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Climate finance for sustainable development: substantive agendas and future directions
No full textInternational audienceThis study analyzes 440 online news articles and 62 videos using Gioia's approach to present a multi-scalar examination of the climate finance (CF) ecosystem. Analysis revealed six aggregate dimensions: funding-related gaps, strategic misalignments, re-orienting the governance ecosystem, addressing systemic issues in the funding ecosystem, scaling up existing funding sources, and unlocking newer funding sources, representing key themes of CF conversation in popular media. These dimensions comprise 16 second-order themes and 90 first-order concepts. Each dimension and its underlying codes offer a detailed exposition that reflects the complex nuances of CF shaped by the intersection of international politics, sovereign priorities, regional power dynamics, and intricate financial governance. Based on these findings, the study offers (i) inputs for strategic policy and regulatory decision-making at both transnational and national levels, and (ii) actionable recommendations on how different stakeholders can mobilize investments to foster a resilient response to climate change while promoting sustainable development
Faites vos jeux! Catalogue de l’exposition “La vie musicale dans les casinos français du 19e siècle à nos jours”
No full textInternational audienceDans un casino, on joue… mais pas seulement de l’argent. Depuis leur développement (à la fin de la première moitié du 19e siècle) jusqu’à nos jours, les établissements de jeux français ont toujours misé sur la musique.Mais pourquoi au juste lui accordent-ils une place si importante ? Dans quels espaces la joue-t-on ? Quels répertoires présente-t-on à la clientèle ? Et qui sont les musiciens et musiciennes qui s’y produisent ?En réunissant pour la première fois une série de documents imprimés, audio et audio-visuels issus de l’ensemble des casinos français, Faites vos jeux ! répond à ces questions récemment abordées dans un ouvrage du même nom coordonné par Martin Guerpin et Étienne Jardin (Faites vos jeux ! La vie musicale dans les casinos français, XIXe-XXe siècle, Actes Sud/Palazetto Bru Zane, 2024).Cette exposition répond à un triple défi : comparer les programmations musicales proposées par les casinos ; mettre en évidence l’impressionnante diversité des musiques qui y furent jouées (de la musique classique à la musique électro en passant par le jazz) ; et expliquer l’évolution de la « bande-son » des casinos de 1850 à nos jours.Autant de réalités parfois oubliées, que cette exposition nous rappelle en images… et en musique
RNA3DClust: unsupervised segmentation of RNA 3D structures using density-based clustering
No full textA growing body of evidence shows that the biological activity of RNA molecules is not only due to their primary and secondary structures, but also to their spatial conformation. As the experimental determination of the three-dimensional (3D) structure is a costly and uncertain process, the development of computational methods for predicting RNA fold is a necessity. A critical task for such prediction of the 3D structure consists of finding substructures that can be predicted independently, before being assembled into a global fold. In protein structures, these subparts are the “structural domains” and, to the best of our knowledge, no equivalent concept has been defined for RNA macromolecules. In this work, we present RNA3DClust, an adaptation of the Mean Shift clustering algorithm to the RNA 3D structure partitioning problem. This approach allowed us to delimit compact and separate regions in RNA conformations, analogously to the seminal definition of domains in proteins. Benchmarking RNA3DClust required us to create a reference dataset of RNA 3D domain annotations and to devise a new scoring function for assessing the segmentation quality. Importantly, we show that the domain decompositions produced by RNA3DClust may be consistent with those based on RNA biological function and evolution. Finally, the emerging interest in long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and their likeliness of containing folded regions has motivated us to generate an additional reference dataset of lncRNA predicted conformations. The resulting delineations of 3D domains by RNA3DClust illustrate the potential of our method for analyzing lncRNA structures. Source code and datasets are freely available for download on the EvryRNA platform at: https://evryrna.ibisc.univ-evry.fr
H Control for Fractional-Order Systems
No full textInternational audienceFractional-order systems have attracted extensive attention during the past few years. Furthermore, as a result of the great efforts invested by the researchers, many valuable results are derived about stability and controller synthesis of FOS. Nowadays, as the hot topics of researcher field in control theory, stability and norm performance for this class of systems have been extensively studied [, , –]
Vision-Based Technique to Estimate the Roll Angle of Powered Two-Wheeled Vehicles
