Archivio istituzionale della Ricerca - Università degli Studi di Parma
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Petrological Exploration of Magma Storage and Evolution Conditions at the Eastern Virunga Volcanic Province (Rwanda, East African Rift System)
No full textThe Virunga Volcanic Province (VVP), located in the western branch of the East African Rift System, hosts a variety of alkaline lavas erupted from closely spaced volcanic centers. However, the magmatic system of this region, particularly in its eastern sector, remains insufficiently constrained. In this study, we present a petrological and geochemical investigation of basaltic to trachytic lavas from the eastern VVP. Thermobarometric analysis of mineral phases indicates that basalts originated from magma storage zones between 4 and 30 km deep, with crystallization temperatures of ~1200 °C and melt H2O contents lower than 1 wt%. In contrast, more evolved magmas crystallized at similar depths, but at lower temperatures (~1050 °C) and higher H2O contents, ranging from 2 to 4 wt%. Thermodynamic modelling suggests that extensive (up to 70%) fractional crystallization of an assemblage dominated by olivine, clinopyroxene, and plagioclase can produce the more evolved trachytic derivatives from basaltic parental melts. When integrated with previous studies from other VVP volcanoes, our findings deepen the understanding of the architecture of the magmatic system beneath the region, suggesting it resembles a well-developed multi-level plumbing system
A Educação das Pessoas com Deficiência na Itália: Evolução Legislativa e Incidência das Políticas Socioeconômicas sobre as Práticas Inclusivas
No full textRESUMO: Este artigo apresenta o interesse crescente sobre as condições das pessoas com deficiência na Itália, desde os anos
1960 até o período pós-pandemia da covid-19, indicando as mudanças sociopolíticas e sociais nas quais se realizam os percursos
de integração em uma perspectiva inclusiva na escola pública/comum italiana. Trata-se de um processo complexo e articulado,
que envolve, em graus variados, os interessados diretos, as comunidades de referência e a política, em uma fusão de percursos
emancipatórios institucionais e sociais. A abordagem da pesquisa é qualitativa e baseia-se na análise documental. Analisa-se o modo
como as crises econômicas mundiais e o desenvolvimento do pensamento neoliberal repercutem nas políticas públicas, na redução
do investimento estatal a partir dos anos 2000, inserindo reformas que afetam as escolas, o mundo do trabalho e a sociedade
italiana de modo geral. No que consiste à escolarização de pessoas com deficiência, as mudanças recentes da legislação educacional
italiana comprometem os princípios da inclusão escolar, haja vista que favorecem dinâmicas institucionais meritocráticas entre
os profissionais da educação. Desse modo, as atuais medidas da gestão pública italiana não têm trazido mudanças efetivas aos
problemas estruturais enfrentados pela educação pública/comum no país.
PALAVRAS-CHAVE: Deficiência. Ação social. Direitos e solidariedade. Integração em perspectiva inclusiva. legislação.
ABSTRACT: This paper presents the growing interest in the living conditions of people with disabilities in Italy, from the 1960s
to the post-Covid-19 pandemic period, highlighting the socio-political and social changes within which integration paths are
pursued from an inclusive perspective in the Italian public/community school system. It is a complex and articulated process that
involves, to varying degrees, direct actors, reference communities, and political actors, linking institutional and social emancipation
pathways. The research approach is qualitative and based on document analysis. It analyzes how global economic crises and the
development of neoliberal thinking have affected public policies, which, since the 2000s, have reduced state investments and
introduced reforms that have impacted schools, the world of work, and Italian society in general. With regard to the schooling of
people with disabilities, recent changes in Italian education legislation have challenged the principles of school inclusion, favoring
a meritocratic institutional dynamic among education professionals. Thus, the current actions of the Italian public administration
have not brought about effective changes to the structural problems of public/community education in Italy.
