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SELECTION OF POLYMER MATERIALS IN ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGY
No full textAditivna tehnologija se odnosi na način izrade 3D predmeta spajanjem materijala sloj po sloj, gdje se svaki sljedeći sloj veže na prethodni. Modeli se konstruiraju putem CAD softvera te se nakon toga šalju na ispis. Navedene su neke od najčešćih vrsta aditivne proizvodnje kao i najčešće korišteni materijali s posebnom pažnjom na FDM i SLA postupke. Opisani su fleksibilni materijali pogodni za aditivnu proizvodnju te primjenu u dentalnoj medicini (SLA i FDM). Analizirana su osnovna svojstva tih materijala i njihova moguća primjena u izradi dentalnih modela, proteza, implantanata i sl.Additive technology refers to the method of creating 3D objects by joining materials layer by layer, where each subsequent layer bonds to the previous one. Models are constructed using CAD software and then sent for printing. Some of the most common types of additive manufacturing are listed, along with the most frequently used materials, with particular focus on FDM and SLA processes. Flexible materials suitable for additive manufacturing and their application in dental medicine (SLA and FDM) are described. The basic properties of these materials and their potential use in the fabrication of dental models, prosthetics, implants and similar applications are analyzed
THE ROLE OF HUNTING IN PRESERVING THE HEALTH OF GAME
No full textCilj ovog rada jest prikazati značajnu ulogu lovaca u očuvanju zdravlja divljači i očuvanju eko sustava. Rad je podijeljen na tri dijela: u prvom dijelu opisana je pravna regulativa kojima se regulira provođenje mjera za zdravlje divljači. U drugom dijelu opisana je edukacija lovaca o zdravlju divljači, budući da lovci prvi primjećuju i javljaju sumnje o pojavi bolesti. Treći dio rada prikazuje ulogu lova u očuvanju prirodne ravnoteže i održavanju higijene lovišta te značajnu ulogu u zdravstvenom monitoringu divljači pomoću kojega lovci prijavljuju uočene bolesti divljači, dostavljaju uzorke, provode mjere sprječavanja i suzbijanja bolesti te sudjeluju u njihovom liječenju. Lovci su sastavni dio društvene zajednice, čuvaju bioraznolikost i pokretači su različitih društvenih aktivnosti te imaju ključnu ulogu u sprječavanju i širenju pojave bolesti.The goal of this bachelor thesis is to present the significance of hunters in preserving the health of game and ecosystem preservation. This paper is divided into three parts: the first part describes the legal regulations, regulating the implementation of measures for health of game. The second part describes the education of hunters about game health, since hunters are the first to notice and report suspicions of the occurrence of diseases. The third part of the paper presents the role of hunting in preserving the natural balance and maintaining the hygiene of hunting grounds, as well as its significant role in game health monitoring, through which hunters report observed game diseases, submit samples, implement disease prevention and control measures, and participate in their treatment. Hunters are an integral part of the community, they preserve biodiversity and are the initiators of various social activities, playing a key role in preventing and spreading the disease
APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN THE ANALYSIS OF ERGONOMIC PRINCIPLES
No full textZavršni rad bavi se primjenom umjetne inteligencije u analizi ergonomskih načela, s naglaskom na uredska radna okruţenja u digitalnom dobu. Cilj rada je prikazati na koji način napredne tehnologije, posebice sustavi umjetne inteligencije, mogu unaprijediti sigurnost, učinkovitost i zdravlje zaposlenika kroz preciznu procjenu i prilagodbu radnih uvjeta. Poseban fokus stavljen je na ulogu umjetne inteligencije u automatizaciji prepoznavanja rizičnih pokreta, drţanja i radnih uvjeta, kao i u razvoju pametnih radnih mjesta. Teorijska razrada je dopunjena anketnim istraţivanjem provedenim meĎu zaposlenicima različitih sektora, koje je ukazalo na značajne manjkavosti u praktičnoj primjeni ergonomskih načela i velik potencijal AI alata u prevenciji zdravstvenih tegoba. Zaključuje se da integracija umjetne inteligencije u ergonomiju predstavlja vaţan korak prema modernizaciji zaštite na radu i poboljšanju psihofizičkog zdravlja zaposlenika.This final paper explores the application of artificial intelligence in the analysis of ergonomic principles, with a focus on office work environments in the digital age. The aim is to demonstrate how advanced technologies-especially AI systems-can enhance workplace safety, efficiency, and employee health through accurate assessment and real-time adjustment of working conditions. Special attention is given to the role of artificial intelligence in automating the detection of risky postures, repetitive movements, and inadequate work settings, as well as in developing smart workspaces. The theoretical discussion is supported by a survey conducted among employees from various sectors, revealing both insufficient implementation of ergonomic practices and strong potential for AI tools in preventing health issues.The conclusion highlights that integrating artificial intelligence into ergonomic systems is a significant step toward modernizing occupational safety and improving the overall well-being of employees
