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LUMINIDEPENDENS orchestrates global transcriptional repression in Arabidopsis
No full textInternational audienceGenomic integrity is constantly challenged by transcription/replication conflicts, a major source of replication stress and instability across all life forms. While extensive studies have elucidated mechanisms for resolving transcription/replication conflicts in animals, yeast, and prokaryotes, their counterparts in plants remain largely unexplored. Through a forward genetic screen, we identified LUMINIDEPENDENS (LD), previously known for its role in regulating the flowering repressor FLC , as a key factor in mitigating replication stress in plants. Notably, transcriptomic analyses reveal that LD loss results in the upregulation of over half of the Arabidopsis genes, placing LD as a global transcriptional repressor. Consistent with this role, LD directly binds a substantial portion of the Arabidopsis genome and interacts with the MED18 subunit of the Mediator complex to modulate RNA polymerase II phosphorylation. These findings uncover a fundamental function of LD in fine-tuning transcription at a genome-wide scale, with potentially an additional role in suppressing transcription–replication conflicts by locally dampening transcription and promoting replication fork progression. Our work highlights an intriguing genome-protective strategy in plants, that could shed light on mechanisms involved in transcription–replication conflict management in eukaryotic systems
Review: Limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) existing registries and natural history studies: Where do we stand?
No full textInternational audienceIntroduction: Limb-Girdle Muscular Dystrophies (LGMDs) are heterogeneous inherited disorders with no cure, including 29 recessive (LGMDR) and 5 dominant forms (LGMDD), characterized by proximal muscle weakness. Finding a cure for LGMD is difficult due to the their slow evolution for which comprehensive data collection through registries, network, and natural history studies is pivotal. Methods: We conducted a review following PRISMA guidelines searching in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for articles published between 2000–2025, focusing on LGMD registries, networks, and natural history studies. We included observational studies, cohort designs, and registry-based studies. Results: Among 443 records, 38 studies were included, 10 registries, 4 networks, and 17 natural history studies respectively. Registries varied in scope, with many focused on specific LGMD subtypes. Natural history studies were predominantly subtype-specific, poorly linked to registries. Only 12 studies were connected to registries or networks, and most performed in Europe and North America. Discussion: Registries, networks, and natural history studies showed considerable design variability, leading to challenges with data interoperability and underscoring the need for standardization. Despite regional coverage, low-income countries are underrepresented in the data. The limited linkage between natural history studies and registries presents a missed opportunity to leverage well-characterized cohorts. Many registries and networks remain unpublished, limiting available data for global research. Conclusion: Registries are crucial, benefiting patients, clinicians, researchers, and industries. The scarcity of natural history studies hinders the development of centralized datasets. Standardizing registry design, improving data interoperability, and enhancing patient diversity are critical to boost LGMD research
Une France sans ouvriers ?: L'épreuve de la désindustrialisation (XXe-XXIe siècles)
No full textInternational audienceTable ronde proposée par les Jeunes chercheurs de l'Association française de l'histoire des mondes du travail (AFHMT) La désindustrialisation a déstabilisé les sociétés occidentales et en premier lieu les mondes ouvriers. Le phénomène, défini par ses historiens pionniers comme « socialement compliqué, historiquement profond, géographiquement divers et politiquement embarrassant », est un fait majeur de notre histoire du temps présent. Récemment, un champ d’étude s’est affirmé en France, dans la continuité des deindustrial studies aux États-Unis et au Royaume-Uni sur les conséquences de la fin des usines dans les communautés industrielles. Cette table-ronde, qui réunit des chercheuses et chercheuses portant cette histoire en cours, et membres de l’Association française de l’histoire des mondes du travail (AFHMT), entend questionner les mutations affectant la société française face à la fin des usines. Le prisme des ouvriers et des ouvrières s’impose pour entrevoir ces bouleversements : à travers leur chute, c’est tout un monde qui est englouti, laissant place à de nouvelles fractures sociales, de nouveaux clivages politiques et un nouveau regard posé sur cette France industrielle dont la fin est sans cesse proclamée, voire célébrée par certains comme la fin d’un groupe ouvrier perçu comme archaïque et privilégié
Strong propagation of chaos for systems of interacting particles with nearly stable jumps
No full textInternational audienc
Les bureaux de poste dans l'Algérie coloniale
No full textCatalogue numérique hébergé par le laboratoire In Visu. Base de données iconographique qui rassemble plus de 500 cartes postales éditées entre les années 1890 et 1970, qui représentent des bureaux de poste construits en Algérie durant la période coloniale (1830-1962).La base de données iconographique rassemble plus de 500 cartes postales éditées entre les années 1890 et 1970, qui représentent des bureaux de poste construits en Algérie durant la période coloniale (1830-1962). Elle a servi de base à une recherche croisant histoire de l’architecture et histoire de l’Algérie coloniale, conduite par Annick Lacroix (historienne, maîtresse de conférences à l’Université Paris-Nanterre) et Claudine Piaton (AUEC, membre du laboratoire InVisu, UAR 3103 CNRS-INHA) et publiée sous le titre « Architecture publique ordinaire et échelles de la ségrégation coloniale ; Des bureaux de poste en Algérie (années 1880-1962) » (à paraître dans l'Année du Maghreb en 2025)