KEYWORDS: Disability. Social action. Rights and solidarity. Integration within an inclusive perspective. Legislation
Approccio multi-tecnico allo studio dei rinvenimenti ceramici provenienti dalla villa di Fiumana
No full textIl gruppo di campioni oggetto di questo studio consiste in 11 frammenti ceramici
relativi a distinte classi: un frammento di parete in terra sigillata italica, un
frammento di orlo in terra sigillata africana, due frammenti di pareti in ceramica
comune verniciata in rosso (uno presenta la vernice all’esterno e uno all’interno),
due frammenti di orli pertinenti a contenitori distinti in ceramica comune, un
frammento di parete di olla e due frammenti di orli in ceramica comune da cucina,
un’ansa di anfora, un frammento di parete di mortaio in ceramica comune
con rivestimento.
Ogni campione è stato preliminarmente osservato tramite lo stereomicroscopio
(Optical Microscope, OM), modello Optika, con un range d’ingrandimento di
10-80X, per una prima informazione riguardo la morfologia di dettaglio.
Per alcuni campioni selezionati è stata preparata una sezione sottile (30 μm) che
è stata osservata al microscopio ottico a luce polarizzata Nikon Super CoolScan
5000 ED nelle due condizioni a polarizzatori paralleli (PPL) e incrociati (XPL). In
questo modo è stato possibile caratterizzare gli impasti definendo colore, omogeneità,
porosità, granulometria e natura mineralogica degli inclusi, eventuale
presenza di fossili.
In seguito, l’uso della diffrazione di raggi X su polveri (X-Ray Powder Diffraction,
XRPD) ha permesso di determinare natura e abbondanza delle fasi cristalline
presenti. Le analisi sono state eseguite su pochi milligrammi dei campioni ridotti
in polveri tramite un diffrattometro Bruker D2 Phaser con radiazione al Cu Kα
(λ=1,54178 Å), 30 kV e 10 mA, filtro al Ni, 2θ tra 5 e 70°, step di 0,02° e un tempo
di campionatura di 1 s per step.
Infine, le sezioni sottili e tutti i frammenti ceramici sono stati indagati in maniera
puntuale attraverso la spettroscopia micro-Raman, con la quale è stato possibile
identificare le fasi che caratterizzano non solo l’eventuale rivestimento e l’esterno
del manufatto, ma anche il corpo interno. Infatti, nonostante si tratti di una tecnica
non distruttiva e non invasiva, si è scelto di sacrificare una piccola porzione di
campione, per raggiungere un quadro il più completo possibile. La strumentazione
utilizzata è costituita da un micro-spettrometro Horiba LabRAM equipaggiato con
il laser He-Ne (emissione a 632,8 nm) e il laser Nd:YAG (emissione a 473,1 nm) e
con un microscopio integrato Olympus BX40 dotato di obbiettivi 10X, 50X, 100X.
La risoluzione spettrale è circa 2 cm-1. La potenza sul campione è stata tenuta sotto
i 10 mW usando filtri di densità neutra. Per raccogliere il segnale Raman sono stati
utilizzati gli obbiettivi 50X (a distanza di lavoro ultra-lunga) e 100X (quest’ultimo
sulle sezioni sottili). Il tempo di acquisizione per ciascun punto è stato tra i 90 e i
120 s, fino a un massimo di 300 s in casi particolari
Minor Visual Phenomena in Lewy Body Disease: A Systematic Review
No full textMinor visual phenomena (MVP), such as visual illusions, pareidolias, feeling of presence, and passage hallucinations, are often experienced by patients with Lewy Body Disease (LBD), in addition to complex visual hallucinations (VH), even in the early stages of the disease. This systematic review aimed to provide an up-to-date literature review of the occurrence and prevalence of MVP in LBD and to assess their potential associations both with VH and visuoperceptual and visuospatial deficits. A systematic literature search was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, APA PsycInfo, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, and a total of 44 articles were included. The included studies showed significant variability in the occurrence of MVP in the LBD population and in the assessment methods used, such as standardized scales (e.g., the noise pareidolia test), semi-structured interviews (e.g., the North-East Visual Hallucinations Interview), and clinical descriptions. Similarly to VH, MVP appears to be highly specific to LBD, helping in differential diagnosis from Alzheimer’s Disease. The overall relationship between MVP, VH, and visuoperceptual/visuospatial deficits remains unclear. Some studies found that MVP (especially pareidolic responses and presence of hallucinations) was positively correlated with VH, yet it is challenging to determine whether MVP can be considered a precursor of future VH development. Negative associations were reported between MVP (especially pareidolias) and visuoperceptual/visuospatial abilities. However, it is not clear whether these deficits serve as independent, exclusive factors in MVP occurrence or if they interact with VH as a contributing component. Gaining insight into the occurrence of these phenomena could prove beneficial for differential diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of treatment outcomes in patients with LBD