No full textInternational audienceThis paper presents an innovative vision-based method for estimating the roll angle of Powered Two-Wheeled Vehicles with respect to the road surface. This method uses a single camera attached to the vehicle as an input. The algorithm is based on a novel technique that exploits perspective distortion and Inverse Perspective Mapping to calculate the sub-pixel distance difference between the edge and center lane markers and estimates the camera roll angle. The vehicle roll angle is then obtained in the Euler convention. This method is tested on various scenarios with different speeds and road shapes using BikeSim simulator. The results are promising, showing a low estimation error. Moreover, its main advantage is that the estimation is not cumulative, thus avoiding drift errors over time
Graph Topology and Time Delay Relations in Linear Second-Order Consensus Laws
No full textInternational audienceIn this paper, we present an analytical study on the relationship between graph topology and time delay in a family of linear second-order consensus laws. Specifically, after determining the maximum delay the system can tolerate as a function of its parameters for both directed and undirected graphs, we provide insights into the interplay between these parameters and practical guidelines for selecting appropriate gains and communication topology. Additionally, we propose several techniques to enhance system performance by adjusting weights and edges, depending on the permissible modifications within the communication graph. These adjustments aim to improve system convergence in terms of settling time, control input energy, and maximum tolerable delay. Finally, simulation results are presented to illustrate the findings of our study
Transcriptomics highlights dose-dependent response of poplar to a phenanthrene contamination
No full textInternational audiencePolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) contamination in industrial soils poses significant environmental challenges, necessitating cost-effective bioremediation approaches like tree-based phytoremediation. However, the defence mechanisms and adaptability of trees to PAH exposure remain poorly understood, while the identification of molecular markers could help in the detection of toxicity symptoms. This study explores the molecular response of Populus canadensis to a phenanthrene (PHE) contamination gradient (from 100 to 2000 mg kg−1) using RNA-seq analysis of roots and leaves after 4 weeks of exposure. Both differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and DRomics, a dose–response tool, identified transcriptomic changes, with about 50% of deregulated genes responding significantly at a benchmark dose (i.e. minimal dose that produces a significant effect) below 400 mg PHE kg−1. The highest number of DEGs was found both at a low concentration (200 and 700 mg kg−1) and at the highest concentrations (1500–2000 mg kg−1) for both roots and leaves. Ethylene signalling genes were activated via ABA-independent pathways at low concentrations and ABA-dependent pathways at high concentrations. Across the gradient, responses to oxidative stress were triggered, including reactive oxygen species scavenging and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, specifically at 1500–2000 mg kg−1. Additionally, PHE disrupted pathways related to plant responses to biotic stress. These findings revealed unexpected dose-dependent transcriptomic shifts, demonstrating poplar’s adaptive defence mechanisms against PHE toxicity
A pure dual approach for hedging Bermudan options
No full textInternational audienceThis paper develops a new dual approach to compute the hedging portfolio of a Bermudan option and its initial value. It gives a "purely dual" algorithm following the spirit of Rogers (2010) in the sense that it only relies on the dual pricing formula. The key is to rewrite the dual formula as an excess reward representation and to combine it with a strict convexification technique. The hedging strategy is then obtained by using a Monte Carlo method, solving backward a sequence of least square problems. We show convergence results for our algorithm and test it on many different Bermudan options. Beyond giving directly the hedging portfolio, the strength of the algorithm is to assess both the relevance of including financial instruments in the hedging portfolio and the effect of the rebalancing frequency
A generalized tracking wall approach to the haptic simulation of tip forces during needle insertion
No full textInternational audienceHaptic simulation of needle insertion requires both a needle-tissue interaction model and a method to render the outputs of this model into real-time force feedback for the user. In comparison with interaction models, rendering methods in the literature have seen little development and are either over-simplified or too computationally complex. Therefore, this study introduces the Generalized Tracking Wall (GTW) approach, a haptic rendering method inspired by the proxy approach. It aims to accurately simulate the interaction between a needle tip and soft tissues without the complex calculations of tissue deformations. The essence of the proposed method is that it associates an algorithm based on the energetic analysis of cutting with a contact model capable of simulating viscoelasticity and nonlinearity. This association proved to be a potent tool to faithfully replicate the different phases of needle insertion while adhering to underlying physics. Multi-layered-tissue insertions are also considered. The performance and generecity of the GTW are first evaluated through simulations. Then, the GTW is experimentally compared to empirical methods inspired by the literature
