. The OM in both coals and shales is of humic origin, deposited in terrestrial, paralic and terrestrial, deltaic and lacustrine environments. The OM is rich in resins related to the presence of waxes derived from the coat of vascular plants. Shales were deposited in a more brackish-lacustrine environment than coals with algae and microbially reworked OM. Shales occurring above coal seams were deposited in more dynamic conditions than shales below seams. Coal sedimentation occurred in a stagnant setting reflected in the presence of paleosols and diverse plant groups. After heating at HP 330 °C and 360 °C, various new vitrinite forms appear, and semicoke, in the OM. The distributions of some biomarkers and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are characteristic of specific macerals, and their ratios are controlled by OM type and thermal maturity related to the conditions of the HP experiments. This behaviour can be related to OM of type III and chemical reactions at two maturation stages. No significant geochemical or genetic differences in the OM of coals or shales from either basin are evident"
Determinants of marginal area reforestation in the Western Carpathians in the light of consecutive aerial photographs
Get PDFThe quantification of reforestation on abandoned land is of high importance due to various environmental and socio-economic consequences. This article aims to determine the role of different factors in the reforestation of abandoned plots in particular mid-forest glades in the higher parts of the Western Carpathians and to detect the feature of plots covered prevalently with forest. The Reforestation Index (RI) was used to detect changes in reforestation. Bayesian multilevel zero-one inflated beta regression was used to determine the predictors of reforestation. Using the series of consecutive aerial photographs enabled the differences between features of plots with a faster rate of reforestation and plots covered entirely with forest to be shown. The most rapid changes in the RI were observed in plots with the lowest level of solar radiation (north exposure). In contrast, the highest RI concerns plots with south exposure, the highest mean slope, and within plots partly forested in the first year of observation. Such an attitude is crucial for areas where the precise date of land abandonment is unknown because it enables a determination of which type of plot was abandoned first
Diversity of Rotifers in Small Rivers Affected by Human Activity
Get PDFThe rivers flowing through Upper Silesia and the adjacent areas (Southern Poland) are affected
by various anthropogenic pressures including urbanisation, agriculture and animal husbandry,
as well as industry (e.g., mining), which are reflected in the measured physical and chemical water
parameters. The species composition of rotifers relative to a variety of microhabitats was studied in
eight small rivers of this region in 2017. Our research is a comprehensive and up-to-date analysis
that focuses on the rotifers in small rivers and shows the diversity of rotifers relative to the microhabitats
and environmental variables. The diversity of rotifers ranged from 0 to 23 taxa in individual
samples. In the studied rivers, 129 taxa of rotifers were found. Notommata groenlandica, a species that
has not been recorded in the country for 100 years, was found in two rivers. The Kruskal–Wallis
one-way ANOVA and Dunn’s multiple comparison post hoc tests revealed statistically significant
differences in the median number of rotifer taxa between the abiotic types of rivers, rivers, sampling
sites, microhabitats and seasons. A multiple regression analysis revealed a significant relationship
(correlation) between the number of rotifer taxa, and the concentration of nitrites, total dissolved
solids and dissolved oxygen in the water
A novel approach to the Orienteering Problem based on the Harmony Search algorithm
Get PDFThis article presents a new approach to designing a Harmony Search (HS) algorithm, adapted to solve Orienteering Problem (OP) instances. OP is a significant N P-hard problem that has considerable practical application, requiring the development of an effective method for determining its solutions. The proposed HS has demonstrated its effectiveness through determined optimum results for each task from the six most popular benchmarks; a marginal number approximated the best results, with the average error below 0.01%. The
article details the application of this described algorithm, comparing its results with those of state-of-the-art methods, indicating the significant efficiency of the proposed approach
Public opinion on freedom of religion (and its limitations) in penitentiary establishments in the light of international regulations. A Polish perspective
Get PDFThe issue of religious freedom while serving a sentence of imprisonment often occupies scientists from around the world. Basically, they agree that a prisoner, regardless of the act for which he or she has been convicted, has the right to religious freedom. Problems are posed, however, by the question of delimiting this freedom, especially at the level of the right to practise a chosen religion during prison isolation. The decisions of international tribunals and national courts are not uniform owing to the generality of the rules governing this issue. The initial research question that we pose is this: how does society perceive the right to religious freedom in prisons? Does a convict have the right to demand respect for the rules of his or her religion regarding diet, clothes, appearance and participation in religious services? We look for answers to these questions in research conducted in Polish society, one that is confronted by international regulations
Verification of Hypsibius exemplaris Gąsiorek et al., 2018 (Eutardigrada; Hypsibiidae) application in anhydrobiosis research
Get PDFAnhydrobiosis is considered to be an adaptation of important applicative implications
because it enables resistance to the lack of water. The phenomenon is still not well understood
at molecular level. Thus, a good model invertebrate species for the research is
required. The best known anhydrobiotic invertebrates are tardigrades (Tardigrada), considered
to be toughest animals in the world. Hypsibius. exemplaris is one of the best studied
tardigrade species, with its name “exemplaris” referring to the widespread use of the species
as a laboratory model for various types of research. However, available data suggest that
anhydrobiotic capability of the species may be overestimated. Therefore, we determined
anhydrobiosis survival by Hys. exemplaris specimens using three different anhydrobiosis
protocols. We also checked ultrastructure of storage cells within formed dormant structures
(tuns) that has not been studied yet for Hys. exemplaris. These cells are known to support
energetic requirements of anhydrobiosis. The obtained results indicate that Hys. exemplaris
appears not to be a good model species for anhydrobiosis research.