RESCUE IN FAST WATERS AND FLOODS ON THE EXAMPLE OF KARLOVAC COUNTY
No full textOvaj rad obrađuje temu spašavanja na brzim vodama i u poplavnim situacijama, s posebnim naglaskom na Karlovačku županiju, jedno od najugroženijih područja u Hrvatskoj kada su u pitanju poplave i bujične vode. Županija je ispresijecana rijekama poput Kupe, Korane, Mrežnice i Dobre, koje tijekom obilnih kiša i otapanja snijega često izlaze iz korita i ugrožavaju lokalno stanovništvo, imovinu i prometnu infrastrukturu. U radu su analizirani glavni rizici i izazovi s kojima se suočavaju pripadnici vatrogasnih postrojbi, HGSS-a, civilne zaštite i ostalih operativnih snaga tijekom spašavanja u poplavljenim i bujičnim područjima. Posebna pažnja posvećena je organizaciji sustava spašavanja, potrebnoj opremi, obuci spašavatelja te važnosti suradnje između lokalne samouprave i državnih službi. Kroz konkretne primjere intervencija u Karlovcu i okolnim mjestima, rad prikazuje složenost i zahtjevnost ovakvih akcija, kao i potrebu za stalnim unapređenjem kapaciteta, preventivnih mjera i sustava ranog upozoravanja. Zaključuje se kako je učinkovito spašavanje moguće samo kroz pravovremenu koordinaciju, kontinuiranu edukaciju i dostupnost specijalizirane opremeThis paper explores the topic of water rescue in swift currents and flood situations, with a particular focus on Karlovac County—one of the most flood-prone areas in Croatia. The county is intersected by rivers such as the Kupa, Korana, Mrežnica, and Dobra, which frequently overflow during periods of heavy rainfall and snowmelt, endangering local residents, property, and transportation infrastructure. The paper analyzes the main risks and challenges faced by members of fire departments, the Croatian Mountain Rescue Service (HGSS), civil protection units, and other emergency services during rescue operations in flooded and torrent-prone areas. Special attention is given to the organization of the rescue system, the IV necessary equipment, training of rescuers, and the importance of cooperation between local authorities and national services. Through concrete examples of interventions in Karlovac and surrounding areas, the paper highlights the complexity and demanding nature of such operations, as well as the need for continuous improvement of capacities, preventive measures, and early warning systems. The conclusion emphasizes that effective rescue efforts are only possible through timely coordination, continuous training, and the availability of specialized equipmen
SAFETY AND FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES WHILE USING ALTERNATIVE SOURCES OF ELECTRICITY
No full textCilj ovog završnog rada je istraživanje alternativnih izvora električne energije s naglaskom na primjenu solarnih fotonaponski panela i baterijskih sustava za pohranu električne energije. U kontekstu globalne energetske krize i klimatskih promjena, potreba za održivim i obnovljivim izvorima energije postaje sve izraženija. Rad analizira osnovne principe pretvorbe sunčeve energije u električnu energiju putem fotonaponskih ćelija, tehnološki razvoj solarnih modula te njihove prednosti i ograničenja u praktičnoj primjeni. Poseban naglasak stavljen je na sustave za pohranu energije, ključne za stabilnost i učinkovitost korištenja obnovljivih izvora, budući da proizvodnja solarne energije varira ovisno o vremenskim uvjetima i dobu dana. Analizirane su različite vrste baterija, s fokusom na litij-ionske, nikal-kadmijske, olovno-kiselinske i novije tehnologije poput solid-state baterija. Kroz primjere iz prakse, rad pokazuje kako decentralizirana proizvodnja energije može doprinijeti smanjenju emisije stakleničkih plinova, povećanju energetske sigurnosti i dugoročnom smanjenju troškova električne energije. Na kraju, rad raspravlja o budućim trendovima razvoja tehnologije, opasnostima od nastanka požara, načinima i taktikama vatrogasaca na intervencijama s nekim od alternativnih izvora električne energije.The aim of this thesis is to investigate alternative sources of electricity with an emphasis on the application of solar panels and energy storage systems using batteries. In the context of the global energy crisis and climate change, the need for sustainable and renewable energy sources is becoming increasingly pronounced. The paper analyzes the basic principles of converting solar energy into electricity using photovoltaic cells, the technological development of solar modules, and their advantages and limitations in practical application. Special emphasis is placed on energy storage systems, which are crucial for the stability and efficiency of using renewable sources, since solar energy production varies depending on weather conditions and time of day. Different types of batteries are analyzed, with a focus on lithium-ion, nickel-cadmium, lead-acid and newer technologies such as solid-state batteries. Through practical examples, the paper shows how decentralized energy production can contribute to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, increasing energy security, and reducing electricity costs in the long term. Finally, the paper discusses future trends in the development of technology, fire preventions and methods on interventions with some of the alternative sources of electrical energy
