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Wealth inequality in pre-industrial England: A long-term view (late thirteenth to sixteenth centuries)
No full textDatos sobre la desigualdad en la distribución de la riqueza en una muestra de condados de Inglaterra en varias fechas entre finales del siglo XIII/principios del siglo XIV y el siglo XVI. La estimación se basa en fuentes fiscales. Se utiliza como indicador el índice de Gini, el porcentaje poseído por cada cuartil, decil y el 1%
Manipulating the Soviet Image in Francoist Spain: from Yves Delbars to Graham Greene
No full textThe database comprises the reception of Yves Delbars's The Real Stalin (1950) and Graham Greene's The Third Man (1950) in Franco's Spain.
CLIOHRES was a Sixth Framework Network of Excellence (2005-2010) funded by the Directorate General for Research of the European Commission, contract CIT3-CT-2005-006164. The project was designed to address the novel historical challenges, needs and research opportunities emerging from today's context of a growing and expanding Europe</p
Controlling the symmetry of perylene derivatives via selective Or-tho-Borylation: Raw data
No full textThis work presents a systematic and rational approach to the synthesis of previously reported as well as novel tetra- and di- ortho-borylated perylene, perylenediimide, and perylenemonoimide scaffolds. Through optimization of reaction conditions, employing [Ir(OMe)(COD)]₂ as a catalyst and the suitable ligands, efficient tetraborylation and regioselective diborylations were achieved. Additionally, the reaction times were reduced from days to hours under microwave irradiation, rendering this methodology a practical and scalable route for the ortho-functionalization of perylene derivatives.
The dataset contains the raw data in pdf of the High resolution Mass Spectrometry measurements as well as the original files provided by the UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence apparatus. </p
“In situ” hexagonal nanostructures surface growth from boron-carbon nanodots
No full textData related with the article:“In situ” hexagonal nanostructures surface growth from boron-carbon nanodots.
Electrografting of boron doped carbon nanodots to generate hexagonal nanostructures over the surface of carbon electrodes and their application as electrochemical doubled layer capacitor.
Experimental Data obtained in boron-carbon dots characterization (UV-Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, dynamic light scattering, fluorescence spectroscopy), Experimental cyclic voltammetry data obtained during electrografting protocol. Charge-Discharge data obtained during capacitance test of modified electrodes.</p
Data of publication "A real-Time physical model for strain-based intelligent tires"
No full textTwo excell files are provided:
* Microstrain signals long_mov_M10.xlsx: The complete and raw data set with the experimental measurements performed on the tire test bench for different low speeds (details included in figures) and vertical loads. Slip angle of 0 degrees
Aging of Samsung INR21700-50E Li-ion cells
No full text Description of the project
This experimental work is part of the "Work Package 4 - Diagnosis of Li-ion cells and modules" of the project "Research and development of a highly automated and safe streamlined process for increased Lithium-ion battery repurposing and recycling". Acronym: (REBELION). Project number: 101104241. Program: HORIZON-CL5-2022-D2-01-10, European Climate, Infrastructure and Environment Executive Agency (CINEA), European Commission.
The objective of the Work Package 4 is to develop a diagnostic protocol for Li-ion cells and modules, and a device implementing it that will allow distinguishing between those cells fitted for second life applications and those that have reached end of life and need to be disassembled for recycling of their components.
The purpose of this aging experiment is to obtain cells for use in the development of a diagnostic protocol for Li-ion cells. The cells under investigation are Samsung INR21700-50E cells.
Description of the dataset
80 brand new Samsung INR21700-50E cells have been aged using different number of cycles and cycling strategies. Cell capacity has been measured before and after aging, and quasi-stationary OCV has been measured after aging. Cell voltage and current have been recorded during the aging process. In addition, the capacity and quasi-stationary OCV of 2 brand new Samsung INR21700-50E cells have been measured.
For each of the 80 aged cells, the dataset contains:
The capacity measurements obtained by Coulomb counting before and after aging.
The data collected during the aging process.
The quasi-stationary OCV measurements recorded after the aging.
