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Rapid Review of Digital Sovereignty and Open-Source Software
No full textInternational audienceThe growing reliance on proprietary digital technologies and the global dominance of large technology providers have raised concerns about national autonomy, prompting the emergence of digital sovereignty as a strategic policy objective. This concept highlights the importance of states maintaining control over digital infrastructures, data governance, and technological capabilities. Despite its relevance, the relationship between digital sovereignty and open-source software (OSS) remains insufficiently mapped. Although OSS is often cited as a means to reduce vendor dependency and enhance transparency, the literature lacks a consolidated assessment of how OSS is adopted across domains, the challenges involved, and its actual contribution to sovereignty goals. This paper addresses this gap by conducting a structured Rapid Review of scholarly publications, grey literature, and case studies from 2020 to 2025. It offers a comparative synthesis of OSS alternatives to proprietary software across critical categories, including operating systems, cloud infrastructure, productivity tools, and communication tools. The review identifies strategic opportunities for sovereignty through OSS, such as improved auditability and support for local capacity. It also outlines persistent challenges related to sustainability, legal frameworks, and geopolitical tensions. The results suggest that realizing digital sovereignty through OSS requires integrated governance, long-term investment in technical expertise, and alignment with international regulatory efforts
Les privilèges de transport (XVIIe-XVIIIe siècles), entre propriété matérielle et immatérielle
No full textInternational audienc
EC3R-SLAM: Efficient and Consistent Monocular Dense SLAM with Feed-Forward 3D Reconstruction
No full textThe application of monocular dense Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) is often hindered by high latency, large GPU memory consumption, and reliance on camera calibration. To relax this constraint, we propose EC3R-SLAM, a novel calibration-free monocular dense SLAM framework that jointly achieves high localization and mapping accuracy, low latency, and low GPU memory consumption. This enables the framework to achieve efficiency through the coupling of a tracking module, which maintains a sparse map of feature points, and a mapping module based on a feed-forward 3D reconstruction model that simultaneously estimates camera intrinsics. In addition, both local and global loop closures are incorporated to ensure mid-term and long-term data association, enforcing multi-view consistency and thereby enhancing the overall accuracy and robustness of the system. Experiments across multiple benchmarks show that EC3R-SLAM achieves competitive performance compared to state-of-the-art methods, while being faster and more memory-efficient. Moreover, it runs effectively even on resource-constrained platforms such as laptops and Jetson Orin NX, highlighting its potential for real-world robotics applications
Le réseau de la Revue et Gazette musicale et de la Neue Zeitschrift für Musik
No full textInternational audienc
Study of the interaction properties of anions towards new molecular receptors
No full textInternational audienceAnions play a crucial role in many chemical and biological processes, and understanding their reactivity is essential. The development of new tools for trapping them enables us to explore their complexation mechanisms in greater detail. In this context, a new family of molecular receptors has been synthesized in our laboratory, with the aim of selectively trapping these anions. These innovative receptors combine two types of weak interactions: hydrogen bond and π-anion interaction. This combination is likely to generate stronger, more selective bonds, paving the way for more efficient complexation processes.1Once these receptors had been synthesized, their complexation with anions was studied using different analytical techniques. NMR spectroscopy was used to study complexation in solution, making it possible to observe changes in the chemical shifts of protons involved in hydrogen bonds, and to calculate association constants. At the same time, mass spectrometry has made it possible to study isolated anion/receptor complexes in the gas phase, and has contributed to a relative comparison of the strength of interaction between different complexes. More particularly, we have determined the collision energy at 50% (CE50), that is the energy required to dissociate 50% of the complexes.2 This value reflects the strength of the interaction between the receptor and the anion Our results reveal significant variations depending on the anions and receptors studied. These two complementary approaches were enriched by theoretical calculations of the DFT type to deepen our understanding of the interactions.3The use of receptors combining two weak interactions is a novel and innovative approach. The modularity of these receptors offers a wide range of possibilities for studying and comparing anion interactions, opening promising prospects for the design of more efficient and selective anion recognition systems.1.Plais, R., Clavier, G., Salpin, J.-Y., Gaucher, A. & Prim, D. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 26, e202201281 (2023).2.Kertesz, T. M., Hall, L. H., Hill, D. W. & Grant, D. F. J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom. 20, 1759–1767 (2009).3.Zayene, O. and al. ChemPlusChem 89, e202400380 (2024)
Interaction of anticancer platinum drugs with adenine and guanine: two different stories!
