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The reception of Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328) in Ibrāhīm al-Kūrānī’s (d. 1101/1690) works
No full textMullā Ibrāhīm al-Kūrānī (d. 1101/1690) was an Ash‛arī scholar who was heavily influenced by the Ṣufī ideas of Ibn ‛Arabī (d. 638/1240). Nevertheless, he has been described in much of 20th-century Arabic literature as a Salafī scholar and a defender of Ibn Taymiyya (d. 728/1328). Western academic studies have also described him as the scholar who rehabilitated, or at least played a crucial role in rehabilitating, Ibn Taymiyya and the Ḥanbalī school of thought. How did an Akbarian and Ash‛arī scholar come to be known as a Salafī and a defender of Ibn Taymiyya, who famously declared Ibn ‛Arabī an unbeliever? Why was al-Kūrānī labeled a Salafī and what influence did Ibn Taymiyya have on al-Kūrānī’s works? In this paper, I examine the reception of Ibn Taymiyya in al-Kūrānī’s works and argue that al-Kūrānī’s interest in and knowledge of Ibn Taymiyya’s works was limited to a single idea related to understanding ambiguous Qur’ānic verses (mutashābihāt) that served his Ṣufī project, without displaying any genuine interest in Ibn Taymiyya or his thought more generally
المسابقات القرآنية وتطور علم القراءات في شمال نيجيريا
Get PDFThe trend of organising Qurʾānic competitions, commonly called musābaqa, has gained international attention since its inception in Malaysia in 1961. Subsequently, the practice spread throughout the Islamic world. By employing a qualitative research technique that banks on a historical descriptive approach, this study explores the historical development of qirāʾāt in Nigeria and the contribution of musābaqa to promoting qirāʾāt knowledge. The study shows that qirāʾāt science developed through a series of phases that initially dated back to the arrival of Islam in the region, followed by the Islamization of the Hausa Emirates. Despite the challenges of colonialism, several factors, such as migration, scholarly visits, and scholarship missions, contributed to the development of qirāʾāt science in Nigeria. Shaykh ʿAbd Allāh b. Fodio’s book, al-Farāʾid al-Jalīla wa-Sāʾiṭ al-Fuʾād al-Jamīla, is considered the first book by a Nigerian author that discussed qirāʾāt. In addition, qirāʾāt were added to the musābaqa in 2023 because it was accepted on an international level, even though it is challenging and new. This positively affects education because it introduces the musābaqa participants to different Qurʾānic subjects. Also, it inspires the establishment of Qirāʾāt-based learning institutes, emphasising both the theoretical and practical aspects, and serves as a motivating factor for students, teachers, and musābaqa juries to further explore it.اكتسب اتجاه تنظيم المسابقات القرآنية اهتمامًا دوليًا منذ بدايته في ماليزيا عام 1961 . ومن خلال استخدام المناهج النوعية والوصفية والتاريخية، يتناول هذا البحث التطور التاريخي لعلم القراءات في نيجيريا ومساهمة المسابقة في تعزيز معرفة القراءات. وتُظهر الدراسة أن علم القراءات تطور من خلال سلسلة من المراحل التي ترجع إلى وصول ال إ سلام إلى نيجيريا، تليها دخول ال إ سلام لشعوب إمارات الهوسا. وعلى الرغم من التحديات التي جاءت مع الاستعمار، فقد ساهمت عدة عوامل، مثل الهجرة والزيارات العلمية والبعثات الدراسية، في تطوير علم القراءات في نيجيريا. كما يعتبر كتاب عبد اللّٰه بن فودي ““الفرائد الجليلة وسائط الفؤاد الجميلة،” أول كتاب لمؤلف نيجيري يتناول القراءات. وقد أضيفت القراءات إلى برنامج المسابقات عام ٣٢٠٢ نظرًا لقبولها عالميًّا، رغم صعوبتها. وهذا له أثر إيجابي على التعليم، إذ يُعرّف المشاركين في المسابقات بمواضيع قرآنية مختلفة. كما تشجع المسابقات الدول على إنشاء معاهد تعليمية قائمة على القراءات وتحفيز الطلاب والمعلمين ولجان تحكيم المسابقات لمزيد من التعمق في هذا العلم
Hukuki mütalaalar - 6
Get PDFHukuki Mütalaalar serisinin altıncısı bu kitapla birlikte yayınlanmış olacaktır. Altıncı Kitap, kaleme alınan 9 adet hukuki mütalaadan oluşmaktadır. Esasen, bu kitapta da ilginç somut olaylar ve ortaya çıkan sorunların çözümünde savunulan görüşlerin kamuoyu ile paylaşılması amaçlanmıştır
Filibe'ye sürgün edilen âlim: Ahıskalı Ali Fikri Efendi
No full textMedeniyetlerin sürekliliği, milletlerin geçmişleriyle olan bağı kitaplar değil, şahıslar üzerinden sağlanır. Kitaplar her ne kadar sürekliliğin alametleri olsa da, esas olan alamet değil, alametleri bırakan isimlerdir. Nitekim kütüphaneler dolusu kitap tek başına asla bir medeniyet peydah edemez. Bir medeniyetin varlığı ve sürekliliği, bu kitapları anlayan, anlamlandıran ve gündelik yaşamda karşılığını görebilen insanların varlığı iledir. Buna karşın, bir medeniyetin varlık ve sürekliliğini sadece kitaplar ile devam ettirmek isteyen kimseler, kitaplara zerk edilen bir medeniyet algısının yaşanılabilir formunu anlamaktan acizdir. Âlimler, kitaplardaki satırlardan çok daha fazlasını söyleyebilen kimselerdir. Nitekim onlar bir medeniyetin taklitçileri değil, kurucularıdır..