For each of the 2 brand new cells, the dataset contains:
The capacity measurement obtained by Coulomb counting.
The quasi-stationary OCV measurements.
The 82 cells have been labelled using a combination of: their group number, the cycling strategy and A/B (cf. readme file for details). The repository consists of one directory per cell. The name of the directory corresponds to the label of the cell. Within these directories, the data is organized into directories as described below.
The 80 directories of the aged cells contain the following subdirectories:
The Capacity directory that contains two files, named CoulombCount_pre.xlsx and CoulombCount_post.xlsx, with the data of the Coulomb counts performed before and after the aging, respectively.
The Cycles directory that contains the xlsx files generated by the cycler system during the cell aging.
The pOCV directory that contains the three xlsx files generated during the three steps of the quasi-stationary OCV measurements: conditioning, and discharge and charge at C/48.
The 2 directories of the brand new cells contain:
The Capacity directory that contains a file named CoulombCount.xlsx with the data of the Coulomb counting.
The pOCV directory that contains the three files generated during the three steps of the quasi-stationary OCV measurements.
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Replication data COVID-19 Vaccines, Healthcare Policies and Stock Markets
No full textDaily quotations of stocks corresponding to several biopharmaceutical companies which produced Covid-19 vaccines. These data are detailed and analyzed in the following paper:
Diaz, R. F., Herrador-Alcaide, T. C., & Sanchez-Robles, B. (2023). COVID-19 Vaccines, Healthcare Policies and Stock Markets: Are There Winners and Losers? Risk Management and Healthcare Policy, 16, 971–989. https://doi.org/10.2147/RMHP.S40621
Replication Data for Selective extraction of high-added value carboxylic acids from aqueous fermentative effluents with hydrophobic eutectic solvents (HES)
No full textRecovering these carboxylic acids from the fermentative streams in a sustainable, green, and economical way is a significant challenge. This work assessed hydrophobic eutectic solvents (HES) – water-immiscible – for the selective recovery of carboxylic acids via liquid-liquid extraction. Different trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) mixtures with menthol and thymol were studied and deeply characterized by 1H and 31P NMR to yield stable eutectic solvents including, a novel experiment of 31P-NMR at variable temperatures for the first time. Those stable eutectic solvents were tested in the liquid extraction of complex aqueous mixtures containing C2-C6 carboxylic acids and simple sugars (glucose and xylose). The back-extraction of the carboxylic acids for the recovery of the HES was optimized, being necessary in three stages for the complete cleaning of the eutectic solvent using NaOH 0.1 M. The eutectic mixture of TOPO and thymol in a molar ratio of 1:2 exhibited an overall recovery of C5 and C6 carboxylic acids over 70 %, allowing its selective extraction from the rest of the compounds in the complex mixture. Likewise, this HES (after back extraction) was successfully reused in a second extraction cycle, keeping the performance of the fresh one. Therefore, in this study it was demonstrated that the use of HES, it was able to extract with a high selectivity carboxylic acids of (≥ C5), besides being very stable solvents these allowed reusability reducing the environmental impact and process costs.Methodology
Materials
All chemicals were used as received without further purification from the supplier Sigma Aldrich. Trioctylphosphine oxide (TOPO) ≥ 99.0%, Thymol ≥ 98.5%, and Menthol 99% were used to synthesize the HES. Acetic acid 99.0%, Propionic acid ≥ 99.0%, Butyric acid ≥ 99.0%, Valeric acid ≥ 98.0%, Hexanoic acid ≥ 99.0%, Fumaric acid ≥ 99.0%, Glucose ≥ 99.0% and Xylose ≥ 99.0% were used to prepare synthetic mixtures of carboxylic acids.
