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Evaluating urban square management success: A model for urban public spaces in Istanbul
Get PDFUrban public spaces, particularly city squares, play a critical role in fostering community interaction, enhancing socio-cultural well-being, and contributing to the overall cultural value of a city. Effective planning and management of these squares are essential to ensure accessibility, functionality, and inclusivity, thereby enabling them to serve as dynamic centers for social engagement and urban life. Prior research has often neglected the public's perspective in square planning and management. Thus, this study aims to develop an Urban Square Management (USM) success score model to assess the effectiveness of urban squares planning from the public's perspective. Initially, expert evaluations of relevant criteria were conducted using the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (IT2F-AHP), chosen to address the uncertainties and subjective judgments inherent in expert assessments. The resulting weighted criteria formed the basis for a user questionnaire. A total of 157 questionnaires were collected from visitors at Uskudar Square in Istanbul, a recently redesigned public space. The data underwent Exploratory Factor Analysis to identify key factors and refine the model's structure. Applying the developed USM model to Uskudar Square resulted in a success score of 70.2, providing an overall evaluation of the square's management performance. Crucially, the model allows for a detailed analysis of the constituent sub-dimensions contributing to the total score, such as accessibility, safety, maintenance, amenities, social activity, and environmental quality. This granular perspective enables urban planners and managers to identify specific areas requiring improvement and implement targeted interventions to enhance the overall quality, usability, and public satisfaction with urban squares
Decoding Turkish Lira volatility using natural language processing, news and Twitter sentiment, and explainable AI
Get PDFThis study examines the Turkish Lira/US Dollar exchange rate volatility from January 2015 through February 2024-a period when the Lira depreciated dramatically against the USD. This currency collapse triggered serious economic problems: High inflation, soaring import prices, reduced purchasing power, persistent price increases, lower real wages, higher external debt costs, limited monetary policy options, and volatile financial markets. While previous research has used Twitter sentiment for financial forecasting, our study contributes to the literature by analyzing both international news sources (The Economist, The New York Times, and The Guardian) and local Turkish sources (Yenisafak newspaper and social media Turkish Twitter content). Using explainable AI techniques, we investigate how news sentiment from different sources affects exchange rate volatility. The results indicate that international media sentiments impact the volatility of the Turkish lira/US dollar exchange rate. The overall sentiment derived from news sources effectively captures fluctuations in volatility. However, local media appears to have a comparatively weaker influence than international news
Enhancing circular economy project outcomes via molecular fuzzy-based decision support system
No full textThe most important criteria for increasing the performance of circular economy projects should be identified. Otherwise, companies can make wrong investment decisions that lead to high operational costs. However, the number of studies in which priority analysis is carried out for these factors is not sufficient. This situation creates an essential research gap for this literature. To address this missing gap, this study aims to identify the most critical factors and develop the most effective investment strategies to enhance the performance of circular economy projects. A novel decision-making model is proposed by integrating the Q-learning algorithm, molecular fuzzy sets, cognitive maps, and the Molecular ranking (MORAN) technique. To ensure robustness, a balanced expert dataset is constructed using the Q-learning algorithm, while molecular geometry is considered to reduce complexity and uncertainty in decision-making processes. It is concluded that effective waste management and achieving energy efficiency are the most important indicators. This study contributes to the literature by presenting a novel integrated model that not only enhances decision accuracy but also offers practical strategic guidance for investors seeking to boost the success of circular economy initiatives. The proposed model demonstrates a significant improvement in prioritization accuracy compared to traditional fuzzy decision-making approaches
