Archivio istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi di Parma
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The role of leadership as a variable factor in the phenomenon of intention to stay of nurses: an integrative review
No full textPurpose: The well-being of nurses in health-care organizations is an increasingly key factor, and the increasing phenomenon of turnover and leaving of the profession by nurses undermines their attractiveness. This integrative review aims to investigate whether the leadership enforced by leaders can influence the intention to stay of their employees and which style of leadership would be most effective in facilitating retention. Design/methodology/approach: This integrative review summarizes the scientific literature of the last 10 years to provide a comprehensive understanding of a leadership style in health-care organizations. The electronic biomedical databases were interviewed by MEDLINE, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, ERIC and, for grey literature, Google Scholar. The articles included have been submitted to a critical appraisal through the Critical Review Form for Quantitative Studies and the Critical Review Form for Qualitative Studies Version 2.0. Findings: In total, 21 articles of quantitative, qualitative and mixed method research were included, including two doctoral theses and an editorial comment from a scientific journal. Five themes are identified: Leadership style as a predictor of retention, exogenous factors, individual, organizational or endogenous factors, effects of leadership and effective leadership styles. It emerges that the leadership style strongly influences the intention to stay, and the most effective styles for this purpose are supportive, authentic or ethical and transformational. Originality/value: The leader's action influences the phenomenon of intention to stay, and proactive leadership styles contribute to the retention of nurses in their organizations. Transformational leadership appears more flexible and more suitable to favor the intention to stay
Italian adaptation of Listening Effort Assessment Scale and Fatigue Assessment Scale questionnaires
No full textObjective. The purpose of this study is to adapt linguistically and culturally the Listening Effort Assessment Scale (EAS) and Fatigue Assessment Scale (FAS) questionnaires into Italian (EAS-IT and FAS-IT) and to investigate the reliability and validity of these scales in normal hearing and hearing-impaired subjects. Methods. The Italian adaptation of the EAS and FAS questionnaires was conducted based on back and forward translation methodology. Both questionnaires were administered to 101 normal hearing (NH) subjects and 88 hearing-impaired subjects including 19 hearing aid users (HA), 50 cochlear implant users (CI) and 19 affected by single-sided deafness (SSD). Results. Both questionnaires showed a high reliability (Cronbach's alpha was 0.953 for EAS-IT and 0.837 for FAS-IT). EAS-IT showed high internal consistency with item-rest correlations. The inter-item correlation of the FAS-IT shows a difference in the internal consistency of item 4. A high significance between the NH group and the 3 hearing loss groups (HA, CI, SSD) was found for EAS-IT, but no significant difference was found between NH and the single hearing-impaired groups for FAS-IT. Conclusions. EAS-IT showed good internal reliability and validity and is sensitive to hearing loss
Perioperative assessment and management of frailty in elderly patients: a national survey of Italian anesthesiologists
No full textBackground: The prevalence of frailty is increasing as the global population continues to age. Frailty is associated with poor perioperative outcomes including increased morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this study is to examine current practices and perspectives of anesthesiogists in Italy on the provision of care for elderly surgical patients with frailty. Methods: We conducted a national survey. Data were collected via an online questionnaire distributed by the Italian Society of Anaesthesia, Analgesia, Resuscitation and Intensive Care (SIAARTI). Responses were collected over 24 weeks between October 2022 and March 2023. Results: Seven-hundred thirteen anesthetists completed the survey. A total of 39.8% (277) of respondents were working in university hospitals. Frailty scoring was routinely performed in 51.8% of care settings. Only 26.3% of organizations surveyed had a dedicated pathway for perioperative management of frail elderly patients. The most common method for frailty assessment was the subjective assessment by the anesthesiologist (58.3%). More than half of the participants reported the use of ERAS items in most cases. Almost half of respondents reported the use of postoperative screening tools for delirium (45% of respondents). Discussion: While these results point to the resistance to clinical implementation of frailty assessment, they also highlight the perceived need for careful management. This can help in identifying elderly patients who may require targeted perioperative management and in ensuring the preservation of cognitive and functional status
Can extreme weather forecasts lead to a risk premium? Evidence of a non-linear response in U.S. natural gas futures
No full textCurrent and future challenges in stabilization techniques applied to particulate foods: a review