Synthesis and characterization of HES
In this study, six mixtures were synthesized with a different molar ratio of TOPO to menthol and thymol: 1TOPO:1Thymol (1T:1T), 1TOPO:2Thymol (1T:2T), 2TOPO:1Thymol (2T:1T), 1TOPO:1Menthol (1T:1M), 1TOPO:2Menthol (1T:2T) and 2TOPO:1Menthol (2T:1M). Thymol and menthol were selected because of their availability, natural source, and good performance in extracting single components 33. The following synthesis method was a thermal procedure as described in literature 25. The temperature selected was 40 ºC, and if the mixture did not reach the liquid state, the temperature was raised to a maximum of 100 ºC, and the temperature was kept for 1 h. Afterward, the resultant mixtures were allowed to cool naturally at room temperature and kept isolated from the light to prevent degradation for 24 hours. Those mixtures that remain in a liquid state after cooling and storing for 24 hours were selected for the extraction assays. Otherwise, they were discarded. Because of the aqueous nature of the extraction feed phase, it is essential to ensure that HES is hydrophobic.
To demonstrate the hydrophobic nature of the synthesized hydrophobic eutectic solvents (HESs), they were subjected to a one-hour mixing with water, followed by decantation. Subsequently, using the Karl Fisher titration method, the water content in each HES was measured. The results showed values of less than 1 g/L of water, indicating the immiscibility of HESs in water.
Furthermore, analysis of the extracted aqueous samples using HPLC, in both the extraction and the back-extraction, revealed no signals of TOPO, menthol, or thymol. This observation provides further evidence of the absence of HES degradation into the aqueous phase during extraction processes.
The formation of the HES was monitored using nuclear magnetic resonance (31P and 1H-NMR). NMR has also been used to explore the interactions of HES molecules with the different compounds to extract. The experiments were conducted using a Bruker Advance NEO 9.4 T spectrometer (400 MHz 1H resonance frequency) with a 5 mm probe. The 31P resonance frequency was 161.99 MHz, and a single pulse sequence with 1H decoupling. The Press delay (D1) was 30 seconds for all the experiments. In the case of the experiments at variable temperatures, variations of 10 ºC were used. 31P reference was triphenyl phosphate in acetone-d6 (TPP) at -17.59 ppm. 31P-NMR experiments at variable temperatures were conducted under two modes: (1) an experiment increasing the temperature from 10 ºC to the temperature formation established when the synthesis was optimized, i.e., 40 ºC (in intervals of 10 ºC), and final increase of the temperature up to 60 ºC to check the stability of the molecule’s interaction; and (2) decreasing the temperature from 60 ºC to 20 ºC (in intervals of 10 º C) to prove the stability of the molecule’s interaction with the temperature variation again. In addition, a control experiment of TOPO was also carried out to make sure the signal offset was not due to the temperature variation, as is usually the case in NMR techniques at variable temperatures 43.
Liquid-Liquid Extraction
Aqueous solutions of acetic, propionic, butyric, valeric, hexanoic, pyruvic, and fumaric acids were prepared individually and all together with a concentration of 1 g/L each. Additionally, glucose and xylose were added at 1 g/L for some experiments to make the mixture more representative of the composition of a real fermentation effluent. In real fermentation effluents, the concentration of each acid can vary significaly based on various operating conditions including the substrate type, inoculum, pH, temperature and retention time 44–46. To maintain consistency and avoid potential saturation of components in hydrophobic eutectic solvents (HESs) , it was opted to establish an average concentration of 1 g/L for all the compounds in the mixture. Furthermore, it’s essential to note that the primary focus of this study is to understand and determine the key factors influencing the interaction of individual components or their collective presence.
HES and aqueous solution were introduced in a 20 mL Ace pressure glass and stirred at 300 rpm at 30 ºC for different times, with feed/HES volume ratio of 1:1. Both phases were separated by pouring in a settling funnel and allowing a decantation time until a clear separation between phases was observed. The concentration of different compounds in the aqueous phase (raffinate) was analyzed by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) in an Agilent 1260 Infinity apparatus equipped with a refractive index (RID)-G13662A as detector and a Hi-Plex H+ column (300 x 7.7 mm) from Phenomenex. The extraction yield (YE) and distribution coefficient (Ki) were calculated as shown in equations (1) and (2).
