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Made in Europe. Local Content Policy for the European Automotive Industry
No full textInternational audienceA letter addressed ahead of the Strategic Dialogue on the Future of the European Automotive Industry by a consortium of French and Italian equipment manufacturers and their professional associations has demanded the introduction of local content requirements and incentives to fulfil this regulatory void and preserve the resilience of the European automotive supply chain against unfair Chinese competition.The Industrial Action Plan for the European automotive sector announced on the 5 th of March highlights the need to strengthen the "trade defence" toolbox and "to investigate unfair practices further up the supply chain, including in the batteries and parts segment when necessary" 5 . However, there are no references to local content requirements or incentives, at least for the auto parts' sector.Against this background, the present reports focuses on two questions:-Why is it necessary to implement now a comprehensive local content policy (LCP) for the automotive sector? -What type of policy mix should Europe implement to introduce rapidly and efficiently local content requirements for automotive production? Kratz, Piper, and Bouchaud, 'China and the Future of Global Supply Chains'.</p
Les relations interprofessionnelles entre médecins, psychologues et infirmières autour de l’hypnose clinique en France : entre collaborations et tensions
No full textNational audienc
Accounting education: towards the institutionalisation of sustainability in professional accounting curricula in France
No full textInternational audienceTrack 2a, Chair Paolo Di Toma from Day 1 II Session (14:00 - 15:00
Insights into the genomic and phenotypic diversity of Monosporozyma unispora strains isolated from anthropic environments
No full textInternational audienceFood microorganisms have been employed for centuries for the processing of fermented foods, leading to adapted populations with phenotypic traits of interest. The yeast Monosporozyma unispora (formerly Kazachstania unispora) has been identified in a wide range of fermented foods and beverages. Here, we studied the genetic and phenotypic diversity of a collection of 53 strains primarily derived from cheese, kefir, and sourdough. The 12.7-Mb genome of the type strain CLIB 234T was sequenced and assembled into near-complete chromosomes and annotated at the structural and functional levels, with 5639 coding sequences predicted. Comparison of the pangenome and core genome revealed minimal differences. From the complete yeast collection, we gathered genetic data (diversity, phylogeny, and population structure) and phenotypic data (growth capacity on solid media). Population genomic analyses revealed a low level of nucleotide diversity and strong population structure, with the presence of two major clades corresponding to ecological origins (cheese and kefir vs. plant derivatives). A high prevalence of extensive loss of heterozygosity and a slow linkage disequilibrium decay suggested a predominantly clonal mode of reproduction. Phenotypic analyses revealed growth variation under stress conditions, including high salinity and low pH, but no definitive link between phenotypic traits and environmental adaptation was established
Optimisation d'un réseau de capteurs par les techniques d'apprentissage automatique pour l'identification de sources polluantes
No full textThis thesis addresses the optimization of sensor networks through machine learning for the rapid and reliable localization of atmospheric pollution sources. It combines dispersion models and source identification methods within a unified framework. The objective is to design compact, efficient, and operationally exploitable networks capable of accurately estimating the position and emission rate of an accidental release source.An extensive state of the art was first established, distinguishing two main families of approaches: clustering problems, which aim to reduce redundancy and select representative sensors, and combinatorial optimization problems, which require the definition and minimization of an objective function. Three databases were constructed as testbeds: a fully synthetic dataset for methodological comparison, a semi-synthetic dataset derived from the Indianapolis field campaign, and an extended dataset built from eight years of hourly meteorological records (2016-2023).This work presents three main contributions. First, a comparative study is conducted between different classification approaches applied to the optimization of the sensor network. Second, a new similarity measure is introduced; it is learned through a neural network and enhances both spatial coverage and estimation accuracy. Third, a multiple-learning strategy is proposed to combine several specialized models and improve the robustness of the optimization. Finally, a predictive approach is developed to directly determine the optimal sensor network configuration.These results demonstrate that machine learning, whether integrated into classification frameworks or used directly to determine an optimal configuration, enables the design of more compact, robust, and operational sensor networks. Future directions include the integration of physical constraints, adaptation to real-world data, uncertainty quantification, and extension to urban and dynamic contexts.Cette thèse porte sur l'optimisation de réseaux de capteurs par apprentissage automatique pour la localisation rapide et fiable de sources de pollution atmosphérique. Elle combine modèles de dispersion et méthodes d'identification de sources dans un cadre unifié. L'objectif est de concevoir des réseaux compacts, performants et exploitables en contexte opérationnel, capables d'estimer précisément la position et le débit d'une source de rejet accidentel.Un état de l'art approfondi a d'abord été établi, distinguant deux grandes familles d'approches : le problème de clustering, visant à réduire la redondance et à sélectionner des capteurs représentatifs, et le problème d'optimisation combinatoire, nécessitant