Introductio
Tracing the Evolution of the Angiosperm Genome from the Cytogenetic Point of View
Get PDFCytogenetics constitutes a branch of genetics that is focused on the cellular components,
especially chromosomes, in relation to heredity and genome structure, function and evolution.
The use of modern cytogenetic approaches and the latest microscopes with image acquisition and
processing systems enables the simultaneous two- or three-dimensional, multicolour visualisation of
both single-copy and highly-repetitive sequences in the plant genome. The data that is gathered using
the cytogenetic methods in the phylogenetic background enable tracing the evolution of the plant
genome that involve changes in: (i) genome sizes; (ii) chromosome numbers and morphology; (iii) the
content of repetitive sequences and (iv) ploidy level. Modern cytogenetic approaches such as FISH
using chromosome- and genome-specific probes have been widely used in studies of the evolution
of diploids and the consequences of polyploidy. Nowadays, modern cytogenetics complements
analyses in other fields of cell biology and constitutes the linkage between genetics, molecular biology
and genomics
A Combination of Calcination and the Spark Plasma Sintering Method in Multiferroic Ceramic Composite Technology: Effects of Process Temperature and Dwell Time
Get PDFThis study reports a combined technological process that includes synthesis by the calcination powder route and sintering by the Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS) method for multiferroic ceramic composites in order to find the optimal sintering conditions. The effects of temperature on the SPS process and dwell time on the microstructure and dielectric properties of the PF composites were discussed. Research has shown that using the SPS method in the technological process of the multiferroic composites favors the correct densification of powders and allows for obtaining a fine-grained microstructure with good properties and electrophysical parameters in the composite material. The optimal set of parameters and properties is demonstrated by the sample obtained at the temperature of 900 °C for 3 min, i.e., resistivity (6.4 × 108 Ωm), values of the dielectric loss factor (0.016), permittivity at room temperature (753) and permittivity at the phase transition temperature (3290). Moreover, due to the high homogeneity of the microstructure, the strength of the material against electric breakdown increases (when examining the ferroelectric hysteresis loop, the application of a high electric field (3—3.5 kV/mm) is also possible at higher temperatures). In the case of the composite material tested, both the lower and higher temperatures as well as the shorter and longer dwell times (compared to the optimal SPS process conditions) did not contribute to the improvement of the microstructure or the set of usable parameters of the composite materials. The strength of the ceramic samples against electric breakdown has also diminished, while the phenomenon of leakage current increased
New data on the occurrence of terrestrial true bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) in Przemyśl and Starzawa (south-eastern Poland)
Get PDFThe paper presents the results of faunistic studies on terrestrial Heteroptera in Przemyśl (Eastern Beskidy Mts) and Starzawa (Sandomierska Lowland) conducted in 2018. A list of 66 species is presented
Dziedzictwo i pamięć. Szkic o nieobecnej kulturze polskich Żydów
Get PDFGłównym problemem badawczym opracowania są pytania o to, czy dzisiaj już nieobecna w przestrzeni społecznej lokalnej społeczności kultura uznawana jest za jej dziedzictwo kulturowe? Czy i jak kultura ta zapisała się w pamięci mieszkańców małego miasta, czy wpisuje się w kontekst edukacji regionalnej? Osią artykułu jest kultura żydowska obecna do czasu II wojny światowej w dwóch świętokrzyskich sztetlach – „żydowskich miasteczkach”: we Włoszczowie i Chmielniku. Są to dwa przeciwstawne przykłady budowania tożsamości kulturowej i społecznej miasta w kontekście prawie całkowitej nieobecności kultury żydowskiej i w drugim przypadku, jej szerokiej rewitalizacji. Z prezentowanych badań socjologicznych i antropologicznych wynika, że kontekst ten uwarunkowany jest społecznie i politycznie, a przede wszystkim pożądane jest w procesie przywoływania z przeszłości – tu kontrowersyjnej – nieobecnej kultury, pojawienie się społecznych liderów nazwanych liderami dziedzictwa kulturowego, osób zdolnych organizacyjnie zainicjować działania wsparte określoną podstawą ideologiczną