Türkı̇ye borsasında volatı̇lı̇te, yapısal kırılmalar ve ekonomı̇k etkı̇leşı̇mlerı̇n araştırılması
No full text19.12.2025 tarihine kadar kullanımı yazar tarafından kısıtlanmıştır.The thesis comprises three empirical studies. Chapter 2 analyzes the impact of exchange rate volatility on sectoral stock volatility by utilizing intraday volatility measures derived from daily data across 27 Borsa Istanbul sectors over a period of 20 years (from April 29, 2003, to April 25, 2023). I critique traditional GARCH models and the application of aggregate data, which may lead to biased results. The findings demonstrate significant sectoral heterogeneities: all sectors are positively influenced by exchange rate volatility, with the basic metal sector being the most responsive, followed by banking and transportation. In contrast, the sports, investment trust, and construction sectors exhibit minimal sensitivity, underscoring the necessity for policymakers to devise sector-specific strategies aimed at stabilizing financial markets. Chapter 3 examines structural breaks in the Istanbul stock market, focusing on the seven largest sectors by market capitalization. I critique traditional breakpoint analysis for overlooking return variance breaks and employ the supMZ test to identify breakpoints in stock returns and the TL/Dollar exchange rate from 2004 to 2023. Key findings reveal simultaneous breakpoints across sectors, particularly in the years linked to major economic events in 2006, 2008, and 2018. Furthermore, more breakpoints were identified in the exchange rate than in sectoral stock prices, likely due to exposure to international events. The analysis indicates that the buy-and-hold strategy surpasses the "in and out" strategy across most sectors and the exchange rate, except for the financial and banking sectors. Chapter 4 takes a macroeconomic perspective, linking the stock market to financial liquidity needs functions (M1 and M2) through Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and Granger causality analyses. It reveals that M1 and M2 financial liquidity needs are cointegrated with real stock prices, real income, deposit interest rates, and real exchange rates. The wealth effect from real stock prices significantly affects financial liquidity needs, with M2 being more responsive to stock price fluctuations while M1 remains stable, highlighting the stock market's role in shaping long-term financial liquidity needs and monetary policy implications in Turkey.Tez üç ampirik çalışmadan oluşmaktadır. Bölüm 2, 20 yıl boyunca (29 Nisan 2003 - 25 Nisan 2023) 27 Borsa İstanbul sektöründeki günlük verilerden elde edilen gün içi oynaklık ölçümlerini kullanarak döviz kuru oynaklığının sektörel hisse senedi oynaklığı üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Geleneksel GARCH modellerini ve potansiyel olarak yanlı sonuçlar için toplu veri kullanımını eleştiriyorum. Bulgular önemli sektörel heterojenliklere işaret etmektedir: tüm sektörler döviz kuru oynaklığından olumlu etkilenmekte, ana metal sektörü en duyarlı sektör olurken, onu bankacılık ve ulaştırma sektörleri takip etmektedir. Buna karşılık, spor, yatırım ortaklığı ve inşaat sektörleri minimum duyarlılık göstermekte ve politika yapıcıların finansal piyasaları istikrara kavuşturmak için sektöre özgü stratejiler geliştirmesi gerektiğini vurgulamaktadır Bölüm 3, piyasa değerine göre en büyük yedi sektöre odaklanarak İstanbul hisse senedi piyasasındaki yapısal kırılmaları analiz etmektedir. Geleneksel kırılma noktası analizini getiri varyans kırılmalarını ihmal ettiği için eleştiriyorum ve 2004'ten 2023'e kadar hisse senedi getirileri ve TL/Dolar döviz kurundaki kırılma noktalarını belirlemek için supMZ testini kullanıyorum. Temel bulgular, özellikle 2006, 2008 ve 2018'deki büyük ekonomik olaylarla ilişkili yıllarda, sektörler arasında eşzamanlı kırılma noktaları olduğunu göstermektedir. Ayrıca, döviz kurunda sektörel hisse senedi fiyatlarından daha fazla kırılma noktası tespit edilmiş olup, bu durum muhtemelen dışsal olaylara maruz kalmaktan kaynaklanmaktadır. Analiz, satın al ve elde tut stratejisinin, finans ve bankacılık sektörleri hariç, çoğu sektörde "gir ve çık" stratejisinden daha iyi performans gösterdiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Dördüncü bölüm makroekonomik bir bakış açısı benimseyerek hisse senedi piyasası ile