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    CHARACTERISTICS AND CONTRUCTION OF DYNAMIC LOUDSPEAKERS

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    Završni rad započinjemo s definicijom i karakteristikama zvuka, a prije nego se vratimo u prošlost gdje ćemo vidjeti prve zvučnike i kako su se razvijali, ukratko ćemo opisati zvučnike. Nakon uvodnog dijela i upoznavanja sa zvučnicima saznat ćemo da se zvučnici mogu podijeliti na više vrsta i po različitim kategorijama. Najkorištenija vrsta su dinamički zvučnici, te će fokus ovoga rada biti upravo na njima. Postoji više vrsta dinamičkih zvučnika koji se mogu podijeliti s obzirom na frekvencijski pojas. Vidjet ćemo da su zvučnici pohranjeni u zvučničkim kutijama koje su bitne zbog akustičkih karakteristika, ali i estetike. Više zvučnika se može kombinirati u kutijama čime dobivamo sustav zvučnika koji može pokrivati određeni raspon ili cijeli pojas frekvencija koje ljudsko uho može raspoznati. Najkvalitetniji zvučnički sustavi većinom imaju više zvučničkih kutija od kojih je svaka zadužena za određene frekvencije. U praktičnom dijelu ćemo vidjeti kako izgleda jednostavna verzija dinamičkog zvučnika. Trebat će nam popis komponenti koje će se koristiti, biti će opisan postupak izrade, a na kraju će se analizirati napravljeni zvučnik.This final paper starts with the definition and characteristics of sound. Before we go back in time to see the first speakers and how they developed, we will briefly describe the speakers. After the introductory part and introduction to speakers, we will learn that speakers can be divided into several types and by different categories. The most used type are dynamic speakers, and the focus of this paper will be exactly on them. There are several types of dynamic speakers that can be divided according to the frequency band. We will see that the speakers are stored in speaker enclosures, which are important for their acoustic characteristics, but also for their aesthetics. Several speakers can be combined in enclosures, which gives us a speaker system that can cover a certain range or the entire band of frequencies that the human ear can recognize. High quality speaker systems usually have several speaker enclosures and every enclosure is responsible for different frequency band. In the practical part, we will see how a simple version of the dynamic speaker looks like. We will need a list of the components that will be used, design process will be described, and at the end the speaker will be analyzed

    COLCULATION OF THE STRENGTH OF A SINGLE-STAGE REDUCER SHAFT

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    Vratilo je strojni element koji služi za prijenos okretnog momenta i pritom prenosi rotacijsko gibanje, odnosno snagu. Vratila mogu biti raznih oblika, ovisno o naprezanjima i mjestima promjene presjeka, da se omogući pričvršćivanje elemenata za prijenos okretnog momenta. Prema tome vratila su opterećena uglavnom na uvijanje, a moguće i na savijanje. Utore na vratilu je potrebno dobro konstruirati, zbog toga što uzrokuju koncentraciju naprezanja, kako bi se smanjio tok okretnog momenta, a time i koncentracija naprezanja. Idealno vratilo je oblika kubne parabole te je stvarno vratilo potrebno konstruirati na veće promjere od idealnog vratila. Za tehnologije izrade potrebno je odabrati najekonomičnije metode kojima se dobiva vratilo sukladno svim potrebnim zahtjevima. Prije same konstrukcije i obrade potrebno je odabrati odgovarajući materijal, da u toku rada ne dođe do istrošenosti ili nenadanog puknuća. Za slijed tehnološke obrade su odabrani tokarenje, glodanje utora i konačno brušenje na završne mjere, kako bi dobili gotov i što kvalitetniji proizvod. Nakon izrade samog vratila obavezno je provesti kontrolu kako bi proizvod išao u daljnju eksploatacijuThe shaft is a machine element that transmits torque and rotational motion or power. It has different shapes, depending on the stresses and changes of the cross-section in order to enable the fastening of parts that transfer torque. Therefore, main stresses that a shaft endures are torsion, and possibly bending. The slots on a shaft need to be designed correctly, because they are stress risers, in order to diminish stress concentration as a side effect of torque. The ideal shape of the shaft is be a cubic parabola, so the actual shaft needs to be designed in a way that the dimensions are larger than that of the ideal shaft. The method of material production is the method that is the most economical, error-free production in accordance with all parameters and construction of the shaft itself. Prior to machining, it is necessary to select a material with appropriate properties so that wear and tear does not occur during loading of the shaft. Given the sequence of technological processing, the workpiece is subjected to turning, then the grooves are milled, and then ground to the finished dimensions, to get the finished product of as high a quality as possible. After the shaft itself is made, it is obligatory to carry out a control in order for the product to go into further exploatation

