Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca- Università del Salento
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Reconstruction and identification of pairs of collimated τ-leptons decaying hadronically using sqrt(s) = 13 TeV pp collision data with the ATLAS detector
Get PDFThis paper describes an algorithm for reconstructing and identifying a highly collimated hadronically decaying τ-lepton pair with low transverse momentum. When two τ-leptons are highly collimated, their visible decay products might overlap, degrading the reconstruction performance for each of the τ-leptons. A dedicated treatment attempting to tag the τ-lepton pair as a single object is required. The reconstruction algorithm is based on a large radius jet and its associated two leading subjets, and the identification uses a boosted decision tree to discriminate between signatures from τ+τ- systems and those arising from QCD jets. The efficiency of the identification algorithm is measured in Zγ events using proton–proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 13 TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider between 2015 and 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb-1. The resulting data-to-simulation scale factors are close to unity with uncertainties ranging from 26% to 37%
Environmental odor detection and classification with electronic nose system
Get PDFA prototype of an electronic nose (e-nose) system integrating a set of general-purpose gas sensors, an electronic module, and signal processing and classification methods has been designed and implemented to detect certain environmental odors that might pose a risk to human health. The proposed device explores the filter diagonalization method (FDM), an advanced signal processing technique for accurate spectral estimation, to detect the presence of odors together with random forest (RF), a popular machine learning algorithm, to classify the features of such spectra. Experimental results show that the proposed FDM-RF approach can recognize the targeted odors with an accuracy of 96.4%
Constructing social memory: identities, conflicts, communities
No full textThis book is about the role of memory in contemporary social sciences and societies.
The work has two parts. In the first, experts from different countries address the topic of memory from a theoretical and epistemological perspective: e.g. historical memory, biographical memory, memory as an act of creation, as well as and the narrative dimension of memory. In the second part, case studies are presented, from different countries (France, Italy, Albania, Spain, Brazil, Peru among others) referring to the relationship between memories and aspects of social life, such as migration, conflict, gender relations, journalism and public opinion, culture, collective trauma, art, collaborative archaeology, and the use of film materials
Meta-Analysis: Inverse Association Between Helicobacter pylori Infection and Eosinophilic Oesophagitis
No full textBackground: Exposure to Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) has been associated with a decreased risk of eosinophilic oesophagitis (EoE). Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the association between H. pylori infection and EoE in this updated meta-analysis. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, Scopus and ISI Web of Science, through to November 2024. We included studies reporting the status of H. pylori infection in patients with and without EoE or oesophageal eosinophilia (EE). We used a random-effects model to pool estimates. Results: We analysed 19 studies including 1.704.821 subjects. H. pylori infection was associated with a 46% lower risk of EoE/EE (OR: 0.54, 95% CI 0.43 to 0.67). Comparable findings were observed when subgrouping studies by location or design. There was a nonsignificant decrease in odds for EoE in paediatric patients exposed to H. pylori (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.24), and in studies using serology to diagnose H. pylori (OR: 0.41, 95% CI 0.16 to 1.04). We found lower odds of EoE compared with the overall findings in studies that diagnosed H. pylori only by gastric biopsy (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.25 to 0.74) and in those published after 2019 (OR 0.44, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.68). Conclusions: Exposure to H. pylori was significantly associated with decreased odds of EoE/EE. As a stronger protective effect was found in more recent studies, the epidemiology of this association may evolve and deserve to be further monitored
Conflitti meridiani. Proteste territoriali e soggettivazione politica nel Finis Terrae
No full textI territori vengono in genere studiati come luoghi deputati allo sviluppo economico, alla valorizzazione turistica, alla conservazione del folclore e all’organizzazione dei processi produttivi. In talune circostanze, essi si configurano come epicentri di intricate relazioni geopolitiche, talmente stratificate da rendere ardua la piena comprensione della natura e della portata degli interessi in gioco, come nel caso emblematico delle Grandi Opere. Negli ultimi decenni, i territori hanno assunto una valenza ulteriore, emergendo quali spazi privilegiati di resistenza ai processi di omologazione imposti dal neoliberismo. Numerosi attori collettivi si mobilitano per rivendicare giustizia sociale e nuovi orizzonti di partecipazione, inaugurando percorsi conflittuali di soggettivazione politica.
