Archivio istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi di Parma
Not a member yet
127980 research outputs found
Sort by
Antibiotic treatment of acute and recurrent otitis media in children: an Italian intersociety Consensus
No full textAcute Otitis Media (AOM) typically affects previously healthy children and can be recurrent. This inter-society consensus aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for the antibiotic therapy of mild, severe and recurrent otitis media in previously healthy children in Italy. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify the most recent/relevant evidence. The Embase, Scopus, PubMed, and Cochrane databases were used with the terms "children," "acute otitis media”, “recurrent otitis media”, and "antibiotics," from 2012 to April 2024, with no language restrictions. The review focused on studies conducted in high-income countries involving antibiotic therapy in children over 3 months of age diagnosed with AOM or Recurrent AOM (RAOM). The GRADE ADOLOPMENT was used to assess the possibility of adopting or adapting recommendations from two evidence-based guidelines: 'NICE guideline Otitis media (acute): antimicrobial prescribing', updated to 2022 and SIP Intersocietal GL 2019 “Management of acute otitis media in paediatric age: diagnosis, therapy and prevention” The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE approach. Final recommendations were formulated through a Delphi consensus process with an expert panel. All major randomised trials and international guidelines promote the appropriate use of antibiotics and advocate a therapy with narrow-spectrum molecules (amoxicillin). The amoxicillin-clavulanic acid is only envisaged when there is a risk of infection by β-lactamase-producing bacteria. In healthy children, amoxicillin should be initiated as a first-line treatment only after a 48–72-h period of appropriate "watchful waiting", during which symptoms are treated while monitoring the patient clinically to see if symptoms resolve. Amoxicillin-clavulanate or second-generation cephalosporins should be reserved for non-immunized children, those with immune deficiencies or those with underlying conditions. In these cases, the use of a clavulanic acid-protected amoxicillin is preferred even though there is no specific scientific evidence to support this choice. The recommended amoxicillin dosage is 90 mg/kg/day, divided into three doses, though two doses may be considered to improve compliance. A five-day duration of therapy is advised. In conclusion the diagnosis of AOM/RAOM relies primarily on clinical assessment, which often introduces uncertainty in distinguishing between viral and bacterial infections whereby there remains significant potential to improve antibiotic utilisation. Future studies could play a key role in enhancing the management of AOM/RAOM in children, ensuring that antibiotic treatments are appropriate and effective
Sex and age differences in the association between heart rate variability and cardiac chronotropy: A replication- extension study
No full textVelocity Model Construction and Time-to-Depth Conversion of a Vintage Seismic Reflection Profile for Improving the Constraints on a Subsurface Geological Model: An Example from the Sicily Channel (Central Mediterranean Sea)
No full textAnalysis of Daily Physical Activity by Garmin Smartwatches: A 7-Month Experiment
No full textIt is well-known, especially nowadays, how a regular amount of daily physical activity allows people to stay healthy, to reduce their risk of chronic diseases, and to improve their quality of life. To this end, technological solutions—in particular, wearable devices like smartwatches—can be considered as effective tools to enable self-monitoring of users, who can gain awareness of their health status and can possibly share information with medical personnel in the case of need. In this paper, an Internet of Things (IoT) architecture for long-time monitoring and daily physical activity quantification of healthy adults is presented. The proposed system exploits the availability of Garmin smartwatches worn by adult volunteers to collect multiple activity indicators, which are then properly processed in order to quantify the daily physical activity of each monitored subject. This is expedient to experimentally evaluate an innovative performance index, referred to as Physical Activity Index (PAI)
Giovanni Raboni traducteur de "Partage de Midi"
No full textPoète et dramaturge, dans sa traduction de "Partage de Midi", Giovanni Raboni a orienté l'interprétation et la lecture de la pièce claudélienne suivant une perspective très personnelle. En 1988 il achève la traduction italienne de "Partage de Midi" pour le Teatro Franco Parenti de Milan. La puissance et la qualité spécifique de la langue italienne sont alors mises au service de sa réinterprétation, car va recréer une quatrième version de "Partage", à partir de la première version de 1906 et des deux versions successives de 1948 et 1949 respectivement. La dimension religieuse de la pièce passe alors au second plan, mais ses choix demeurement cohérents et le texte italien se présente comme étant d'une grande beauté.Italian playwright and poet Giovanni Raboni oriented the reading of the dramatic text in a very
