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Essais sur l'évaluation des politiques publiques de décarbonation du parc automobile
No full textThis thesis explores the major challenges of decarbonizing the transport sector, with a focus on the French automobile market. It examines the tensions between efficiency and equity, considering not only new vehicles but the entire vehicle fleet. Structured around three articles, this work evaluates existing environmental policies and proposes recommendations to accelerate the energy transition without exacerbating social inequalities The first article identifies households vulnerable to fuel price increases and shows that precisely targeted compensation can protect these households while reducing public expenditure. The second article addresses the decarbonization of the entire vehicle fleet, demonstrating that policies combining subsidies for new and used vehicles can achieve a significant share of the collective welfare gains offered by a pollution tax. The final article examines various ways to make electric vehicles affordable. It highlights the limitations of poorly targeted subsidies and recommends more effective policies, such as support for used electric vehicles and standards for the size of new electric vehicles.Cette thèse explore les défis majeurs de la décarbonation du secteur des transports, en mettant l'accent sur le marché automobile français. Elle examine les tensions entre efficacité et équité, en s'intéressant non seulement aux véhicules neufs mais aussi à l'ensemble du parc automobile. Ce travail, structuré autour de trois articles, évalue des politiques environnementales existantes et propose des recommandations pour accélérer la transition énergétique sans exacerber les inégalités sociales. Le premier article identifie les ménages vulnérables aux hausses des prix des carburants et montre qu'un ciblage précis des compensations peut protéger ces ménages tout en réduisant les dépenses publiques. Le deuxième article s'intéresse à la décarbonation du parc automobile dans son ensemble. Il démontre que des politiques combinant subventions sur les véhicules neufs et d'occasion peuvent générer une part significative des gains de bien-être collectif qu'une taxe sur la pollution offrirait. Le dernier article s'intéresse aux différents moyen de rendre les véhicules électriques abordables. Il met en évidence les limites des subventions mal ciblées, en recommandant des politiques adaptées comme les aides pour les véhicules électriques d'occasion ou des standards sur la taille des véhicules électriques neufs
Comment appréhender la communauté historienne ? Variations méthodologiques : métier, profession, champ
No full textInternational audienc
Le music-hall parisien de l’entre-deux-guerres au prisme du vedettariat. L’exemple de Mistinguett au Casino de Paris
No full textInternational audienceThis article employs a case study of Mistinguett’s career at the Casino de Paris (1918-1937) to examine the dominant role of the star in the development, performance, reception, and memory of music-hall shows. This study aims to demonstrate how the music-hall, as a form of spectacle, is informed by stardom, understood as an economic, social, and cultural system that encompasses all the constituent areas of the nascent music industry. This is evident in the production and marketing of derivative products, the hierarchization of performers on and off stage, and the creation of made-to-measure songs.Cet article analyse la place prépondérante de la vedette dans l’élaboration, l’exécution, la réception et la mémoire des spectacles de music-hall à l’aide d’une étude de cas consacrée à la carrière de Mistinguett au Casino de Paris (1918-1937). Des chansons sur mesure à la commercialisation de produits dérivés en passant par la hiérarchisation des interprètes sur et hors scène, il s’agira de montrer comment le music-hall, en tant que forme de spectacle, est informé par le vedettariat compris comme un système économique, social et culturel couvrant l’ensemble des domaines constitutifs de l’industrie musicale naissante
Bridging governance and practice: a systematic review of artificial intelligence potential in health care
No full textInternational audienceArtificial intelligence has emerged as a game changer in health care, enabling advances in diagnostics, precision medicine, and operational efficiency. However, successful integration requires a deep knowledge of governance systems, multidisciplinary teamwork, and ethical issues. This chapter conducts a systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, synthesizing insights from 53 peer-reviewed articles across diverse healthcare contexts. The study emphasizes AI’s dual role in clinical applications for physicians and governance decisions for managers, examining its potential to optimize resource allocation, uphold quality and safety standards, and facilitate ethical oversight and stakeholder engagement. Key results highlight governance as a multidimensional concept supported by AI-driven tools that offer predictive insights, real-time decision-making capabilities, and operational adaptability. Practical insights extend beyond clinical use, emphasizing the need for robust governance frameworks that support organizational decision-making, targeted infrastructure investments, interdisciplinary training, and stakeholder-inclusive design processes
Effects of augmented feedback delivered by a mixed reality headset on gait speed control during rehabilitation in young people with cerebral palsy.