finansal likidite ihtiyacı fonksiyonları (M1 ve M2) arasında Otoregresif Dağıtılmış Gecikme (ARDL) ve Granger nedensellik analizleri yoluyla bağlantı kurmaktadır. M1 ve M2 finansal likidite ihtiyaçlarının reel hisse senedi fiyatları, reel gelir, mevduat faiz oranları ve reel döviz kurları ile eşbütünleşik olduğunu bulmuştur. Reel hisse senedi fiyatlarından kaynaklanan servet etkisi finansal likidite ihtiyaçlarını önemli ölçüde etkilemekte, M1 sabit kalırken M2 hisse senedi fiyatlarındaki dalgalanmalara daha duyarlı olmakta ve hisse senedi piyasasının uzun vadeli finansal likidite ihtiyaçlarının şekillenmesindeki rolünün ve Türkiye'deki para politikası uygulamalarının altını çizmektedir
Effectiveness of religiously adapted brief cognitive-behavioral therapy in reducing post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms after an earthquake: A quasi-experimental study
No full textEarthquakes are considered one of the most life-threatening natural disasters. They can lead to a wide range of psychological distress and psychopathology across society; thus, individuals exposed to such disasters are at risk of acute stress disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). In recent years, numerous studies have examined the positive contributions of religion-integrated treatments to the recovery process. Based on this premise, the present study investigated whether the Religiously Adapted Brief Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy program is effective in reducing post-traumatic stress symptoms in individuals affected by earthquakes. In this quasi-experimental study, 24 individuals with post-traumatic stress symptoms were divided into two non-randomized groups: an experimental group and a control group. A 2.5-week marathon intervention program consisting of five sessions was administered to the participants, which was developed in consultation with clergy and trauma specialists. The results showed a statistically significant decrease in PTSD levels in the experimental group compared to the control group at post-test measurement. Both groups exhibited a significant reduction in trauma-related cognitions. These findings provided evidence that the religion-integrated brief intervention program significantly alters PTSD symptoms and maladaptive cognitions. The results further suggested that developing brief, time- and resource-efficient treatments may be a worthwhile endeavor and that religiously sensitive interventions could serve as an alternative early intervention to alleviate and prevent the development of PTSD symptoms
Exploring covert diplomacy in peace negotiations
No full textArmed groups seeking political or territorial change frequently challenge governments, leading to protracted armed conflicts. However, not all conflicts are resolved through decisive military victories. As a result, states have increasingly turned to secret negotiations as an alternative means of engagement. While secrecy can facilitate diplomatic flexibility, its effectiveness depends on the credibility of the government’s commitment to cooperation. This study examines how the selection of government representatives in secret negotiations influences rebel group behavior and the likelihood of cooperation. Drawing on costly signaling theory and research on secrecy in diplomacy, this study argues that the level of government representation in secret negotiations serves as a key mechanism for signaling credibility. Specifically, high‐level representatives function as costly signals, reassuring rebels of the government’s seriousness and increasing the likelihood of cooperation. By contrast, low‐level representatives provide strategic deniability but fail to generate trust, making negotiations less effective. This dynamic is particularly relevant in democratic settings, where governments face domestic audience costs if secret negotiations are exposed. To test these claims, the study employs a large‐N quantitative analysis of secret negotiations between democratic governments and rebel groups. The findings indicate that secret negotiations led by high‐level representatives significantly reduce rebel violence. In contrast, those conducted by low‐level representatives fail to establish credibility and do not contribute to de‐escalation. These results highlight the importance of credibility, the choice of representatives, and secrecy in conflict resolution, with implications for backchannel diplomacy and long‐term cooperation outcomes
Kişisel performans, örgütsel dayanıklılık ve yöneticilerinin kuantum liderliklerine yönelik öğretmen algıları
