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    172 research outputs found

    PIEZOELECTRIC EFFEKT

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    Piezoelektrični efekt je fizikalna pojava koja je pronašla znatnu primjenu u modernom svijetu i jedna je od baza budućih tehnologija u razvoju. U ovom se radu izlažu osnovna fizikalna načela piezoelektričnih materijala te njihovih dviju važnih podskupina kao što su piroelektrični i feroelektrični materijali. Osnovni tipovi piezoeletričnih materijala poput kvarca i PZT keramike također su predstavljeni u vidu njihovih tehnoloških primjena. Na kraju se razmatraju mogućnosti i neki nedostaci piezoelektričnih materijala.Piezoelectric effect is a physical phenomena which has found a significant application in the modern world and it is one of the bases of future technologies in developement. In this thesis, basic physical principles of piezoelectric materials are presented, as well as it's important two subgroups like pyroelectric and ferroelectric materials. Main types of piezoelectric materials such as quartz and PZT ceramics are displayed in terms of their technological applications. Finally, some of the potentials and disadvanteges of piezoelectric materials applications are considered

    COMPARISON OF CURRICULAR APPROACHES TO THE TEACHING SUBJECT PHYSICS IN SCHOOLS WITH REGULAR AND ALTERNATIVE (WALDORF) TEACHING PROGRAM

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    Waldorfska je škola jedna od alternativnih škola, koju je osnovao Rudolf Steiner zajedno s Emilom Moltom želeći pružiti drugačije obrazovanje djeci. Mnoge su posebnosti ove škole, kao i waldorfske pedagogije, primjerice euritmija, ručni rad, opisno ocjenjivanje te izvođenje nastave po epohama. Kurikulum waldorfske škole temelji se na razvojnoj psihologiji i učenicima omogućuje učenje u skladu sa svojim sposobnostima, dozvoljavajući im da se neprestano razvijaju te istražuju svijet oko sebe. U radu su uspoređeni kurikulumi nastavnog predmeta Fizika u školi po redovitom i alternativnom (waldorfskom) nastavom programu, bazirano na ishodima učenja, vještinama i kompetencijama koje se ostvaruju nakon odslušanih predmeta u skladu s pripadnim kurikulumima. Također su provedene ankete o stavovima učitelja/nastavnika Fizike i roditelja prema waldorfskim školama u odnosu na škole po redovitom nastavnom programu.Waldorf School is one of the alternative schools, founded by Rudolf Steiner together with Emil Molt, wanting to provide a different education to the children. There are many peculiarities of this school, as well as of Waldorf pedagogy, for example, eurythmy, handcrafts, descriptive assessment, and teaching by epochs. The Waldorf school curriculum is based on developmental psychology and allows students to learn according to their abilities, allowing them to constantly develop and explore the world around them. The paper compares the curricula of the subject Physics in schools with regular and alterantive (Waldorf) teaching program based on the learning outcomes, skills, and competencies that are achieved after taking the subjects in accordance with the corresponding curricula. Surveys were also conducted on the attitudes of physics teachers and parents towards Waldorf schools compared to schools with regular teaching program

    Modeling the synthesis of two-dimensional materials using substrates

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    Cilj ovog diplomskog rada bio je istražiti te nadograditi već postojeća znanja o dvodimenzionalnim materijalima te o mogućnostima njihove sinteze na točno odredenim supstratima. U ovome radu bit će riječ o antimonenu (dvodimenzionalni alotrop antimona) i relaksaciji jediničnih ćelija njegovih dvaju alotropskih modifikacija: ravninske sačaste i svijene sačaste, i to na površinama srebra i germanija. Za numeričke izračune korišten je programski paket Quantum ESPRESSO namijenjen za modeliranje materijala te za izračunavanje raznih elektronskih struktura, a temelji se na teoriji funkcionala gustoće te samosuglasnoj metodi rješavanja kvantno-mehaničkih jednadžbi. Na kraju, kroz ovaj rad pokušat će se saznati koja je struktura, od dvije navedene, energetski najpovoljnija kako bi se u budućnosti znalo koju odabrati prilikom sinteze.The goal of this thesis was to investigate and upgrade existing knowledge about twodimensional materials and the possibilities of their synthesis on precisely determined substrates. In this paper, most of the content will be about antimonene (a two-dimensional allotrope of antimony) and the relaxation of the unit cells of its two allotropic modifications: planar honeycomb and buckled honeycomb, on silver and germanium surfaces. For numerical calculations, the Quantum ESPRESSO software package was used, which is intended for modeling the materials and for calculating various electronic structures, and it is based on the density functional theory and the self-consistent method of solving quantum-mechanical equations. In the end, through this work, an attempt will be made nergetically favorable in order to know which one to choose during synthesis in the future

