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Effect of the Indentation Load on the Raman Spectra of the InP Crystal
No full textNanoindentations and the Raman spectroscopy measurements were carried out on the
(001) surface of undoped and S-doped InP crystal. The samples were indented with the maximum
load ranging from 15 mN to 100 mN. The phase transition B3!B1 was not confirmed by spectroscopic
experiments, indicating a plastic deformation mechanism governed by dislocations activity. Increasing
the maximum indentation load shifts and the longitudinal and transverse optical Raman bands to
lower frequencies reveals a reduction in the elastic energy stored in the plastic zone right below
the indentation imprint. Mechanical experiments have shown that a shift in Raman bands occurs
alongside the indentation size effect. Indeed, the hardness of undoped and S-doped InP crystal
decreases as a function of the maximum indentation load
The Relationship of the Public Sector and Citizens – Co-production in Polish Local Government Units. Empirical Study on Forty-One Units Forming Metropolis GZM
No full textIdea koprodukcji usług publicznych stanowi oryginalny model budowania relacji oraz platformę do inicjowania i zarządzania stosunkami między państwem a obywatelami. Opiera się bowiem na wielowymiarowej współpracy formalnych organizatorów usług z ich odbiorcami, nadając obydwu stronom równorzędną podmiotowość w procesie opracowania i wdrażania usług. Jej implementacja nabiera szczególnego znaczenia na poziomie społeczności lokalnych, gdzie wspomniane stosunki mają charakter bezpośredni.
Głównym celem artykułu jest opis założeń idei koprodukcji oraz prezentacja podejmowanych praktyk na przykładzie realizacji trzech rodzajów lokalnych inicjatyw obywatelskich (Budżetu Obywatelskiego, Inicjatywy Lokalnej, Funduszu Wiejskiego), z których wszystkie mogą być opcjonalnie organizowane w polskich samorządach. Podstawą empiryczną niniejszego opracowania są badania autora, przeprowadzone
w czterdziestu jeden miastach tworzących Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowską Metropolię
Landscapes of Sustainability in the Library and Information Science: Systematic Literature Review
No full textIn times of real threats to the continuity of the human civilization resulting from environmental degradation, depletion of natural resources, overpopulation, and other adverse factors, the issue of sustainable development is the subject of interest of many scientific disciplines. As a leading objective of this paper, the authors take up the topic of sustainable development seen through the lenses of the library and information science, which is considered with special attention paid to its economic, social, environmental, and cultural dimensions. In addition to reviewing the most important literature, the authors also explore the subject matter from a quantitative perspective. As a result of the research, the authors identify the key areas that affect libraries as cultural and scientific institutions, in which work related to the sustainability concept is actively carried out. Quantitative research allowed to determine the proportions of efforts made by scientists within the previously selected areas, and to outline trends observed within those areas—that is, to identify which areas have recently been gaining importance, and which may have ceased to be exploited. The authors hope that the research results not only shed light on the landscape of world science in the subject matter, but above all, that they support contemporary researches of these fields by identifying potentially the most important works influencing the shape of particular research areas, and the identification of current trends, which are present within the mentioned areas as well. Further research directions, which are potentially worth undertaking, are also emphasized
Wanda Bobrowska-Nowak (1925-2003) - badaczka polskiego dziedzictwa pedagogicznego i psychologicznego
No full textW prezentowanym szkicu przybliżono biografię prof. Wandy Bobrowskiej-
Nowak (1925–2003), polskiego historyka wychowania, która prowadziła
działalność dydaktyczną i naukową w Uniwersytecie Łódzkim
i Uniwersytecie Śląskim w Katowicach. Swoje zainteresowania badawcze
koncentrowała wokół historii oświaty, pedagogiki resocjalizacyjnej,
opiekuńczej, terapii i edukacji wychowawczej oraz historii polskiej psychologii.
Pełniła wiele funkcji, m.in. była kierownikiem Zakładu Historii
Wychowania, dyrektorem Instytutu Pedagogiki oraz dziekanem Wydziału
Pedagogiki i Psychologii Uniwersytetu Śląskiego w Katowicach.