    STATISTICAL OVERVIEW OF INTERVENTIONS IN ZAGREB FIRE BRIGADE IN YEAR 2020

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    Ovaj završni rad prikazuje sažeti statistički prikaz intervencija Javne vatrogasne postrojbe Grada Zagreba na području djelovanja iste, točnije Grada Zagreba u vremenskom razdoblju . Prema podacima JVP Grada Zagreba broj intervencija ovisi o raznim vanjskim utjecajima, a ponajprije o vremenskim nepogodama ili određenim katastrofalnim događajima. U radu su kao uvod obrađeni osnovni podaci JVP Grada Zagreba kako bi se dobila slika o samoj postrojbi i načinu djelovanja i postupanja, te kako bi se iz toga mogla dobiti relevantnija slika o podacima. Ovaj rad prikazuje komparativnu analizu vatrogasnih intervencija na području Grada Zagreba, a sve to je tablično i grafovima obrađeno prema službenim statističkim podacima baze podataka JVP Grada Zagreba za 2020. godinu.This final paper presents a concise statistical overview of the interventions of the Zagreb Fire Brigade in the area of its operation, more precisely the City of Zagreb in the time period. According to the Zagreb Fire Brigade data, the number of interventions depends on various external influences, primarily on weather disasters or certain catastrophic events. The paper deals with the basic data of Zagreb Fire Brigade as an introduction in order to obtain a picture of the unit itself and the manner of operation and conduct, and in order to obtain a more relevant picture of the data. This paper presents a comparative analysis of firefighting interventions in the City of Zagreb, and all this is tabulated and graphs processed according to official statistics from Zagreb Fire Brigade database in year 2020

    ZAGREB FIRE BRIGADE ENGINE TRUCK

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    Cilj ovog završnog rada je prikazati vrste vozila u vatrogastvu, predstaviti vatrogasnu postrojbu Zagreb i novu tipizaciju vozila u vatrogastvu. Također, u radu je detaljnije opisano novo navalno vozilo Javne vatrogasne postrojbe grada Zagreba, trenutno najnovije i najmodernije navalno vozilo u Hrvatskoj, opremu koje to vozilo posjeduje te nekoliko primjera intervencija s tim vozilom.The goal of this final paper is to present the types of vehicles in the fire department, to present the Zagreb fire brigade and the new typification of vehicles in the fire department. Also, the paper describes in more detail the new naval vehicle of the Public Fire Brigade of the City of Zagreb, currently the newest and most modern naval vehicle in Croatia, the equipment that the vehicle has and several examples of interventions with this vehicl

    IMPLEMENTATION OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ANALYSIS OF WORK PROCESSES WITH ASSESSMENT IN CITY GASWORKS ZAGREB

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    Svrha pisanja završnog rada je organizacija i provođenje zaštite na radu rješavanju radnih obaveza u svim radnim procesima po zakonskoj regulativi te internim pravilnicima odjela zaštite na radu. Kako je primarna djelatnost operatora Gradske plinare Zagreb d.o.o. distribucija i prodaja plina bitno je pridržavanje zadanih poslovnih procesa sa sigurnosnim procedurama pojedinih radnji kako bi se omogućila opskrba i transport energenta do krajnjeg kupca uz maksimalnu sigurnost davaoca i korisnika izdanog proizvoda. Prilikom transporta zemnog plina do potrošača pri krivom postupku može doći do neželjenog događaja i prouzročiti materijalnu štetu gdje postoji vjerojatnost ozljeda radnika. Uvodni dio je prikazan sa povijesnim podacima o samom osnutku trgovačkog društva sa opisom i organizacijskom strukturom. Isticana je važnost odjela zaštite na radu i sama integracija poslova po svim zakonima, pravilnicima ili internim aktima, odlukama, pravilnicima.The purpose of writing the final paper is the organization and implementation of occupational safety to solve work obligations in all work processes according to legislation and internal regulations of the occupational safety department. As the primary activity of the operator of Gradska plinara Zagreb d.o.o. distribution and sale of gas, it is important to adhere to the set business processes with safety procedures of individual operations in order to enable the supply and transport ofIV energy to the end customer with maximum security of the provider and user of the issued product. When transporting natural gas to consumers in the wrong procedure, an explosion can occur and cause material damage where there is a possibility of injury to victims. The introductory part is presented with historical data on the very foundation of the company with a description and organizational structure. The importance of the occupational safety department and the integration of work according to all laws, ordinances or internal acts, decisions, ordinances was emphasized