Tax-exempt status for foundations
Get PDFThe article analyses the tax-exempt regime and status for foundations. Employing doctrinal analysis supported by budgetary data on the 392 foundations currently enjoying the status (out of 5 848 registered), the study identifies seven cumulative eligibility criteria. The article catalogues the fiscal benefits enjoyed by Foundation applicants, while underscoring the attendant compliance burdens. The critical section evaluates scholarly objections that targeted exemptions erode the tax base and distort public-service planning. The study counters that; entry criteria, oversight and audits, and expiration clauses mitigate these risks while incentivising philanthropy and relieving fiscal pressure on the state. The article concludes by recommending broader eligible purpose categories, enhanced transparency through mandatory disclosure of review opinions, and more frequent post-grant audits, arguing that such refinements would balance revenue integrity with the revival of Turkey’s philanthropic tradition. It ultimately recommends expanding the list of eligible public-benefit purposes, mandating publication of all assessment reports and preserving public confidence
Reduction in peripheral expression of the TMLHE gene in Turkish youth with autism spectrum disorder
Get PDFBackground: Trimethyllysine Hydroxylase, Epsilon (TMLHE) gene mutations have been clinically associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aimed to evaluate the peripheral expression profile of the TMLHE gene and its association with ASD phenotype in a clinical sample of youth diagnosed with ASD. Methods: The study sample included 205 participants (ASD: n = 100; controls: n = 105, Mage = 9.25 years, SD = 3.74). The Childhood Autism Rating Scale and the Aberrant Behavior Checklist were administered to assess the severity of ASD and associated symptoms. Peripheral blood samples were collected from all participants, and TMLHE gene expression levels were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR). Results: TMLHE gene expression was significantly downregulated in the ASD group compared to controls (p < .001). Notably, significant correlations were identified between TMLHE expression levels and the CARS subscales for object use (p = .043) and listening response (p = .038). Conclusion: This study represents the first case-control investigation of peripheral TMLHE gene expression in ASD, revealing that TMLHE expression is reduced in children with ASD compared to typically developing peers. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the potential implications of TMLHE gene mutations in the etiology of ASD
Afrika'da dijital postkolonyalizm ve sınıf tartışmaları: Protoproletarya mı, pooriat mı?