Il volume si concentra sul territorio dell’antica Terra d’Otranto, che corrisponde in larga misura all’odierna delimitazione amministrativa delle province di Brindisi, Lecce e Taranto. Questo territorio assume il ruolo di simbolo paradigmatico dei Sud globali, intesi come luoghi segnati da resistenze tanto alle storiche pratiche di sfruttamento quanto alle nuove forme di colonialismo capitalistico. La ricerca mette in luce un sistema degradante fondato sullo sfruttamento intensivo del territorio e su forme di lavoro schiavistico, frequentemente caratterizzate da una marcata componente razziale. In risposta a tali dinamiche, si delineano processi di insorgenza comunitaria che mirano a elaborare modelli alternativi di organizzazione politica e solidarietà attiva, spesso, tuttavia, con esiti limitati o di portata circoscritta
Exploring the Potential of Gold Nanoparticles in Proton Therapy: Mechanisms, Advances, and Clinical Horizons
Get PDFProton therapy represents a groundbreaking advancement in cancer radiotherapy, leveraging the unique spatial energy distribution of protons to deliver precise, high-dose radiation to tumors while sparing surrounding healthy tissues. Despite its clinical success, proton therapy faces challenges in optimizing its therapeutic precision and efficacy. Recent research has highlighted the potential of gold nanoparticles to enhance proton therapy outcomes. Due to their high atomic number and favorable biological properties, gold nanoparticles act as radiosensitizers by amplifying the generation of secondary electrons and reactive oxygen species upon proton irradiation. This enhances DNA damage in tumor cells while preserving healthy tissues. Additionally, functionalization of gold nanoparticles with tumor-targeting ligands offers improved precision, making proton therapy more effective against a broader range of cancers. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the mechanisms of gold nanoparticle radiosensitization, preclinical evidence, and the technological hurdles that must be addressed to integrate this promising approach into clinical practice, aiming to advance the efficacy and accessibility of proton therapy in cancer therapy
Smoothed particle hydrodynamics compared to finite volume methods in highly turbulent flow: A three-dimensional analysis of a marine propeller jet case
No full textThis study presents a comparative analysis between Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) and Finite Volume Methods (FVMs) in simulating highly turbulent flows, focusing on a three-dimensional marine propeller jet case. The mesh-free particle-based approach and the grid-based one are evaluated for their ability to resolve complex flow structures, such as tip vortices, wake dynamics, and turbulence-induced instabilities. This paper highlights the well-established computational framework of FVM while addressing gaps in the technical literature concerning SPH, providing a guidance on computational domain construction and boundary conditions. The comparison explores key flow characteristics, including the velocity and vorticity fields, and evaluates the consistency of results between the two methods. Additionally, time-frequency analyses using Fourier and wavelet transforms of a representative velocity signal are employed to assess the methods' abilities to capture both primary and secondary harmonics. The primary goal of this study is, then, to demonstrate the potential of SPH in accurately simulating highly dynamic flows, offering valuable insight for advancing numerical simulations of marine propeller-induced flows and other turbulent fluid-structure interactions. This study provides insight into the modeling of key characteristics of the near flow field of the propeller jet wake, including the formation of tip vortices and wake structures. The SPH simulations demonstrate satisfactory agreement with FVM results in capturing the main features of the instantaneous streamwise and spanwise velocity and vorticity fields
Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Charge-Selective Contact Devices on a Polyimide Flexible Substrate for Dosimetry and Beam Flux Measurements
Get PDFHydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) devices on flexible substrates are currently being studied for application in dosimetry and beam flux measurements. The necessity of in vivo dosimetry requires thin devices with maximal transparency and flexibility. For this reason, a thin (<10 μm) a-Si:H device deposited on a thin polyimide sheet is a very valid option for this application. Furthermore, a-Si:H is a material that has an intrinsically high radiation hardness. In order to develop these devices, the HASPIDE (Hydrogenated Amorphous Silicon Pixel Detectors) collaboration has implemented two different device configurations: n-i-p type diodes and charge-selective contact devices.Charge-selective contact-based devices have been studied for solar cell applications and, recently, the above-mentioned collaboration has tested these devices for X-ray dose measurements. In this paper, the HASPIDE collaboration has studied the X-ray and proton response of charge-selective contact devices deposited on Polyimide. The linearity of the photocurrent response to X-ray versus dose-rate has been assessed at various bias voltages. The sensitivity to protons has also been studied at various bias voltages and the wide range linearity has been tested for fluxes in the range from 8.3 × 107 to 2.49 × 1010 p/(cm2 s)