Y_E (%)=(C_i^F-C_i^R)/(C_i^F )×100 Eq. 1
Where C_i^F refers to the initial concentration of the compounds in the aqueous phase (feed) and C_i^R is the component concentration in the aqueous phase (raffinate) after the extraction. The distribution coefficient was defined as the concentration of solute in the organic solvent divided by the concentration of solute in the aqueous phase 47, when the equilibrium is reached.
K_i=(C_i^E)/(C_i^R ) Eq. 2
Where C_i^E, refers to the concentration of the compounds in the HES phase after the extraction (extract), and C_i^R is the compound concentration in the aqueous phase (raffinate) after the extraction and under equilibrium conditions.
On the other hand, Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of the HES samples after extraction were carried out to determine whether the structure of the solvents is maintained after extraction and whether water is being absorbed by the HES Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis were carried out of the HES after use. A Nicolet 5700 spectrometer apparatus equipped with an iS50 ATR device was used for measurements in the range of 500-4000 cm -1.
2.4 Recovery of carboxylic acids from the HES by liquid Phase Extraction (Back-extraction)
The recovery of the previously extracted acids was done through a new extraction stage by putting the HES enriched in the acids of interest in contact with an alkaline solution, which was enriched with the acids, leaving the HES "clean" for its subsequent reuse. This second extraction stage was called "back-extraction" . The back-extraction yields (YBE) were calculated as shown in Equation 3.
Y_BE (%)=(C_i^E')/(C_i^F' )×100 Eq. 3
Where, C_i^E', refers to the compound’s concentration in the alkali phase after the back- extraction (extract’) and C_i^F', refers to the compound’s concentration in the HES before the back-extraction (feed’) which is the same as the C_i^E (Figure 1).
Different types of alkali solutions (NH4, NaOH, and Na2CO3) were studied for the back extraction step since basic agents have previously been used successfully in the extraction of carboxylic acids in both DES 13 and ILs 24. Since we were interested in obtaining a HES that is as "clean" as possible to be suitable for reusing, this "back-extraction" step must be optimized to ensure that practically no carboxylic acid remains. For this purpose, we optimized the following extraction variables: the type of alkaline agent, the concentration of the alkaline agent, the extraction time, the alkali/HES volume ratio, and the number of required steps.
Finally, the overall extraction yield (Y) was calculated considering the initial loading of compounds in the raw feed (CiF) and that obtained in the recovered aqueous solution after the back extraction (CiE`), as shown in equation 4 (Figure 3).
Figure 3. Complete extraction system for the recovery of carboxylic acids.
Y (%)=(C_i^(E^' ))/(C_i^F )∙100 Eq.
Financial ES-EN parallel corpus from annual reports
No full textThe creation of this dataset is framed in the Spanish national project CLARA-FINT. It is a dataset with parallel bilingual texts (EN-ES). These texts are the main Spanish listed Companies' annual reports. Usually, said reports are publicly available under their respective shareholders website sections. The creation of this dataset included the cleaning of these reports and its manual alignment in both languages. It served as a gold standard to fine-tune a model for this automatic alignment task. It is worth noting that this publication only contains translation units in CSV format. A column per language. A total of 5000 random and disarranged units were selected.
This is a CSV file containing the Spanish text in the first column, and the English equivalent text in the second one. These are equivalent because the English version is a translation from the Spanish. Regarding the original files, both versions are official and available in each company's website. In short, the file is a translation memory with 5000 translation units that were disarranged and randomized.</p
Thermus thermophilus TnSeq
No full textIn this study we develop a procedure for thermostable selection of random insertion mutants based on a gene cassette encoding a thermostable resistance to kanamycin flanked by the recognition sites (ME sites) for Tn5 transposase. The transposition library generated in vitro was initialy transformed in a PrimPol mutant HB27 derivative (ppol), which shows ~2 log fold transformation efficiency. This allowed the generation of the generation of a large library of insertion mutants (“Mother”), which was later transferred to a wild type HB27 strain (“Daughter”). Both libraries were sequenced straightforward and after several culture passages. See the manuscript for more details.
This dataset contains the raw data of the sequencing libraries as well as the GitHub repository containing the scrips and reports from the analysis.</p