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction. Carboplatin (CarboPt) and oxaliplatin (OxaliPt) are the only second- and third-generation platinum compounds used worldwide in cancer therapy. They have been designed following the significant therapeutic success of cisplatin, in order to reduce the serious side effects and acquired tumor cell resistance of this latter platinum drug. Despite numerous studies on the antineoplastic activity of CarboPt and OxaliPt, the first phase of activation of these drugs is still unclear. In this context, we performed a gas-phase study to describe in detail the binding motif inside the complexes of interest.Methods. Aqueous solutions of either Carboplatin or Oxaliplatin and 5’-dGMP or 5’-dAMP, were mixed together and stored at room temperature for 24 h, to allow the formation of the different complexes. [Pt drug+H+nucleobase]+ ions were generated in the gas phase by electrospray ionization, and their structure was probed by combining tandem mass spectrometry, InfraRed Multiple Photon Dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy and DFT calculations.Results and impact. The complexes were first studied by collision induced dissociation (CID). The fragmentations observed differ according to the nucleobase. With adenine (A), CID spectra show only one product ion (loss of intact adenine), whereas different small fragments are observed with guanine (G). Such a substantial difference in the fragmentation pattern suggest a different binding mode of the two nucleobases with both drugs. This is further confirmed by our combined IRMPD/DFT study. [1,2] Both OxaliPt and CarboPt interact directly and specifically with the N7 position of G. On the other hand, the binding scheme of both agents with adenine is sensibly different since the nucleobase do not interact with the metallic center, but rather with the oxygen atoms of the Pt drugs, through hydrogen bonding. Novelty. Our combined experimental/theoretical study provides the first detailed description of the intrinsic reactivity of these drugs towards their therapeutic targets
A constraint programming-based lexicographic-Pareto approach for balancing two-sided robotic disassembly lines with 7-axis robots
No full textInternational audienceRobotic disassembly lines play a pivotal role in remanufacturing by enabling automated operations. In two-sided disassembly scenarios involving large-scale products such as automobiles, their high load capacity significantly reduces the labor intensity of manual disassembly and eliminates the need for lifting equipment, thereby streamlining the process flow. When equipped with mobility systems, 7-axis robots can flexibly switch between multiple workstations, facilitating both rapid adaptation to process changes and precise execution of spatially heterogeneous disassembly tasks. However, despite these advantages, systematic research on the integration of mobile disassembly robots within disassembly line applications remains limited. To address this gap, this study integrates 7-axis mobile robots into two-sided disassembly lines and models the system using both mixed-integer programming and constraint programming approaches. The proposed models aim to minimize construction costs and ensure balanced workload distribution across stations. A novel constraint programming-based lexicographic-Pareto approach is developed to solve the resulting multi-objective optimization problem, this method is capable of generating verified Pareto frontiers for small-scale instances and providing high-quality approximate Pareto solution sets for large-scale problems. In the numerical experiments, a sensitivity analysis of key algorithm parameters is first conducted to achieve a balance between computational efficiency and solution quality. Subsequently, the proposed method is benchmarked against nine existing algorithms across twenty datasets to validate its effectiveness. Its practical feasibility is further demonstrated through an application to the disassembly of drum washing machines. The results show that, compared to conventional fixed-robot disassembly lines without cross-station coordination, the mobile robot configuration achieves a 10.7% reduction in total cost and a 66.7% improvement in robot workload balance, offering a promising pathway for advancing remanufacturing practices
Green project investments and corporate responsibilities: enablers, challenges, and strategies for mitigating risks
No full textFNEGE 3, ABS 1International audienceTo achieve carbon neutrality, it is crucial that private commercial and noncommercial firms also do their bit to adopt and implement green projects (GPs). Nonetheless, there is a lack of scholarly understanding regarding the elements that influence the implementation of GP by private firms, as well as the barriers to GP adoption and strategies to overcome them. This study seeks to fill the existing knowledge vacuum by examining open-ended essays to provide useful perspectives into the experiences and viewpoints of organizations that have implemented GP. The qualitative data collected were analyzed to determine four unique dimensions, including a variety of elements connected to GP implementation. (a) The study identifies four enablers that push firms to go for GP and three critical areas during the evaluation. (b) The study further identifies four major stumbling blocks of resource management, project viability, external issues, and integration challenges that affect GP and three risk management strategies to overcome these. Our study adds essential theoretical and practical perspectives to the ongoing debate about implementing GP in a comprehensive and inclusive manner
Identification of novel H2A histone variants across diverse clades of algae
No full textInternational audienceBackground: Histones are among the most conserved proteins in eukaryotes. They not only ensure DNA compaction in the nucleus but also participate in epigenetic regulation of gene expression. These key epigenetic players are divided into replication-coupled histones, expressed during the S-phase, and replication-independent variants, expressed throughout the cell cycle. Compared with other core histones, H2A proteins exhibit a high level of variability but the characterization of algal H2A variants remains very limited.Results: In this study, we exploit genome and transcriptome data from 22 species to identify H2A variants in brown seaweeds. Combined analyses of phylogenetic data, synteny and protein motifs enable us to reveal the presence of new H2A variants as well as their evolutionary history. We identify three new H2A variants: H2A.N, H2A.O and H2A.E. In brown seaweeds, the H2A.E and H2A.O variants arose from the same monophyletic clade while the H2A.N variant emerged independently. Moreover, the H2A.E variant seems to have a shared ancestry with RC H2A while the H2A.O variant has an H2A.X-characteristic signature without being orthologous to this variant. Based on mass spectrometry, we identify distinct epigenetic marks on these H2A variants. Finally, the H2A.Z, H2A.N and H2A.O from brown seaweeds are ubiquitously expressed while expression of H2A.E has tissue-specific patterns, especially in reproductive tissues.Conclusions: We thus hypothesize that H2A.O and H2A.X might have convergent functions while H2A.E might fulfil some functions of replication-coupled H2As and/or compensate for the absence of repressive histone marks along with H2A.N
La fabrique d’une sociologie dans, depuis et sur les Outre-mers à l’Association Française de Sociologie
No full textInternational audienceThis introduction to the special issue devoted to ‘sociology in, from and about the so-called overseas territories’ looks at the conditions under which this sociology is conducted in France. The first part looks at the problematic category. The second part reviews the background to the formation of the working group within the AFS executive committee. The third part reports on the results of the questionnaire sent out in 2023 to sociologists working on, from and in these territories.Cette introduction au numéro spécial consacré à la « sociologie dans, depuis et sur les territoires dits d’Outre-mer » revient sur les conditions de réalisation de cette sociologie dans les départements ultramarins. Une première partie revient sur l’usage problématique de la catégorie Outre-mer. Une deuxième retrace l’historique de la constitution du groupe de travail dédié au sein du comité exécutif de l’AFS. La troisième partie vise à rendre compte des résultats du questionnaire passé en 2023 auprès des collègues de sciences sociales travaillant sur, depuis et dans ces territoires