La crescita dell’imprenditoria immigrata nell’Unione Europea e nell’area OCSE prima e dopo la pandemia: un approfondimento sui lavoratori autonomi
No full textDevelopment and Validation of the Italian Pregnancy Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (ItPreNKQ): A Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire for Pregnant Italian Women
No full textBackground/Objectives: Maternal nutrition during pregnancy exerts a significant influence on both maternal and foetal health, as well as long-term child development. Despite its importance, adherence to dietary guidelines among pregnant women remains low. The present study aimed to develop and validate the Italian Pregnancy Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (ItPreNKQ), based on national dietary guidelines for the pregnant Italian population, assessing its reliability and validity. Methods: The ItPreNKQ comprised 15 questions covering key topics on nutrition during pregnancy. The questionnaire was validated through item analysis (difficulty and discrimination indices), construct validity, internal consistency, and reliability tests. Results: A total of 145 pregnant Italian women participated in the study. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed through a Pearson’s correlation of R = 0.790 and a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.682, indicating strong temporal stability and acceptable internal consistency. Despite good overall performance, the mean knowledge score was 10.6 ± 2.5 out of 15, indicating significant knowledge gaps in specific topics. Conclusions: The ItPreNKQ has been demonstrated to be a reliable and valid tool for the assessment of nutrition knowledge among pregnant Italian women. The tool could be used for assessing nutritional knowledge in prenatal education settings and could be administered in future studies aimed at evaluating the impact of nutritional interventions among pregnant women
Heparin-azithromycin microparticles show anti-inflammatory effects and inhibit SARS-CoV-2 and bacterial pathogens associated to lung infections
No full textAmyloid aggregation in mixed whey proteins
No full textThe fundamental principles behind the complexity of protein assembly, especially in mixed protein systems and crowded environments, remain elusive. This study provides molecular, structural, and viscoelastic insights into the aggregation and gelation processes in aqueous solutions of pure and mixed β-lactoglobulin and albumin whey proteins. To better understand protein aggregation in complex systems, we used a multi-technique approach that spans from molecular to macroscopic length scales. Our results show that, under low pH and heat denaturation, β-lactoglobulin tends to form ordered amyloid-type aggregates, while bovine serum albumin forms non-amyloid aggregates. In crowded environments, all protein solutions tested develop composite gel networks with distinct molecular origins. Here the ability to control the amyloid aggregate content, which has a substantial effect on the structural and viscoelastic properties of these composite gels, has been demonstrated. Gel structure and viscosity are crucial parameters to control for the food industry, as they play a key role in determining the softness and texture of food products
How raw milk-based adjunct cultures influence microbial diversity in cheese
No full textNatural milk starters, like Italy's lattoinnesto, are rarer than natural whey starters in traditional cheese production, representing a less studied niche. This study aimed to investigate how milk adjunct cultures could enhance microbial diversity, establish a link between terroir and cheese, stabilise production variations, and influence the aroma profile and safety of semi-hard cheeses. Natural milk adjunct cultures were produced from raw and thermised milk by spontaneous fermentation and utilised to produce Vacherin Fribourgeois model cheeses in combination with a commercial starter for acidification. Cheeses produced from raw milk exhibited more diverse flavour profiles and higher concentrations of several volatile compounds than those made from thermised milk. The increased proteolysis in cheeses with enriched lattoinnesto-like adjunct cultures correlated with increased levels of flavour-related compounds and relative abundance of Lactobacillus helveticus. The findings highlight significant differences in microbial composition and flavour profiles based on milk treatment and natural milk adjunct cultures