    IONIZATION TUBE

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    Uvodni dio diplomskog rada obuhvaća povijesni razvoj radioaktivnosti, teoriju kojom se objašnjava ionizirajuće zračenje, a zatim su opisane različite vrste zračenja. Nakon toga su opisani različiti uređaji za zapažanje i detekciju ionizirajućeg zračenja te njihov povijesni razvoj. Detaljno je opisana ionizacijska cijev, njeno područje rada, princip rada te druge bitne karakteristike. Središnji dio rada posvećen je izradi ionizacijske cijevi. Opisan je postupak izrade ionizacijske cijevi te su u završnom dijelu rada predstavljeni jednostavni pokusi koji se mogu izvesti s ovim niskobudžetnim uređajem. Predloženi uređaj bi se mogao koristiti u nastavi fizike četvrtog razreda srednje škole kod obrade jedinice Detekcije ionizirajućeg zračenja zbog svoje jednostavnosti izrade i male cijene.The initial part of the master thesis includes historical development of radioactivity, theory that explains ionizing radiation and different types of radiation. After that, various devices for the observation and detection of ionizing radiation and their historical development are described. The ionization tube, its working area, working principle and other important characteristics are described in detail. The central part of the work is devoted to the creation of an ionization tube. The process of making the ionization tube is described and in the final part of the master thesis, simple experiments that can be performed with this low-budget device are presented. The proposed device could be used in fourth-grade high school physics classes, when unit Detection of ionizing radiation is taught, due to its simplicity of manufacture and low cost

    GROWTH OF WHEAT UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF THE EFFECTIVE FORCE OF GRAVITY

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    U ovom završnom radu, glavni cilj je potvrditi da je gravitacija jedan od glavnih čimbenika kako stabljika pšenice raste obzirom na položaj na Zemlji u kojoj je posađena izračunavanjem kuta između okomice na tanjur i smjera u kojem pšenica raste. Kako bi se to potvrdilo, žito pšenice je posijano na tri različita tanjura: tanjur koji je postavljen na mirnoj ravnini paralelno sa zemljinom površinom, tanjur postavljen na mirnoj kosini te tanjur koji je rotirao na gramofonu. Eksperimentalni dio ovog završnog rada je pokazao kako gravitacija ima utjecaj na rast stabljike pšenice.In this undergraduate thesis, the main objective is to demonstrate that gravity is one of the primary factors influencing the growth of wheat stems depending on their orientation on Earth's surface, by calculating the angle between perpendicular to the plate and the direction in which the wheat grows. In order to prove that, wheat seeds were sown on three different plates: a plate placed parallel to the Earth's surface, a plate positioned on a gentle slope, and a plate that rotated on a gramophone. The experimental part of this final thesis has shown that gravity has an impact on the growth of wheat stems

    WHEATSTONE BRIDGE FOR MEASURING RESISTANCE

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    U prvom dijelu završnog rada objašnjeni su pojmovi električnog naboja, električne struje, razlozi zašto se naboj kreće vodičem kao i izvod Ohmovog zakona te zašto je on važan u polju elektrodinamike. U drugom dijelu objašnjavaju se Kirchhoffova pravila, a kao jedan od praktičnih načina mjerenja otpora objašnjava se Wheatstoneov most za mjerenje otpora čija je interaktivna simulacija mjerenja otpora sastavni dio ovog završnog rada.The first part of the Thesis explains terms of electric charge, electric current, reasons why charge moves through the conductor as well as Ohm's law and why is it important in field of electrodynamics. The second part of the Thesis explains Kirchhoff's circuit laws and as one of the few ways to measure resistance is presented Wheatstone bridge for measuring resistance which is also the core theme of this Thesis

    ADSORPTION OF RADON IN WATER ON MAGNETITE (Fe3O4)

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    Radon je radioaktivni plin bez boje, okusa i mirisa te je on dio našeg prirodnog okruženja. Pronalazimo ga u tlu, vodi i zraku oko nas, a najviše ga ima u tlu bogatom radijem i uranijem jer radon nastaje raspadom tih radionuklida. Radon tijekom raspada emitira alfa česticu koja može ionizirati ljudsko tkivo do razine DNA dođe li u doticaj s njime. S obzirom na opasnost koju predstavlja za ljudsko zdravlje, potrebno je pronaći načine kojima možemo smanjiti njegovu koncentraciju. Mnogi znanstvenici navode metodu filtriranja vode pomoću aktivnog ugljena u granulama kao vrlo uspješnom u smanjenju koncentracije radona u vodi, no nedostatak te metode je stvaranje radioaktivnog otpada. U ovom diplomskom radu istražena je adsorpcija radona iz vode pomoću željezovog oksida – magnetita u područjima svih pH vrijednosti. Rezultati su prikazani Langmuirovom i Freundlichovom izotermom te je iz istih vidljivo da se magnetit može koristiti kao adsorbens.Radon is a radioactive gas without color, taste and smell and it is a part of our natural environment. We find it in soil, water, and air around us, but radon is the most concentrated in soils enriched by radium and uranium because it is a part of uranium radioactive decay series. Radon emits an alpha particle during decay that can ionize human tissue to the level of DNA. Due to its risk for human health, different approaches are applied to reduce its concentration in environment. The water purification by granulated activated charcoal method is very successful for reduction of radon in water, but the flaw of this method is generation of radioactive waste. In this thesis, the adsorption of radon in water using iron oxide – magnetite in areas of all pH values was investigated. The results are shown by Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm and it is evident from them that we can use magnetite as adsorbent