The tiny germline chromosomes of Paramecium aurelia have an exceptionally high recombination rate and are capped by a new class of Helitrons
No full textInternational audienceBackground. Paramecia belong to the ciliate phylum of unicellular eukaryotes characterized by nuclear dimorphism. A diploid germline micronucleus (MIC) transmits genetic information across sexual generations. A polyploid transcriptionally active somatic macronucleus (MAC) develops at each sexual generation from a copy of the MIC through programmed DNA elimination (PDE) of > 30% of germline DNA. PDE requires the domesticated PiggyMac (Pgm) transposase. Assembly of Paramecium germline genomes has presented an enormous challenge owing to the difficulty of MIC isolation. Results. We report chromosome-scale short-read MIC assemblies for 7 species from the P. aurelia species complex. We discovered a novel clade of Helitrons, with 9-10 kb transposase ORFs under purifying selection, that have remained active in all P. aurelia lineages. A long-read assembly for P. tetraurelia together with a genetic linkage map provided a nearly telomere-to-telomere assembly. Conclusions. The genome consists of tiny (300 kb to 1.2 Mb) and numerous (~160) germline chromosomes with the highest recombination rate ever reported for a eukaryote (420 cM/Mb). The ends of the chromosomes consist of Helitrons inserted in telomeric C4A2 repeats, forming a distinct genomic compartment that is eliminated very early during MAC development in a Pgm-independent manner
Sustainability insights from Late Pleistocene climate change and horse migration patterns
No full textInternational audienceClimate affects habitat, food availability, and the movement and sustainability of all life. In this work, we apply Indigenous and Western scientific methods, including genomics and isotope profiling, on fossils from across Beringia to explore the effect of climate change on horses. We find that Late Pleistocene horses from Alaska and northern Yukon are related to populations from Eurasia and crossed the Bering land bridge multiple times during the last glacial interval. We also find deeply divergent lineages north and south of the American ice sheets that genetically influenced populations across Beringia and into Eurasia. As climate warmed and horses entered the ice-free corridor connecting Beringia and midcontinental America, restricted mobility and food availability impeded population growth. Our combined Western and Indigenous framework offers critical guidance for wildlife conservation amid ongoing climate change
Cardiovascular, Hemodynamic, and Anthropometric Adaptations Induced by Walking Training at FATmax in Obese Males and Females over 45 Years Old
No full textConflicts of interest: Jean-Pierre Koralsztein was employed by the company Billatrainingbr/>Ethics: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Sud-Est V, Grenoble, France (protocol code 2018-A01496-49 and date of 18 December 2018)International audienceThe present study aimed to examine the effects of 6 months of unsupervised training, walking at maximal fat oxidation (FATmax), on body composition and cardiovascular function at rest and exercise, in middle aged obese subjects. Methods and results: A single group with pre-test/post-test study design was conducted. Eighteen obese subjects (11 males and 7 females) over 45 were engaged in a non-supervised walking training for 6 months, 40 min, 3 times per week, at the targeted HR corresponding to FATmax (5.5 ± 0.6 km·h−1). This training modality led to a reduction in obesity-related indicators among participants, including weight (−3.7 ± 3.4 kg), BMI (−1.4 ± 1.3 kg/m2), waist circumference (−5.6 ± 4.7 cm), and body fat percentage (−2.1 ± 2.7%). However, we observed a great variability in this response to training according to individuals. Furthermore, heart rate and rate of pressure product (RPP) at rest significantly decreased (6% and 11% respectively) as well as the cardiac load during exercise (RPP −11% and cardiac cost −8%) after training. In conclusion, walking at FATmax is an efficient non-supervised training modality, allowing improvement in both body parameters and cardiovascular markers at rest and during exercise in middle age obese subjects. Even if body parameter changes were modest, the cardiac load decrease is an important factor for reducing the risk of cardiovascular diseases in this population
IA et justice en 2025: Méta-analyse de quatre rapports français sur l’intelligence artificielle et la justice (2024-2025)
No full textThe “AI and justice in 2025” study is a meta-analysis of 4 institutional reports produced between the end of 2024 and 2025 on the theme. It synthesizes reports from the Senate (2024), the Cour de cassation (2025), the Ministry of Justice (2025) and the working group on open data for court decisions (2025). The meta-analysis provides a summary of each of the reports in the first part, followed by a transversal analysis, by theme, in the second part.L'étude "IA et justice en 2025" est une méta-analyse de 4 rapports institutionnels produits entre fin 2024 et 2025 sur la thématique. Elle synthétise les rapports du Sénat (2024), de la Cour de cassation (2025), du ministère de la justice (2025) et du groupe de travail sur l'open data des décisions de justice (2025). La méta-analyse propose une synthèse de chacun des rapports en première partie, puis une analyse transversale, par thématique, dans une seconde partie
Trustworthy Efficient Communication for Distributed Learning using LQ-SGD Algorithm
No full textWe propose LQ-SGD (Low-Rank Quantized Stochastic Gradient Descent), an efficient communication gradient compression algorithm designed for distributed training. LQ-SGD further develops on the basis of PowerSGD by incorporating the low-rank approximation and log-quantization techniques, which drastically reduce the communication overhead, while still ensuring the convergence speed of training and model accuracy. In addition, LQ-SGD and other compression-based methods show stronger resistance to gradient inversion than traditional SGD, providing a more robust and efficient optimization path for distributed learning systems