No full textIn this study, it is aimed to examine the relationship between teachers' perceptions of certain factors in the institution where they work, teachers' perceptions of their personal performance, their organisational resilience levels and the quantum leadership level of the school principal. The population of the study consists of 4702 teachers working in primary and secondary public schools in Düzce Province in the spring term of 2021-2022 academic year. The sample of the study consisted of 409 teachers selected from this population by stratified sampling method. As a result of the research, male teachers had higher perceptions of quantum leadership and organisational resilience than female teachers, teachers with bachelor's degree had higher perceptions of quantum leadership and organisational resilience than teachers with master's degree; teachers working in primary schools have higher perceptions of their personal performance than teachers working in secondary schools and high schools; teachers working with the current principal for 5 or more years have higher perceptions of their performance than teachers working with the current principal for 1-2 years and 3-4 years. In addition, it was determined that the independent variables (teachers' quantum leadership perceptions of school principals and organisational resilience perceptions) explained 62.9% of the effect on the dependent variable (teacher performance).Bu çalışmada özelikle öğretmenlerin çalıştıkları kurum içerisindeki belirli faktörlerin öğretmenlerin kişisel performanslarına yönelik algıları ile örgütsel dayanıklılık düzeyleri ve okul müdürünün kuantum liderlik düzeyi arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Araştırmanın evrenini 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılı bahar döneminde Düzce İlindeki ilköğretim ve orta öğretim devlet okullarında görev yapan 4702 öğretmen oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise bu evrenden tabakalı örnekleme yöntemi ile seçilen 409 öğretmen oluşturmuştur. Araştırma sonucunda erkek öğretmenlerin kadın öğretmenlere göre yöneticilerinin kuantum liderliklerine ilişkin algılarının ve örgütsel dayanıklılık algılarının daha yüksek olduğu, lisans mezunu olan öğretmenlerin yüksek lisans mezunu olan öğretmenlere göre yöneticilerinin kuantum liderliklerine ilişkin algılarının ve örgütsel dayanıklılık algılarının daha yüksek olduğu; kişisel performanslarına ilişkin algılarının ise ilkokulda görev yapan öğretmenlerin ortaokul ve lisede görev yapan öğretmenlere göre daha yüksek olduğu, mevcut müdür ile 5 ve üzeri yıl çalışan öğretmenlerin performanslarına ilişkin algılarının mevcut müdür ile 1-2 yıl ve 3-4 yıl çalışan öğretmenlere göre daha yüksek olduğu sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Bununla beraber, bağımsız değişkenlerin (öğretmenlerin okul müdürlerine ilişkin kuantum liderlik algıları ve örgütsel dayanıklılık algıları) bağımlı değişken (öğretmen performansı) üzerindeki etkinin %62,9’unu açıkladığı belirlenmiştir
Examining foreign capital inflows and growth in The Gambia: A dual-gap approach
No full textBackground: Foreign capital is vital for small, low-income countries like The Gambia, where domestic resources are often insufficient to meet development needs. Despite reforms since the 1980s, the country has experienced volatile growth, even amid efforts to attract capital inflows. Aim: This research investigates how foreign capital inflows influence economic growth in The Gambia, emphasising the roles of savings and the foreign exchange gaps. Setting: The study uses the dual-gap framework and annual data from 1980 to 2023. Method: The study applies robust econometric techniques of Dynamic Ordinary Least Squares (DOLS) and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) to analyse the long-term relationship between capital inflows and growth. Results: Findings indicate that capital accumulation, foreign direct investment (FDI), and remittances significantly drive economic growth. FDI shows a stronger impact of 12% compared to remittances’ 7%. Human capital is also positively significant. Conversely, foreign exchange constraints exhibit substantial negative effects, while the negative labour input coefficient suggests inefficiencies in the labour market, likely linked to high informal employment. The savings gap was found to be insignificant. These results support classical growth theory and the capital-augmenting hypothesis. Conclusion: Policy recommendations include attracting more FDI, streamlining remittance channels, addressing labour market inefficiencies, and implementing import substitution and export promotion strategies to ease foreign exchange constraints and foster sustainable economic growth. Contribution: This study offers the first empirical assessment for The Gambia examining foreign capital inflows, growth, and the dual-gap dynamics, particularly relevant and timely in light of the growing reliance on external capital