No full textEthics: The study was approved by the French Ethical Committee Sud-Est. Informed consent was obtained from all participants and their parents. Data protection was ensured according to General Data Protection Regulation (EU) 2016/679. The study has been registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier: NCT04837105)This study investigated the impact of augmented feedback on controlling walking speed during gait training in children and adolescents with cerebral palsy. This is a prevalent condition that causes significant motor impairments, often resulting in reduced gait speed. This study involved a research-based active video game using a mixed reality headset to provide visual and audio gaming elements and augmented feedback to enhance motivation during gait rehabilitation named ARRoW. Participants completed a 4-week gait training protocol using ARRoW, providing real-time feedback during walking. These augmented feedback were delivered according to specific modalities and mechanics based on preliminary research findings. The results indicate that feedback effectively impacted walking speed. It either increased children's walking speeds that were too slow or helped them to maintain them above the expected level. Individual responses to the different feedback modalities varied. This variability highlighted the need for personalized approaches in rehabilitation strategies. augmented reality rehabilitation of walking. This research contributed to the growing evidence supporting the use of innovative technologies in rehabilitation to optimize therapeutic outcomes for children and adolescents with motor impairment
Conception and usability pilot study of a new digital cognitive screening tool on tablet: AlzVR project
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the first cause of dementia worldwide without any current curative treatment. Facing an increasing prevalence and its associated costs, AD represents a public health challenge. Usual diagnostic methods still rely on extended interviews and paper tests provided by an exterior examiner. We aim to create a novel, quick cognitive-screening tool on a numerical tablet.Methods. This pilot program, built and edited with Unity ® , runs on Android ® for the Samsung Galaxy Tab S7 FE ® . Composed of seven tasks inspired by the Mini-Mental Status Examination and the Montréal Cognitive Assessment, it browses several cognitive functions. The architectural design of this tablet application is distinguished by its multifaceted capabilities, encompassing not only seamless offline functionality but also a mechanism to ensure the singularity of data amalgamated from diverse sites. Additionally, a paramount emphasis is placed on safeguarding the confidentiality of patient information in the healthcare domain. Furthermore, the application empowers individual site managers to access and peruse specific datasets, enhancing their operational efficacy and decision-making processes. We performed a preliminary usability assessment among young, healthy subjects.Results. Twenty-four participants were included with a final F-SUS ‘excellent’ score. Participants perceived the tool as simple to use and achieved the test in a mean time of 142 s. No technical errors occurred.Conclusion. These preliminary results suggest that our new assessment on a numerical tablet might be usable and acceptable for a short cognitive screening but requires further studies among older populations
Numerical investigation on a comprehensive high-order finite particle scheme
No full textInternational audienceIn the field of discretization-based meshfree/meshless methods, the improvements in the higher-order consistency, stability, and computational efficiency are of great concerns in computational science and numerical solutions to partial differential equations. Various alternative numerical methods of the finite particle method (FPM) frame have been extended from mathematical theories to numerical applications separately. As a comprehensive numerical scheme, this study suggests a unified resolved program for numerically investigating their accuracy, stability, consistency, computational efficiency, and practical applicability in industrial engineering contexts. The high-order finite particle method (HFPM) and corrected methods based on the multivariate Taylor series expansion are constructed and analyzed to investigate the whole applicability in different benchmarks of computational fluid dynamics. Specifically, four benchmarks are designed purposefully from statical exact solutions to multifaceted hydrodynamic tests, which possess different numerical performances on the particle consistency, numerical discretized forms, particle distributions, and transient time evolutional stabilities. This study offers a numerical reference for the current unified resolved program
The eroded trust of the flow society
No full textOVE Österreichischer Verband für Elektrotechnik : https://www.ove.at/digitalisierung/news-zur-digitalisierung/detail/the-eroded-trust-of-the-flow-society-a-major-ethical-challenge-in-the-hypermodern-era/Plan du billet de blog :A major ethical challenge in the hypermodern eraA renewed practice of ethics in the digital ageThe redoubtable effects of the deterritorialization of capitalismFor a new production of knowledge in the age of Artificial Intelligenc
Modeling plant phenotypic plasticity and its underlying genetic architecture: a comparative study
No full textInternational audiencePhenotypic plasticity can contribute to crop adaptation to challenging environments. Plasticity indices are potentially useful to identify the genetic basis of crop phenotypic plasticity. Numerous methods exist to measure phenotypic plasticity, but their ability to capture quantitative trait loci with environmental effects remains elusive. Here, we analysed a published multi-trial maize phenotyping dataset that examined the water stress response of leaf area, shoot biomass, and water use efficiency, calculating phenotypic plasticity for these traits using seven different plasticity indices. A comprehensive genetic analysis of phenotypic plasticity for these traits was further performed and the ability of methods to detect genetic regions capturing variance due to genotype-by-environment interaction was evaluated. Our results suggest that not all plasticity indices are amenable to identifying genomic regions associated with phenotypic plasticity. We observed that plasticity indices based on calculation of a ratio between environments or the slope of the Finlay–Wilkinson model were particularly useful in uncovering the genetic architecture underlying phenotypic plasticity when studying responses to treatments within and across trials. Ultimately, a deeper understanding of phenotypic plasticity should provide opportunities for breeding plants better able to adapt to climate uncertainty
Energy storage performance for Mg0.85Bi0.1ZrO3 doping (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.7Sr0.3TiO3 ceramics
No full textInternational audienceThe performance of pulse power capacitors for energy storage has been elevated to a higher level with the dynamic development of the electronic component industry in recent years. This work improves the energy density and power density (PD) in the (Bi0.5Na0.5)0.7Sr0.3TiO3 (BNST) by introducing Mg0.85Bi0.1ZrO3 (MBZ). The ceramic grain size was significantly reduced by the introduction of MBZ, and the breakdown electric field (Eb) of the ceramics was also enhanced. The recoverable energy storage density (Wrec) of 0.90BNST-0.10MBZ ceramics is 2.67 J/cm3 at an electric field of 208 kV/cm, at which time the polarization difference reaches 39.52 μC/cm2 with an energy storage efficiency (η) of 63.55%. Simultaneously, the 0.90BNST-0.10MBZ ceramics exhibit excellent electrical stability under test conditions ranging from 20 to 140 °C and 1 to 200 Hz. Furthermore, the 0.90BNST-0.10MBZ ceramics were found to exhibit a PD of 13.02 MW/cm3 and a discharge time of 1.368 μs at an electric field of 160 kV/cm. These characteristics indicate that ceramics with 0.90BNST-0.10MBZ have a possible application in exceptionally powerful devices