    ANALYSIS OF HYDROGEN ECONOMY IN BUILDINGS

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    U suvremenom svijetu koji se odlikuje iznimnim gospodarskim i tehnološkim napretkom, sve je više očita i negativna strana nekontroliranog napretka koja se najočitije manifestira na okolišu. Suočeni smo s izazovom potrebe za napretkom ali i održavanjem već postignutog napretka. Potrebno je pronaći najbolji način da tehnologija kojom se služimo bude „čista“, odnosno da ne ostavlja trag u okolišu [1]. To se najviše odnosi na proizvodnju tehnologije, njenu uporabu i u konačnici reciklažu. Kada je riječ o energiji, jedan od najboljih odgovora na takva nastojanja nalazi se upravo u vodiku, plinu bez boje i mirisa koji je najzastupljeniji element u svemiru. Postoje planovi prema kojima bi vodik mogao postati vodeći energent u budućnosti do 2050. godine. Danas se vodik primjenjuje u puno segmenata, no njegova proizvodnja još uvijek nije klimatski neutralna niti ekonomski prihvatljiva. Cilj je da proizvodnja vodika postane klimatski neutralna te da vodik zamijeni druge ugljikovodike na tržištu energenata. Primjena vodika još uvijek nije ekonomski prihvatljiva iz više razloga. Glavni razlozi tome su da je cijela infrastruktura u procesu nastajanja, od proizvodnje tehnologija za dobivanje vodika, proizvodnje vodika i transporta do korištenja vodika. Kako bi to ubrzali, znanstvenici se udružuju, dijele informacije te zajedničkim snagama nastoje doći do najboljeg rješenja. Da bi se izbjegli svi problemi globalne infrastrukture razmotrena je lokalna infrastruktura u kućanstvu, odnosno u zgradama. Na temelju jednog realnog ureda provjeren je potencijal proizvodnje vodika iz viška sunčeve energije te mogućnosti njegove primjene. Nije analiziran cjelokupan proračun koji bi obuhvatio sve čimbenike korištenja vlastite električne energije i vodika nego je naglasak na određivanju potencijalno ekonomski najprihvatljivijeg načina proizvodnje i primjene vodika za vlastite potrebe u kućanstvu. Dakle, može se reći da je ovim radom analizirana vodikova ekonomija u zgradama s ciljem potrage za tehnologijama kojima se može postići najučinkovitija, čista i ekonomski prihvatljiva prijeko potrebna energija u zgradama.In the modern world, which is characterized by exceptional economic and technological progress, there is an increasingly obvious and negative side of uncontrolled progress, which is most clearly manifested in the environment. We are faced with the challenge of the need for progress but also the maintenance of the progress already made. It is necessary to find the best way for the technology we use to be "clean", ie not to leave a trace in the environment [1]. This mostly refers to the production of technology, its use and ultimately recycling. When it comes to energy, one of the best answers to such an endeavor is in hydrogen, a colorless and odorless gas that is the most abundant element in the universe. There are plans according to which the guide could become the leading energy source in the future by 2050. Today, it is applied climatically in many segments, but its production is still not neutral or economically acceptable. The goal is to make hydrogen production climate-neutral and to replace other hydrocarbons in the energy market. The use of hydrogen is still not economically acceptable for several reasons. The main reasons for this are that the entire infrastructure is in the process of being created, from the production of hydrogen production technology, hydrogen production and transport to the use of hydrogen. To speed it up, scientists are coming together, sharing information and working together to find the best solution. In order to avoid all the problems of global infrastructure, the local infrastructure in the household, ie in the buildings, was considered. Based on one real office, the potential for hydrogen production from more solar energy and the possibilities of its application were tested. The entire budget, which would include all factors of using own electricity and conductors, has not been analyzed, but the emphasis is on determining the potentially most economically acceptable way of producing and applying conductors for own needs in the household. Thus, it can be said that this paper analyzes the hydrogen economy in buildings with the aim of searching for technologies that can achieve the most efficient, clean and economically acceptable much-needed energy in buildings