Bobrowska-Nowak miała wileńskie korzenie i współpracowała z Uniwersytetem
Polskim w Wilnie. Była promotorem wielu prac magisterskich
i jedenastu prac doktorskich. Rezultatem prowadzonych badań
i twórczego wysiłku w zakresie historii wychowania, ze szczególnym
uwzględnieniem historii wychowania przedszkolnego i dziedzictwa
polskiej psychologii, są liczne prace naukowe i artykuły, przybliżające
jeden z głównych filarów pedagogiki. Bobrowska-Nowak wniosła duży
wkład w rozwój myśli pedagogicznej i jej przemianę. Jej publikacje
są cenną pomocą dla historyków wychowania, pedagogów, studentów
pedagogiki i służą zaszczepieniu kultu dla tradycji wychowania
i edukacji
Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021
No full textWszyscy autorzy: Wijayawardene N. N., Hyde K. D., Dai D. Q.; Sanchez-Garcia M., Goto B. T., Saxena R. K.; Erdogdu M.; Selcuk F., Rajeshkumar K. C., Aptroot A., Blaszkowski J., Boonyuen N., da Silva G. A., de Souza F. A., Dong W., Ertz D., Haelewaters D., Jones E. B. G., Karunarathna S. C., Kirk P. M., Kukwa M., Kumla, J., Leontyev D. V., Lumbsch H. T., Maharachchikumbura S. S. N, Magurno Franco, Martinez-Rodriguez P., Mesic A., Monteiro J. S., Oehl F., Pawlowska J., Pem D., Pfliegler W. P., Phillips A. J. L., Posta A., He M. Q., Li J. X.; Raza M., Sruthi O. P., Suetrong S., Suwannarach, N., Tedersoo, L., Thiyagaraja V., Tibpromma S., Tkalcec Z., Tokarev Y. S., Wanasinghe D. N., Wijesundara D. S. A., Wimalaseana S. D. M. K., Madrid H., Zhang G. Q., Gao Y., Sanchez-Castro I., Tang L. Z.; Stadler M., Yurkov A.; Thines M.This paper provides an updated classification of the Kingdom Fungi (including fossil fungi)
and fungus-like taxa. Five-hundred and twenty-three (535) notes are provided for newly introduced
taxa and for changes that have been made since the previous outline. In the discussion, the latest
taxonomic changes in Basidiomycota are provided and the classification of Mycosphaerellales are
broadly discussed. Genera listed in Mycosphaerellaceae have been confirmed by DNA sequence
analyses, while doubtful genera (DNA sequences being unavailable but traditionally
accommodated in Mycosphaerellaceae) are listed in the discussion. Problematic genera in
Glomeromycota are also discussed based on phylogenetic results
Solvent-particles interactions during composite particles formation by pulsed laser melting of α-Fe2O3
No full textThis work thoroughly investigates chemical solvent-particles interactions during the formation
of composite particles by pulsed laser melting of α-Fe2O3. Two solvents, with different dielectric
constants, such as ethyl acetate (εr = 6) and ethanol (εr = 24.6), were examined in terms of their effect
on the morphology, size, and phase composition of iron oxide composites. We calculated the laser
fluence curves using the heating-melting-evaporation approach to identify the critical particle size
that undergoes the phase changes first. We assessed the temperature of the particles irradiated with
390 mJ/pulse.cm2 in both solvents, including the heat dissipation between the particles and the liquid.
The phase diagram of the Fe–O–C–H system was calculated to determine the temperature–pressure
relationship of the system in equilibrium. We also employed an in situ GC–MS analysis to identify
the volatile products during irradiation. Based on our experimental results, we concluded that the
final diameter of the composites increases from 400 to 600 nm, along with the decreasing dielectric
constant of the solvent, which is related to the different polarization of the organic liquid and the
degree of particle agglomeration. The reduction of hematite in ethanol proceeded much faster,
ending up with Fe/FeCx, while in ethyl acetate, it ended up with Fe3O4.
Among all the particles, those
with a diameter of 200 nm have the highest temperature and undergo the phase transition first.
The temperature of a 200 nm composite particle in ethanol is slightly lower than in ethyl acetate,
i.e. 1870 K as compared to 1902 K. Phase equilibrium diagrams proved the existence of Fe, FeO, and
Fe3O4
as the preferred phases at about 1900 K. Our research provides a new insight into the process of
submicron particle formation during pulsed laser irradiation and allows proposing a mechanism for the
growth of particles of different size and phase composition depending on the solvent
Od rozproszenia do materializacji. Energia i entropia w sztukach wizualnych lat sześćdziesiątych a pierwszych dekad XXI wieku
No full textThe article discusses the topic of energy and entropy in visual arts, focusing on the reformulations which took place between the 1960s and the first decades of the 21st century. The shifts discussed are presented within the antihumanist turn of the 1960s, when entropy proved useful for various artists (especially Hans Hacke and Robert Smithson) in their postulates on the autonomy of a work of art, and the later, within the turn of materialisation of energy and entropy in the context of ecological crises (which is the main focus of such artists as Peter Blamey, David Haines, Joyce Hinterding or Olafur Eliasson). This research stems from the concept of the Entropocene, proposed by Bernard Stiegler, which states that entropy is a phenomenon that most adequately characterizes all crises of the human era
"Ljubezen do hribov, domače hrane, športa in narodne glasbe" – pravi Slovenec versus prawdziwy Słoweniec po mnenju slovenskih in poljskih anketirancev
No full textStereotypes as “images in the mind” influence people's way of thinking, acting and behaving. We are interested in how we perceive ourselves and, above all, how others see us. The aim of the authors is to reconstruct the image of a “true” Slovene on the basis of linguistic data collected in the survey among Slovene
and Polish respondents who have had contacts with representatives of both nations. The modifier “true” includes both a typical and a pattern representative. The comparison of auto- and heterostereotypical (i.e., Polish) perception enabled the reconstruction of a fuller linguistic and cultural portrait of a “true” Slovene. This image is made of the psychological, social, psychosocial, intellectual, and existential and cultural
aspects/characteristics that ethnolinguists pay attention to in their research
Transhumanistyczna koncepcja szczęścia postczłowieka – krytyczna analiza wybranych aspektów
No full textTranshumanism offers a vision of the evolution of human nature through technological development, culminating in the posthuman. He or she is to achieve not only an unimaginably high intellectual level and the possibility of cyber-immortality, but also to be maximally happy. The aim of the presented research was an attempt to clarify the not entirely clear idea of the posthuman and to critically address the prospects of his or her happy existence
The Zn1−xPbxCr2Se4-Single Crystals Obtained by Chemical Vapour Transport-Structure and Magnetic, Electrical, and Thermal Properties
No full textMonocrystalline chalcogenide spinels ZnCr2Se4 are antiferromagnetic and semiconductor
materials. They can be used to dope or alloy with related semiconducting spinels. Therefore, their
Pb-doped display is expected to have unique properties and new potential applications. This paper
presents the results of dc and ac magnetic measurements, including the critical fields visible on the
magnetisation isotherms, electrical conductivity, and specific heat of the ZnCr2S4:Pb single crystals.
These studies showed that substituting the diamagnetic Pb ion with a large ion radius for the Zn
one leads to strong short-range ferromagnetic interactions in the entire temperature range and spin
fluctuations in the paramagnetic region at Hdc = 50 kOe