The impact of sense of coherence and e-health literacy on health anxiety in elderly women: A cross-sectional study
No full textObjectives: This study investigates how sense of coherence and e-health literacy impact health anxiety among elderly women residing in Richmond Hill, Ontario, Canada. Understanding these relationships can help guide interventions aimed at reducing health anxiety in this demographic group. Methods and Materials: The research was a cross-sectional study involving 350 elderly women, selected from the population of Richmond Hill via available sampling method. Standardized tools, including the Health Anxiety Inventory, the Sense of Coherence Scale, and the e-health Literacy Scale, were employed to assess e-health literacy. The sample size was determined based on Morgan and Krejcie’s table and targeted sampling was used. Data analysis included Pearson correlation to evaluate the relationships between variables and multiple linear regression to identify predictors of health anxiety, conducted using SPSS version 27. Results: Results indicated that sense of coherence (r = -0.35, p < 0.001) and e-health literacy (r = -0.42, p < 0.001) were significantly negatively correlated with health anxiety. Regression analysis showed that both predictors significantly contributed to the model, with e-health literacy having a stronger impact (β = -0.42, t = -7.89, p < 0.001) compared to sense of coherence (β = -0.43, t = -7.00, p < 0.001). The model explained 22% of the variance in health anxiety (R2 = 0.20, F = 4.89, p = 0.003). Conclusion: The study demonstrates that both sense of coherence and e-health literacy significantly reduce health anxiety among elderly women. Enhancing digital health skills and reinforcing psychological resilience may be effective in mitigating health-related anxiety in this population.اهداف این مطالعه به بررسی نحوه تأثیر حس انسجام و سواد الکترونیکی سالمت بر اضطراب سالمت در زنان سالمند ساکن ریچموند هیل )اونتاریو، کانادا( میپردازد. درک این روابط میتواند به راهنمایی مداخالت برای کاهش اضطراب سالمت در این گروه جمعیتی کمک کند. موادوروش ها این پژوهش یک مطالعه مقطعی بود که در آن ۳۵۰ زن سالمند از میان زنان سالمند ساکن شهر ریچموند هیل به شیوه دردسترس انتخاب شدند. همچنین ایسن پژوهش با استفاده از ابزارهای استاندارد، شامل مقیاس اضطراب سالمت، مقیاس حس انسجام و مقیاس سواد الکترونیکی سالمت برای ارزیابی سواد الکترونیکی انجام شد. اندازه نمونه براساس جدول مورگان و کرجسی تعیین شد و با روش نمونهگیری دردسترس به نمونهگیری پرداخته شد. تجزیهوتحلیل دادهها با استفاده از همبستگی پیرسون برای ارزیابی روابط بین متغیرها و رگرسیون خطی چندگانه برای شناسایی عوامل پیشبینیکننده اضطراب سالمت و نرمافزار SPSS نسخه ۲۷ انجام شد. یافته ها میانگین و انحراف معیار سنی 71/43±5/62 سال بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد حس انسجام )0/00
Problems regarding the preemption right of the owners of adjoined agricultural land and its repeal
No full textTürk Hukukunda sınırdaş tarımsal arazi maliklerine 2014 yılında bir yasal önalım hakkı tanınmıştır. Ancak, uygulamada yol açtığı sorunlar sebebiyle bu hak 2020 yılında yürürlükten kaldırılmıştır. Hükmün yürürlükten kaldırılmasıyla birlikte derdest davalarda hangi hükümlerin uygulanması gerektiği sorunu ortaya çıkmış ve bu konuda mahkemeler tarafından farklı kararlar verilmiştir. Konunun bir diğer özelliği de daha sonra yürürlükten kaldırılan yasal önalım hakkı ve dava açma zorunluluğu düzenlemelerinin her ikisinin de Türk Hukukuna özgü olmalarıdır. Çalışmada bu yasal önalım hakkının kaldırılmasının altında yatan sebepler ve yürürlük hukuku bakımından etkisi konuları hukuki yönleriyle incelenmiştir.The statutory right of preemption for the owners of adjoining agricultural lands was recognized by Turkish Law in 2014. However, due to the issues it provoked in practice, this right of preemption had to be repealed in 2020. With the repeal of the preemption right, the question of which provisions should be applied in pending cases has arisen, and different decisions are made by the courts on this very issue. In this study, the reasons behind the repeal of the right of preemption and the effect of the repeal of the right of pre-emption in terms of time are examined from a legal perspective