    TERRORIST ATTACKS ON SPORT`S EVENTS

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    Terorizam je zadnja dva stoljeća prijetnja svjetskoj sigurnosti. Sportski događaji su pogodna meta za teroriste zbog velike mase ljudi koja im prisustvuje, unaprijed određenim terminima i velikim emocijama koje ih prate. Prvi značajniji teroristički napad na sportskim događajima zbio se na Olimpijskim igrama u Munchenu 1972. godine. Izvela ga je teroristička skupina Crni rujan, ogranak Fataha nastao kao odgovor na palestinski poraz u ratu s Jordancima. U Munchenu je stradalo sve skupa 17 ljudi, najviše izraelskih sportaša. Nakon Munchena osiguranje na Olimpijskim igrama je dignuto na višu razinu, ali su se svejedno događali teroristički napadi (Atlanta, Peking). Osim na Olimpijskim igrama teroristički napadi su se događali i na svim drugim sportskim natjecanjima. Kroz svako desetljeće od sedamdesetih godina do danas broj terorističkih napada na sportskim događajima je rapidno rastao. Najznačajniji teroristički napadi na sportskim događajima dogodili su se u Istanbulu, Groznom, Angoli, Bostonu, Dortmundu, Parizu i na Šri Lanci. Najviše je odjeknuo napad Islamske države u Parizu kad je na Stade de Franceu bio ugrožen i francuski predsjednik.Terrorism is for centuries a threat to worlds security, Sport's events are good target for terrorists because of big masses of people attending, fixed schedules and big emotions that are followed by these events. First significant terrorist attack on sport's events happened at Munchen's olimpics 1972. It was performed by Black september, branch of Fatah, which was established as response for Palestinian defeat in war with Jordan. In Munchen died 17 people, mostly Israelian athletes. After Munchen security at olimpics was on higher level but terrorist attacks still were happening (Atlanta, Beijing). Terroris attack were happening on every kind of sport events. From seventies through every decade they grew in number. Most significant attack on sport's events happened in Istanbul, Grozny, Angola, Boston, Dortmund, Paris and Sri Lanca. Most significant was attack of Islamic state in Paris when was threatened French president at Stade de France

    ROBOTIC GRINDING OF FREESTANDING BATHTUBS

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    Tema ovog završnog rada je „Robotsko brušenje samostojećih kupaonskih kada“. U završnom radu su opisani roboti, brusni alati, postupci brušenja, kvaliteta površina. Također se govori o razvoju robota, te prednostima i nedostacima robotskog brušenja. Opisao sam i naveo primjere brušenja kada u tvornici Aquaestil. Opisao sam izradu negativa za stezanje kupaonske kade, dao primjer i opis izrade robotskog programa za brušenje kade. U robotski prostor smještena je kupaonska kada na vlastito izrađeni negativ. Napravljen je tehnološki program za brušenje kupaonske kade, opisan način programiranja i način na koji radimo pripremu 3D modela kade u SolidWorks za SprutCAM, u kojem radimo program za brušenje. Na kraju je iznesen zaključak.The topic of this final paper is „Robotic grinding of freestanding bathtubs“. The final paper describes robots, grinding tools, grinding procedures, surface quality. There is also talk of robot development, the advantages and disadvantages of robotic grinding. I have described and cited examples of grinding when in the Aquaestil factory. I described the making of negatives for clamping a bathtub, gave an example and a description of making a robotic program for grinding a bathtub. In the robotic space there is a bathtub on a self-made negative. A technological program for grinding a bathtub was made, a method of programming was described, a way in which we prepare a 3D model of a bathtub in SolidWorks for SprutCAM in which we do a grinding program. In the end, a conclcusion was drawn