Get PDFThis study explores the concept of digital postcolonialism, analyzing how digital economies perpetuate colonial dynamics and deepen global inequalities. Digital colonialism, much like historical colonialism, exerts control over developing regions through monopolistic ownership of digital infrastructure, data, and platforms by tech giants primarily located in the global North. By examining the labour conditions of digital workers, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, this study highlights the emergence of a “digital blue-collar” workforce facing precarious, low-wage conditions dictated by platform algorithms. Through the introduction of the concept “pooriat,” the study underscores the severe poverty and dependency that characterize this workforce, reflecting a new form of economic subjugation in the digital age. These conditions reinforce a digital hierarchy, where peripheral regions provide labour and data without fair compensation or control, paralleling colonial resource extraction. The study also discusses the potential of alternative frameworks, such as platform socialism, to challenge these power imbalances by democratizing control over digital infrastructures. This research contributes to the discourse on global inequality, digital dependency, and socio-economic restructuring, emphasizing the need for a more equitable digital economy.Bu çalışma, dijital postkolonyalizm kavramını inceleyerek dijital ekonomilerin sömürgeci dinamikleri nasıl sürdürdüğünü ve küresel eşitsizlikleri nasıl derinleştirdiğini analiz ediyor. Dijital sömürgecilik, tıpkı tarihi sömürgecilik gibi, öncelikle küresel Kuzey'de bulunan teknoloji devlerinin dijital altyapı, veri ve platformlar üzerindeki tekelci mülkiyeti yoluyla gelişmekte olan bölgeler üzerinde kontrol uyguluyor. Özellikle Sahra Altı Afrika'daki dijital işçilerin çalışma koşullarını inceleyen bu çalışma, platform algoritmaları tarafından dikte edilen güvencesiz, düşük ücretli koşullarla karşı karşıya kalan bir "dijital mavi yakalı" iş gücünün ortaya çıkışını vurguluyor. Çalışma, "pooriat" kavramının tanıtılmasıyla, bu iş gücünü karakterize eden şiddetli yoksulluk ve bağımlılığın altını çiziyor ve dijital çağda yeni bir ekonomik boyunduruk biçimini yansıtıyor. Bu koşullar, çevre bölgelerin adil tazminat veya kontrol olmaksızın emek ve veri sağladığı, sömürgeci kaynak çıkarımına paralel bir dijital hiyerarşiyi güçlendiriyor. Çalışma ayrıca, dijital altyapılar üzerindeki kontrolü demokratikleştirerek bu güç dengesizliklerine meydan okumak için platform sosyalizmi gibi alternatif çerçevelerin potansiyelini tartışıyor. Sonuç olarak bu araştırma, küresel eşitsizlik, dijital bağımlılık ve sosyo-ekonomik yeniden yapılanma konusundaki söyleme katkıda bulunmakta ve daha eşitlikçi bir dijital ekonomiye olan ihtiyacı vurgulamaktadır
Modeling drivers of fintech adoption in Sub‑Saharan Africa
No full textThis study explores the socio-demographic, financial, and technological determinants of FinTech adoption across 36 Sub-Saharan African countries utilizing microlevel data from the 2021 World Bank Global Findex survey. We employ a hybrid methodological framework integrating traditional econometric models (Logit and Probit) with supervised machine learning algorithms (Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, and XGBoost) to enhance predictive accuracy. Our findings show that formal account ownership and access to technology, particularly mobile phone ownership and internet connectivity, are the strongest drivers of FinTech adoption. Digital transactions are closely linked to formal financial infrastructure, while mobile money extends financial access to unbanked and rural populations. Income, education, employment, and regional disparities significantly influence adoption patterns. These results highlight the complementary role of formal banking and digital finance. The study recommends targeted policies focusing on rural digital infrastructure, integrated digital-banking strategies, and digital literacy programs. This research provides an empirical foundation for evidence-based policymaking to accelerate financial inclusion through FinTech in Sub-Saharan Africa
Family debt liability in ottoman law: Marital maintenance in the context of kadi registers
No full textBu makale, Osmanlı dönemi İstanbul Kadı Sicilleri’nde yer alan evlilik nafakası davalarını, İslâm hukukunun özellikle Hanefî mezhebi çerçevesindeki fıkhî hükümleriyle karşılaştırmalı olarak incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır. İslâm aile hukukunun temel yapı taşlarından biri olan nafaka, evlilik birliği süresince ve boşanma sonrası iddet müddetinde kadının ekonomik güvenliğini temin eden hukukî bir yükümlülük olarak tanımlanmıştır. Çalışmada öncelikle Hanefî fıkhına göre nafakanın kavramsal çerçevesi ortaya konulmuş; mehir, iddet nafakası, giyim, mesken temini, yiyecek ve giyim giderleri gibi unsurlar klasik kaynaklar ışığında ele alınmıştır. Bu kuramsal zemin üzerine, Osmanlı kadı sicillerinde tespit edilen nafaka davaları seçilerek ayrıntılı biçimde incelenmiştir. Araştırmada, İSAM, İstanbul Büyükşehir Belediyesi Kültür A.