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La police des femmes de lettres à Paris au milieu du XVIIIe siècle
No full textInternational audienceSéminaire inscrit dans l'édition 2024-2025 "France, Europe, empires, XVIe – début XIXe siècle" du cycle de conférences "Institutions et régulation des économies et des sociétés" de l'IDHE
Nanopore sensing of protein and peptide conformation for point-of-care applications
No full textInternational audienceThe global population’s aging and growth will likely result in an increase in chronic aging-related diseases. Early diagnosis could improve the medical care and quality of life. Many diseases are linked to misfolding or conformational changes in biomarker peptides and proteins, which affect their function and binding properties. Current clinical methods struggle to detect and quantify these changes. Therefore, there is a need for sensitive conformational sensors that can detect low-concentration analytes in biofluids. Nanopore electrical detection has shown potential in sensing subtle protein and peptide conformation changes. This technique can detect single molecules label-free while distinguishing shape or physicochemical property changes. Its proven sensitivity makes nanopore sensing technology promising for ultra-sensitive, personalized point-of-care devices. We focus on the capability of nanopore sensing for detecting and quantifying conformational modifications and enantiomers in biomarker proteins and peptides and discuss this technology as a solution to future societal health challenges
A multi-scale computational approach to evaluate the overall anisotropic elastic moduli of natural enamels accounting for the actual nano-HAP crystallite effect
No full textInternational audienceIn this study, a multi-scale computational methodology was developed to directly incorporate the HAP orientation and architecture effects into the overall elastic moduli of natural enamels. Precisely, the strong, weak and discretized governing formulations of the enamel representative unit cell were first constructed, and a numerical approach was then presented to compute the relevant moduli. Further, a top-down modeling scheme was proposed to evaluate the stiffness of each element accurately using the meshing scheme established previously. The computational methodology was validated with the predictions in the open literatures, and discussions were made on the HAP organization and material proportion effects
Life-cycle-related gene expression patterns in the brown algae
No full textBrown algae are important primary constituents of marine coastal ecosystems, characterised by complex life cycles and various levels of complex multicellular development. However, the molecular processes that underlie development and life cycle progression in the brown algae remain poorly understood. In this study, pairwise comparisons of gametophyte and sporophyte transcriptomes across ten diverse brown algal species showed that the total number of genes exhibiting generation-biased or generation-specific expression in each species was correlated with the degree of dimorphism between life cycle generations. However, analysis of gene ontology terms assigned to the generation-biased/generation-specific genes indicated that each generation (i.e. the sporophyte and the gametophyte) also has characteristic broad life-cycle-related features that have been conserved during evolution. A more detailed analysis of Ectocarpus species 7, identified progressive transcriptome changes over its entire life cycle with a particularly marked change in transcriptome composition during the first day of sporophyte development, characterised by downregulation of flagellar and transcription factor genes and upregulation of a subset of translation genes. Comparison with a similar transcriptomic time series for the evolutionarily-distant (about 250 My) brown alga Dictyota dichotoma indicated considerable conservation of co-expressed gene modules between the two species, particularly for modules that were enriched in genes assigned to evolutionarily-conserved functional categories. This study therefore identified broad life-cycle- and development-related patterns of gene expression that are conserved across the brown algae
Les formations d’ingénieurs par apprentissage : du contre-modèle au contre-modèle (années 1990 à aujourd'hui)
No full textInternational audiencePremière communication de la session "Études de cas", présidée par Philippe Dole (AFDET
Deezer rentable pour la première fois : quel est son modèle économique ?
No full textInternational audienceLongtemps, Deezer, la plateforme française de streaming musical, a cherché son modèle économique. Elle pourrait l’avoir trouvé. Retour sur vingt ans d’histoire musicale. Où il se confirme que, pour espérer réussir dans le numérique, il faut savoir se remettre en question régulièrement
Design and implementation of aerobic and ambient CO2-reduction as an entry-point for enhanced carbon fixation
No full textConflit d'intérêt : Arren Bar-Even et Tobias J. Erb sont aussi les auteurs du brevet US10781456B2 (photorespiration bypasses)International audienceThe direct reduction of CO 2 into one-carbon molecules is key to highly efficient biological CO 2 -fixation. However, this strategy is currently restricted to anaerobic organisms and low redox potentials. In this study, we introduce the CORE cycle, a synthetic metabolic pathway that converts CO 2 to formate at aerobic conditions and ambient CO 2 levels, using only NADPH as a reductant. Combining theoretical pathway design and analysis, enzyme bioprospecting and high-throughput screening, modular assembly and adaptive laboratory evolution, we realize the CORE cycle in vivo and demonstrate that the cycle supports growth of E. coli by supplementing C1-metabolism and serine biosynthesis from CO 2 . We further analyze the theoretical potential of the CORE cycle as a new entry-point for carbon in photorespiration and autotrophy. Overall, our work expands the solution space for biological carbon reduction, offering a promising approach to enhance CO 2 fixation processes such as photosynthesis, and opening avenues for synthetic autotrophy
Identifier les dégradateurs de plastique marin par marquage isotopique de l'ADN
No full textInternational audiencePlastic biodegradation in natural environments is performed by the microbial biofilm living on its surface. This study identifies for the first time plastic degraders in marine environment, by using stable isotope tracers. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) biodegradation was proved by monitoring microbial cell growth (via scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry) and activities (via continuous oxygen consumption measurements and 3 H-leucine incorporation for protein synthesis) during 90 days. We successfully synthetized 13 C-labeled PHB and conducted DNA-stable isotope probing (DNA-SIP) experiments over different time points, which permitted the first description of key PHB degraders belonging to Marinobacter sp. and Cellvibrionaceae together with Glaciecola sp., Pseudoalteromonas sp., Celeribacter sp. and Alteromonas sp. Overall, SIP labeling combined with metabarcoding proved to be a useful tool for discovering and characterizing active plastic degraders from complex marine communities
Tale of mitochondria and mitochondria-associated ER membrane in patient-derived neuronal models of Wolfram syndrome
No full textInternational audienceNo abstract availabl
Prescribed-Time Fuzzy Adaptive Control for Robotic Manipulators With Dead Zone Input
No full textInternational audienceTo remove the influence of system initial values and controller parameters on the settling-time function of finite/fixed-time control, a prescribed-time fuzzy adaptive control is designed for n-link robotic manipulators in this work. The proposed setting-time function only relies on the parameters of the prescribed-time function and is no longer determined by the initial system value and controller parameters. By setting the convergence range of tracking error, the chattering of tracking error is reduced. Moreover, the dead zone input issue is addressed by using the dead-zone slope and boundary value theory. Based on the above methods, the designed prescribed-time fuzzy adaptive controller can ensure that all system signals are bounded, and the tracking error can converge to a preset interval within a prescribed time. Finally, experiments of a two-link robotic manipulator are conducted to verify the superiority of the developed control approach