la définition et la minimisation d'une fonction coût. Trois bases de données ont été construites pour servir de bancs d'essai : une base entièrement synthétique pour la comparaison méthodologique, une base semi-synthétique dérivée de la campagne d'Indianapolis, et une base étendue issue de huit années de mesures horaires (2016-2023).Dans ce travail, trois contributions principales sont présentées. Tout d'abord, une étude comparative est menée entre différentes approches de classification appliquées à l'optimisation du réseau de capteurs. Ensuite, une nouvelle mesure de similarité est introduite ; elle est apprise à l'aide d'un réseau de neurones et permet d'améliorer à la fois la couverture spatiale et la précision de l'estimation. Par la suite, une méthode d'apprentissage multiple est proposée afin de combiner plusieurs modèles spécialisés et d'accroître la robustesse de l'optimisation. Enfin, une approche de prédiction est développée, permettant de déterminer directement la configuration optimale du réseau de capteurs.Ces travaux montrent que l'apprentissage automatique, qu'il soit intégré à des cadres de classification ou utilisé directement pour déterminer une configuration optimale, permet de concevoir des réseaux de capteurs plus compacts, robustes et opérationnels. Les perspectives portent sur l'intégration de contraintes physiques, l'adaptation aux données réelles, la quantification de l'incertitude ainsi que l'extension à des contextes urbains et dynamiques
A model-free Screening procedure
No full textIn this article, we propose a generic screening method for selecting explanatory variables correlated with the response variable Y . We make no assumptions about the existence of a model that could link Y with a subset of explanatory variables, nor about the distribution of the variables. Our procedure can therefore be described as "model-free" and can be applied in a wide range of situations. In order to obtain precise theoretical guarantees (Sure Screening Property and control of the False Positive Rate), we establish a Berry-Esseen type inequality for the studentized statistic of the slope estimator. We illustrate our selection procedure using two simulated examples and a real data set
Visual Constraints Impact on Steering in VR Driving Simulation
No full textInternational audienceHuman vision guides lane keeping and hazard anticipation during driving. However, isolating how visual field constraints affect steering is difficult in real driving. This study used immersive VR with a depth-aligned aperture to restrict vision while participants drove curved roads under several conditions. Results revealed that misaligned restrictions impaired steering, while tangent point alignment partly improved performance. Results highlight how VR can probe visual–motor mechanisms in driving
Congenital Titinopathy: Comprehensive Characterization of the Most Severe End of the Disease Spectrum
No full textInternational audienceCongenital titinopathy has recently emerged as one of the most common congenital muscle disorders. Objective To better understand the presentation and clinical needs of the under‐characterized extreme end of the congenital titinopathy severity spectrum. Methods We comprehensively analyzed the clinical, imaging, pathology, autopsy, and genetic findings in 15 severely affected individuals from 11 families. Results Prenatal features included hypokinesia or akinesia and growth restriction. Six pregnancies were terminated. Nine infants were born at or near term with severe‐to‐profound weakness and required resuscitation. Seven died following withdrawal of life support. Two surviving children require ongoing respiratory support. Most cohort members had at least 1 disease‐causing variant predicted to result in some near‐normal‐length titin expression. The exceptions, from 2 unrelated families, had homozygous truncating variants predicted to induce complete nonsense mediated decay. However, subsequent analyses suggested that the causative variant in each family had an additional previously unrecognized impact on splicing likely to result in some near‐normal‐length titin expression. This impact was confirmed by minigene assay for 1 variant. Interpretation This study confirms the clinical variability of congenital titinopathy. Severely affected individuals succumb prenatally/during infancy, whereas others survive into adulthood. It is likely that this variability is because of differences in the amount and/or length of expressed titin. If confirmed, analysis of titin expression could facilitate clinical prediction and increasing expression might be an effective treatment strategy. Our findings also further‐support the hypothesis that some near‐normal‐length titin expression is essential to early prenatal survival. Sometimes expression of normal/near‐normal‐length titin is due to disease‐causing variants having an additional impact on splicing. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:611–62
Effect of two training modalities on sprint performance in young American football players
No full textInternational audienceBackground Time to perform 40-yard dash (40-yd) is a performance criterion in American football. Sprinting ability is strongly correlated with maximal values of horizontal power (PH max ), Force (FH 0 ) and Velocity (VH 0 ). While numerous methods for developing sprint speed exist, few studies have focused on the effects of periodizations on the sprinting mechanical variables in young talented American football players. Objective this study aimed to compare the effects of block (BP) and undulating (UP) training periodization modalities on 40-yard dash performance. Method 27 players from the Young French League of American football (17.1 ± 0.9 y, 179.9 ± 5.5 cm, 81.1 ± 14.9 kg) were randomly assigned in either the BP ( n = 15) or UP ( n = 12) group. Anthropometric characteristics, 40-yd performance, maximal velocity (V max ), PH max , FH 0 and VH 0 were assessed before and after 10-wk intervention period. Results Training resulted in the 40-yd performance increase of 3.72% ( p < 0.001) and significant changes in V max (+ = 6.13 ± 5.62%, p < 0.001) and VH 0 values (+2.68 ± 4.14%, p = 0.004). BP intervention leaded higher improvements in time to perform 40-yd (4.45 ± 2.06 vs. 3.02 ± 1.93%, p < 0.001) and V max (7.30 ± 6.63% vs. 4.54 ± 4.10%, p = 0.002,) compared to UP. No periodization effect was found in changes of VH 0 (BP: 3.42 ± 4.31% vs. UP: 1.48 ± 3.88, p = 0.214). Conclusion Our results showed that BP and UP were effective to increase sprint performance. Despite a similar training load, the block periodization of training had better effects on 40-yd performance compared to undulating training periodization in this population of talented young American football players