personal sense. In 1988, he completed the translation of an Italian version of Break of Noon,
intended for the Teatro Franco Parenti company. The power and the specific qualities of Italian are put to the service of a reinterpretation: he creates a fourth work from the first version
and the rewritings of 1948 and 1949. The religious dimension certainly takes second place, but
his choices are fully coherent and the Italian text is of great beauty
Spirotetrahydroisoquinoline-Based Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors as New Antifibrotic Agents: Biological Evaluation in Human Fibroblasts from Bronchoalveolar Lavages of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Patients
No full textIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare interstitial lung disease typified by a progressive fibrosing phenotype. IPF has been associated with aberrant HDAC activity, particularly HDAC6. Combining synthetic and modeling studies, a new family of spirotetrahydroisoquinoline-capped histone deacetylase inhibitors 5a-o was developed. These analogues were prepared via the three-component Castagnoli-Cushman reaction (CCR) as the key step. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies identified 5n (fibrostat) as a preferential HDAC6 inhibitor with a suitable degree of selectivity compared to HDAC1, HDAC3, HDAC5, HDAC8, HDAC10, and HDAC11. 5n was able to negatively modulate the expression of fibrotic markers, fibronectin and collagen 1, in fibroblasts derived from bronchoalveolar lavages of IPF patients. In another ex vivo IPF human model, 5n (fibrostat) reduced the expression of fibronectin and negatively affected the expression of collagen 1 and vimentin, the latter being associated with invasiveness. Finally, fibrostat did not show toxicity in rat-perfused heart and zebrafish larvae
Cell-Penetrating Peptide-Decorated Nanovectors for Nose-to-Brain Delivery: A New Treatment Option for CNS Diseases
No full textIn recent years, nanotechnology-based approaches have emerged as promising strategies for improving drug delivery to the brain. Specifically, nanoparticles (NPs) decorated with cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) have attracted considerable attention for their potential to overcome the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and facilitate efficient nose-to-brain delivery. This chapter highlights studies described in the literature involving the development of CPP-decorated nanoparticles for nose-to-brain delivery that focus on the treatment of CNS diseases. Furthermore, the strategies/methods for developing and testing these nanoparticles will be reviewed, and the challenges associated with brain drug delivery and the potential of CPP-based strategies to overcome the obstacles will be discussed
Clinical Implications and Preventive Strategies for Neonatal and Infant Hypovitaminosis D: Analysis and Comparison of Current Evidence
No full textBackground: Vitamin D is essential for neonatal health, with maternal vitamin D status crucial in fetal development and neonatal outcomes. During pregnancy, vitamin D is transferred to the fetus via the placenta, forming an initial reserve. Postnatally, neonates rely on maternal levels and supplementation due to limited sunlight exposure and immature skin synthesis. Objectives: This review evaluates neonatal vitamin D deficiency’s causes and clinical consequences, emphasizing its impact on newborn and infant health. Results: Maternal vitamin D levels strongly correlate with neonatal 25(OH)D concentrations, influencing birth weight, bone development, and overall health. Supplementation during pregnancy reduces the risk of severe deficiencies and rickets, particularly in exclusively breastfed infants who require daily supplementation of 400 IU. Formula-fed infants typically meet requirements through fortified formulas. Preterm infants are at a higher risk of complications like osteopenia and rickets, with mixed evidence on the effectiveness of higher supplementation doses. Vitamin D is critical in skeletal development, immune function, and protection against respiratory infections such as bronchiolitis and pneumonia. Deficiency is associated with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), atopic dermatitis, and impaired bone mineralization due to reduced placental calcium transport. Conclusions: Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy and infancy has significant clinical implications, including impaired skeletal and immune development. Maternal and neonatal supplementations are critical to prevent deficiencies, particularly in high-risk groups such as preterm and breastfed infants. Targeted strategies are essential to improve neonatal health outcomes and prevent complications