Ş. ve Medipol Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi iş birliğiyle Prof. Dr. Mehmet Âkif Aydın’ın yönetiminde hazırlanan 100 ciltlik İstanbul Kadı Sicilleri Projesi veri tabanı kullanılmıştır. Sicil kayıtları üzerinden yapılan incelemelerde, kadıların dava süreçlerinde takip ettikleri usuller, tarafların ileri sürdükleri iddia ve deliller, nafakanın hesaplanma biçimi ve ödeme şekilleri ortaya konmuştur. Ayrıca, vekâlet yoluyla dava açılması, muhâlea ve sulh yoluyla anlaşmalar, ibrâ beyanları, gaiplik ve hidâne gibi hukukî kurumların nafaka yükümlülüklerine etkileri de değerlendirilmiştir. Bu bağlamda mahkeme kayıtları yalnızca tarafların bireysel taleplerini değil, aynı zamanda Osmanlı yargısının aile hukukuna ilişkin işleyişini ve Hanefî fıkhının pratikteki yansımalarını gözler önüne sermektedir. Sonuç olarak çalışma, evlilik nafakasının Hanefî fıkhındaki kuramsal çerçevesi ile Osmanlı mahkemelerinin uygulamalarını karşılaştırmalı biçimde ortaya koymakta; nafaka müessesesinin hem kadınların ekonomik güvenliğini sağlamadaki işlevini hem de Osmanlı yargı pratiğinde nasıl şekillendiğini tarihsel ve hukukî bağlamda bütüncül bir perspektifle değerlendirmektedir. Böylece makale, hem hukuk tarihi hem de aile hukuku çalışmaları açısından önemli bir kaynak sunmakta ve Osmanlı toplumunda kadınların mali haklarının korunmasına dair somut veriler sağlamaktadır.This article aims to examine the case of alimony in marriage found in the Istanbul Kadi Registers of the Ottoman period, comparing them with the jurisprudential rulings of Islamic law, particularly within the framework of the Hanafi school of law. Alimony, one of the fundamental institutions of Islamic family law, is defined as a legal obligation that ensures the economic security of women during the marriage and during the iddah or waiting period after divorce. The study first outlines the conceptual framework of alimony according to Hanafi jurisprudence, examining elements such as dowry, alimony of the iddah period, clothing, housing provision, and food and clothing expenses in light of classical sources. Building on this theoretical foundation, alimony cases identified in Ottoman kadi registers were selected and examined in detail. The study utilized the 100-volume Istanbul Kadi Registers Project database, prepared under the supervision of Prof. Dr. Mehmet Akif Aydın in collaboration with ISAM, Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality Culture Inc. and Medipol University Faculty of Law. Studiying the registers revealed the procedures followed by the qadis in the trial processes, the claims and evidence put forward by the parties, the method of calculating alimony, and the payment methods. Furthermore, the effects of legal institutions such as filing lawsuits through proxy, agreements through muhala’a and sulh, ibra declarations, absence and hidanah on alimony obligations were also evaluated. In this context, court records revealed not only the individual claims of the parties, but also how Ottoman justice system functioned in relation to family law and the practical reflections of Hanafi jurisprudence. In conclusion, the study presents a comparative analysis of the legal framework of spousal maintenance in Hanafi jurisprudence and its application in Ottoman courts. It evaluates the institution of maintenance from a comprehensive historical and legal perspective, examining both its role in ensuring women's economic security and how it was shaped in Ottoman judicial practice. Thus, the article provides an important resource for both legal history and family law studies, offering concrete data on the protection of women's financial rights in Ottoman society
Development and validation of a Traditional Inventory of Islamic Virtues (TIIV)
No full textThis study introduces the Traditional Inventory of Islamic Virtues (TIIV), a psychometric tool developed to assess character grounded in classical Islamic virtue ethics. The TIIV builds upon the traditional Islamic virtues model (Keshavarzi et al., 2024), which provides a reorganization of al-Ījī’s 14th-century classification of virtues into five cardinal virtue: wisdom, temperance, valor, justice, and spirituality with 31 associated subvirtues. Data were collected from a diverse sample of 1,324 adults (M = 34 years, SD = 12) across 70 countries via an online survey. Using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), two studies were conducted to evaluate the internal consistency and factor structure of the TIIV, as well as its convergent and divergent validity with the Values in Action (VIA) Inventory. The final model retained five factors with 121 items across 31 subvirtues. All five virtue domains demonstrated acceptable to excellent fit indices comparative fit index (CFI = .94–.98; root-mean-square error of approximation [RMSEA] = .05–.07) and acceptable to strong internal consistency (ω = .71–.89). Convergent validity was supported by significant correlations with 26 of 28 hypothesized VIA subscales. The TIIV appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for assessing virtues within an Islamic framework. While still in its initial stages, it offers a culturally grounded complement to existing character assessments and supports the integration of Islamic concepts in psychological research and practice