L'obligation d'information du banquier : essai d'une théorie générale
No full textThe banker's obligation to provide information is struggling to find a coherent legal framework. The main objective of this study is to propose an attempt at a general theory of the banker's obligation to provide information by addressing the issues that dominate this concept, in particular questions about its content, nature, and regime. Indeed, the study of the concept of information obligation allows us to understand its content and nature, which are marked by a pluralist trend that tends towards the multiplication of information due diligences by the banker and therefore towards the multiplication of information obligations by the banker. The content of the banker's information obligation ranges from documentary information to advice, including warnings and clarifications, depending on the type of transaction envisaged and the status of the beneficiary.Furthermore, the nature of the banker's information requirement reflects, on the one hand, a confusion between the notions of duty and obligation in positive law, whereas a distinction exists between the two notions leading in principle to the regime of contractual liability for an obligation and to the regime of non-contractual liability for a duty. On the other hand, an imprecision can be noted concerning the non-contractual or contractual nature of the information obligation. Also, the plurality of contents and natures of the banker's information obligation raises questions about the coherence of the concept.However, this plurality reflects the desire to protect the customers of banker with regard to the decision-making function attached to the banker's information obligation, which serves above all to compel the banker to provide information to beneficiaries, customers or guarantors, so that they can decide in their best interests. The search for consistency in positive law is also expected in relation to the regime of the banker's obligation to provide information.The controversy pending here concerns the application of contractual liability to the failure to perform the banker's obligation to provide information even when this occurred before the signing of the contract. This state of positive law is the central issue which underlies the reasoning advocating the contractual nature of the banker's obligation to provide information. All these considerations tend to demonstrate that the banker's obligation to provide information is truly a functional concept since the understanding of the physiognomy of the obligation to provide information is found in the will of positive law, in particular through the action of the judge, which tends to provide a solution to the concrete difficulties encountered by creditors of the obligation to provide information.L'obligation d'information du banquier peine à trouver un cadre juridique cohérent. L'objectif principal de cette étude est de proposer l'essai d'une théorie générale de l'obligation d'information du banquier en abordant les questions qui dominent cette notion notamment les interrogations sur son contenu, sa nature et son régime. En effet, l'étude de la notion d'obligation d'information permet d'appréhender son contenu et sa nature marqués par un courant pluraliste qui tend à la multiplication des diligences d'information du banquier et donc à la multiplication des obligations d'information du banquier. Le contenu de l'obligation d'information du banquier va de l'information documentaire au conseil en passant par la mise en garde et l'éclairage selon le type d'opération envisagée et la qualité du bénéficiaire.Par ailleurs, la nature de l'exigence d'information du banquier traduit d'une part, une confusion entre les notions de devoir et d'obligation en droit positif alors qu'une distinction existe entre les deux notions conduisant en principe au régime de responsabilité contractuelle pour une obligation et au régime de responsabilité extracontractuelle pour un devoir. D'autre part, une imprécision peut être relevée concernant la nature extracontractuelle ou contractuelle de l'obligation d'information. Aussi, la pluralité de contenus et de natures de l'obligation d'information du banquier emporte des interrogations sur la cohérence de la notion.Cependant, cette pluralité témoigne de la volonté affichée de protection de la clientèle du banquier au regard de la fonction décisionnelle attachée à l'obligation d'information du banquier qui sert avant tout à contraindre le banquier à apporter des informations aux bénéficiaires, clients ou cautions, afin qu'ils puissent décider au mieux pour leurs intérêts. La recherche d'une cohérence du droit positif est également attendue par rapport au régime de l'obligation d'information du banquier.La controverse pendante ici tient à l'application de la responsabilité contractuelle à l'inexécution de l'obligation d'information du banquier même lorsque celle-ci est intervenue avant la signature du contrat. Cet état du droit positif est l'enjeux central qui fonde le raisonnement prônant la nature contractuelle de l'obligation d'information du banquier. Toutes ces considérations tendent à démontrer que l'obligation d'information du banquier est véritablement une notion fonctionnelle puisque la compréhension de la physionomie de l'obligation d'information se trouve dans la volonté du droit positif, notamment par l'action du juge, qui tend à apporter une solution aux difficultés concrètes rencontrées par les créanciers de l'obligation d'information