    DETERMINING THE COSTS OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY

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    Završni rad bavi se utvrđivanjem troškova zaštite na radu. Kako bi se spriječilo ozljeđivanje radnika i nastanak korektivnih troškova zaštite na radu potrebno je preventivno djelovati. U kontekstu troškova zaštite na radu to znači praćenje određenih pokazatelja i svjesno poduzimanje preventivnih troškova. Kako bi se smanjilo korektivne troškove zaštite na radu, stručnjacima zaštite na radu potrebno je osigurati dovoljno sredstava za djelovanje. Odgovornost je to poslodavca, ali i nadležnih državnih tijela. Praktični primjeri predočeni u radu doprinose boljem razumijevaju ove složene, ali iznimno važne tematike.he final paper deals with determining the costs of occupational safety. In order to prevent injury to workers and the occurrence of corrective costs of occupational safety, it is necessary to act preventively. In the context of occupational safety costs, this means monitoring certain indicators and consciously undertaking preventive costs. In order to reduce the curative costs of occupational safety, occupational safety experts need to be provided with sufficient funds for their activities. The responsibility lies with the employer, but also with the competent state authorities. The practical examples presented in the paper contribute to a better understanding of these complex, but extremely important topic

    SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OF ECOTOURISM ON THE EXAMPLE OF PLITVICE LAKES NATIONAL PARK

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    Veliki broj zemalja u svijetu najveće prihode ostvaruje kroz turizam koji se smatra najbrže rastućom svjetskom industrijom. Turizam je orijentiran na rad s ljudima, ali kao i ostali oblici razvoja može dovesti do raznih problema. Jedan od njih je zagađenje okoliša te se pristupa odgovornijim, alternativnim oblicima turizma. Jedan od njih je ekoturizam koji se fokusira na boravak turista u prirodi, zaštitu okoliša te razvoj ekološke svijesti. Republika Hrvatska obiluje prirodnim ljepotama i kao takva je prepoznata kao jedna od naj poželjnijih turističkih destinacija svijeta. Što dovodi do toga da je turizam kao grana gospodarstva, najrazvijeniji sektor u Republici Hrvatskoj. Među brojnim prirodnim ljepotama se nalaze i Plitvička jezera koja su stavljena pod zaštitu UNESCO-a, još davne 1979. godine. Plitvička jezera su najstariji i najveći nacionalni park u Republici Hrvatskoj, smještena u Lici. Rasprostranjena su na površinu od gotovo 30.000 ha i obiluje bogatom florom i faunom. Sastoje se od 16 jezera, podijeljenih na Gornja jezera (kojih je ukupno 12), te Donja jezera (njih 4), koja su opredijeljena prirodnim barijerama. Plitvička jezera bilježe porast turističkih posjetitelja iz godine u godinu, što dovodi do zagušenja i zagađenja prostora, radi prevelike posjećenosti i gužve koja se stvara u nacionalnom parku, pogotovo za ljetnih mjeseci. Tu dolazimo do problematike zvane – održivi razvoj, koji postaje prijeka potreba ekosustavu u kojem se Nacionalni park Plitvička jezera nalaze. Održivi razvoj je zasnovan na četiri glavna načela: ekološkoj održivosti, ekonomskoj održivosti, tehnološkoj održivosti i sociokulturnoj održivosti. U radu će se na primjeru navedenog nacionalnog parka prikazati održivost ekoturizma.A large number of countries in the world generate the greatest income through tourism, which is considered to be the fastest growing industry in the world. Tourism is oriented towards working with people, but like other forms of development it can lead to various problems. One of them is environmental pollution and more responsible, alternative forms of tourism are being approached. One of them is ecotourism, which focuses on the stay of tourists in nature, environmental protection and the development of environmental awareness. The Republic of Croatia is rich in natural beauty and as such is recognized as one of the most desirable tourist destinations in the world. Which leads to the fact that tourism as a branch of the economy is the most developed sector in the Republic of Croatia. Among the many natural beauties are Plitvice Lakes, which were placed under the protection of UNESCO, back in 1979. Plitvice Lakes is the oldest and largest national park in the Republic of Croatia, located in Lika. They are spread over an area of almost 30,000 ha and are rich in flora and fauna. They consist of 16 lakes, divided into Upper Lakes (of which there are 12), and Lower Lakes (4 of them), which are determined by natural barriers. Plitvice Lakes record an increase in tourist visitors from year to year, which leads to congestion and pollution of the area, due to overcrowding and crowds that are created in the national park, especially during the summer months. Here we come to the problem called - sustainable development, which becomes an urgent need for the ecosystem in which the Plitvice Lakes National Park is located. Sustainable development is based on four main principles: environmental sustainability, economic sustainability, technological sustainability and socio-cultural sustainability. The paper will present the sustainability of ecotourism on the example of the mentioned national park

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