    POPULATION DOSE DISTRIBUTION IN NAŠICE

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    Prvi dio rada daje teorijsku podlogu i objašnjenje osnovnih pojmova vezanih za radioaktivnost, zračenje, utjecaj zračenja na organizam, izvore zračenja te dozimetrijske veličine. Drugi dio rada bavi se mjerenjem brzine ambijentalnog doznog ekvivalenta u Našicama. Istraživački dio ovog rada obuhvatio je mjerenje brzine ambijentalnog doznog ekvivalenta H*(10)/t na području Našica, a cilj mjerenja bio je procjena mogućeg ozračenja stanovništva te identificiranje potencijalnih izvora ionizirajućeg zračenja te utjecaj rada cementare NEXE d.d. na ozračenje stanovništva. Na kraju su dobivenim podatcima pridruženi odgovarajući položajni i atributni podatci te je napravljen grafički prikaz podataka. Mjerenja su izvršena pomoću uređaja RDS-31 i РМ1605.The first part of this master thesis provides a theoretical basis and an explanation of the basic terms related to radioactivity, radiation, the influence of radiation on the body, sources of radiation and dosimetric quantities. The second part of the paper deals with the measurement of the ambient dose equivalent rate in Našice. The research part of this master thesis included the measurement of the rate of the ambient dose equivalent H*(10)/t around Našice, and the goal of the measurement was to assess the possible exposure of the population and identify potential sources of ionizing radiation and the impact of the operation of the NEXE d.d. cement factory to population irradiation. Corresponding positional and attribute data were associated with the obtained measurements, and a graphic representation of the measurements was made. Measurements were conducted using RDS-31 and RM1605 devices

    TeV Astronomy

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    U ovom je radu vizualiziran katalog izvora visokoenergijskog gama-zračenja (više od 200 izvora koji su zadnjih 30 godina detektirani i popisani na mrežnoj stranici Sveučilišta u Chicagu). Podaci su preuzeti s mrežne stranice http://tevcat.uchicago.edu/ a originalni program za vizualizaciju napisan je Pythonu, programskom jeziku koji je trenutačno najpopularniji u astronomiji i fizici visokih energija. U radu su dani moji izvorni kodovi i opisana njihova primjena te, u uvodnom dijelu, kratka povijest gama-astronomije u području visokih (od 100 MeV do 100 GeV) i vrlo visokih (od 100 GeV do 100 TeV) energija.This thesis shows a visualization of a catalog of high-energy gamma-ray sources (more than 200 sources that have been detected and listed on the website of the University of Chicago in the last 30 years). The data was provided from the website http://tevcat.uchicago.edu/ and an original visualization program was written in Python, currently the most popular programming language in astronomy and high energy physics. The thesis shows original codes and describes their application, while the introduction describes a brief history of gamma-astronomy in the area of high energy (from 100 MeV to 100 GeV) and very high energy (from 100 GeV to 100 TeV)

    DIGITAL TOOLS IN PHYSICS TEACHING

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    U prvom dijelu završnog radu objašnjene su strategije poučavanja i digitalna tehnologija.Navedene su i opisane metode poučavanja u nastavi fizike s ciljem razvijanja kritičkog mišljenja kod učenika primjenom digitalnih tehnologija poput simulacije, virtualne stvarnosti u ostalih digitalnih alata u području primjene obrazovnog softvera. U drugom dijelu rada opisane su mogućnosti digitalnog alata Tracker i primjena u neposrednoj nastavi na primjeru kretanja njihala.In the first part of the thesis teaching strategies and digital technology are explained. Teaching methods in physics classes are listed and described with the aim of developing critical thinking in students using digital technologies such as simulation, virtual reality and other digital tools in the field of educational software application. In the second part of the paper, the capabilities of the Tracker digital tool and its application in immediate teaching are described using the example of the movement of a pendulum

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