No full textStabilization of foods containing particulates is a critical aspect of modern food processing industries, and extensive research has highlighted the challenges and innovations in this topic. As consumer demand for nutritious, high-quality, affordable food options continues to rise, the development of advanced processing technologies has become increasingly important. These technologies must not only preserve the structural integrity of particulate-containing foods but also ensure product quality, safety, and shelf life. Addressing these needs is essential for meeting the expectations of health-conscious and value-driven consumers of today. The diversified low, medium, and high-viscosity foods containing particulates are complex and vary by processing method. This challenge has driven extensive research using analytical techniques, numerical and mathematical modeling, and computer simulations to better understand particulate behavior. The present review introduces the perspectives and their potential about the current important aspects regarding the fundamental mechanisms, stabilization techniques, critical parameters, their effects on the final quality and future perspectives of particulate foods with regard to the batch/in-container, continuous, aseptic, thermal-non-thermal, and other innovative processes associated with particulate foods. The data collection of stabilization is still in improvement, a few conflicting trends have been accounted for, essential further clarification and rapid development of techniques are crucial in the field of particulate foods. However, the real challenge is the formation of a microbiologically safe operation for particulates, without sacrificing the essential quality factor of stability, with a minimal detrimental impact on food
Les travailleurs sur les chantiers de construction publique de l’Athènes classique à travers la documentation épigraphique
No full textAprès un rapide aperçu des étapes politiques et administratives qui, dans la démocratie athénienne, menaient de la proposition et de l’approbation d’un projet de construction à sa réalisation, la présente contribution se concentre sur l’organisation du secteur de la construction et sur les modalités de recrutement des travailleurs telles qu’elles nous sont révélées par la documentation épigraphique, en s’appuyant notamment sur les comptes rendus des chantiers de l’Érechthéion à la fin du Ve siècle et du sanctuaire d’Éleusis dans le troisième quart du IVe siècle
Uncertainty Analysis for Deep Learning Prediction in Human Activity Recognition based on Monte Carlo Approach
No full textDifferential Impact of Risk Factors for Cognitive Decline in Heterosexual and Sexual Minority Older Adults in England
No full textBackground/Objectives: Sexual minority older adults (SMOAs) report greater subjective cognitive decline (SCD) than heterosexual older adults (HOAs). This study aimed to compare the impact of multiple psycho-social risk factors on objective and subjective cognitive decline in HOAs and SMOAs. Methods: Two samples of self-identified HOAs and SMOAs were selected from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Reliable change indices for episodic and semantic memory were created to assess cognitive decline. SCD was self-reported for memory and general cognition. Depressive symptoms, loneliness, marital status and socio-economic status were investigated as risk factors. Results: No between-group differences were found in cognitive decline. Higher depression was associated with greater SCD risk and worse semantic memory decline. The latter effect was stronger in SMOAs. The findings were largely replicated in the sensitivity analysis. Conclusions: Poor mental health may represent the strongest driver of cognitive decline in SMOAs and to a greater extent than in HOAs
In Vivo Safety and Efficacy of Thiosemicarbazones in Experimental Mice Infected with Toxoplasma gondii Oocysts
No full textBackground: Toxoplasma gondii is a globally widespread parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis, a zoonotic disease with significant impact on both human and animal health. The current lack of safe and effective treatments underscores the need for new drugs. Earlier, thiosemicarbazones (TSCs) and their metal complexes have shown promising activities against T. gondii. This study evaluated a gold (III) complex C3 and its TSC ligand C4 for safety in host immune cells and zebrafish embryos, followed by efficacy assessment in a murine model for chronic toxoplasmosis. Methods: The effects on viability and proliferation of murine splenocytes were determined using Alamar Blue assay and BrdU ELISA, and potential effects of the drugs on zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos were detected through daily light microscopical inspection within the first 96 h of embryo development. The parasite burden in treated versus non-treated mice was measured by quantitative real-time PCR in the brain, eyes and the heart. Results: Neither compound showed immunosuppressive effects on the host immune cells but displayed dose-dependent toxicity on early zebrafish embryo development, suggesting that these compounds should not be applied in pregnant animals. In the murine model of chronic toxoplasmosis, C4 treatment significantly reduced the parasite load in the heart but not in the brain or eyes, while C3 did not have any impact on the parasite load. Conclusions: These results highlight the potential of C4 for further exploration but also the limitations of current approaches in effectively reducing parasite burden in vivo