CONTROLLING AND ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR USING SIEMENS LOGO
No full textU ovom radu bit će opisane komponente potrebne za izradu upravljačkog ormara, te opis njihovog povezivanja i montaže. Također, bit će prikazan i način postavljanja parametara, te programiranja sustava upravljanja. Na kraju je opisan način rada cijelog sustava.This final paper will describe the components required for the construction of a control cabinet, as well as a description of their connection and assembly. It will also show how to set parameters and program the control system. Finally, the operation of the entire system is described
BEEKEEPING AS THE BASIS OF FAMILY ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND THE POSSIBILITY OF ITS DEVELOPMENT THROUGH APITHERAPY
No full textDiplomski rad analizira problematiku apiterapije u poduzetništvu. Cilj rada bio je dodatno istražiti obiteljsko poduzetništvo s posebnim naglaskom na pčelarstvo kao jednu od netipičnih grana poljoprivrednih djelatnosti. U prvom dijelu rada razrađena je metodologija istraživanja, dok je drugi dio posvećen analizi dobivenih podataka. Obiteljsko poduzetništvo vlasnički je oblik proizvodno-uslužne organizacije poslovanja, rizična je, kreativna i inovativna aktivnost članova obitelji. Aktivnost je to koja je usmjerena na ulaganje i kombiniranje proizvodnih faktora, kojom se nastoje ostvariti željeni ciljevi i ekonomski efekti, kako za poduzeće tako i za obitelj. Obiteljska poduzeća mogu biti i OPG-ovi. Primjer jednog takvog obiteljskog poduzeća je OPG Škrtić, koji se tradicijski bavi pčelarstvom te proizvodi med i propolis. Uz to, OPG planira svoje poslovanje proširiti uvođenjem apiterapije. Pčelarstvo je grana poljoprivrede koja se bavi uzgojem pčela medarica radi dobivanja meda, voska, matične mliječi, peluda, propolisa i pčelinjeg otrova. Apiterapija je metoda liječenja ili poboljšanja zdravlja pčelinjim proizvodima, pojedinačno ili u raznim međusobnim kombinacijama. Provođenjem istraživanja usmjerenog na razumijevanje lokalne zajednice i pčelara o percepciji pčelarstva i apiterapije, dobiva se odgovor na problematiku samog rada, odnosno u kojoj mjeri postoji spremnost zajednice za prihvaćanje apiterapije kao razvoja pčelarstva te koliko su pčelari motivirani i informirani za proširenje djelatnosti. Pčelarstvo je ljubav i posvećenost, posao koji se voli jedino ako mu se potpuno preda.The thesis analyzes the issue of apitherapy in entrepreneurship. The aim of the paper was to further investigate family entrepreneurship with a special emphasis on beekeeping as one of the atypical branches of agricultural activities. The first part of the paper elaborates the research methodology, while the second part is dedicated to the analysis of the obtained data. Family entrepreneurship is an ownership form of production and service organization of business, it is a risky, creative and innovative activity of family members. It is an activity that is focused on investing and combining production factors, which seeks to achieve the desired goals and economic effects, both for the company and for the family. Family businesses can also be OPGs. An example of such a family business is OPG Škrtić, which traditionally engages in beekeeping and primarily produces honey and propolis. In addition, the OPG plans to expand its business by introducing apitherapy. Beekeeping is a branch of agriculture that deals with the breeding of honey bees in order to obtain honey, wax, royal jelly, pollen, propolis and bee venom. Apitherapy is a method of treating or improving health with bee products, individually or in various combinations. By conducting research aimed at understanding the local community and beekeepers about the perception of beekeeping and apitherapy, an answer is obtained to the problem of the work itself, i.e. to what extent there is a willingness of the community to accept apitherapy as a development of beekeeping and how motivated and informed beekeepers are to expand their activities. Beekeeping is the result of love and dedication, a job that at times requires from you to give yourself completely to it
OCCUPATIONAL DISEASES CAUSED BY CHEMICAL HAZARDS
No full textProfesionalne bolesti uzrokovane kemijskim štetnostima značajno pogađaju radnike u različitim industrijama. Izloženost tvarima poput otapala, teških metala, pesticida, azbesta i formaldehida može dovesti do teških zdravstvenih stanja, uključujući rak i respiratorne, kožne, neurološke i reproduktivne poremećaje. Učinkovito upravljanje zahtijeva sveobuhvatnu procjenu rizika, tehničke i administrativne kontrole, pravilnu upotrebu zaštitne opreme i stalnu obuku radnika. Propisi Europske unije poput Okvirne direktive (89/391/EEZ), Direktive o kemijskim agensima (98/24/EZ), REACH i CLP pružaju čvrst pravni okvir za sigurnost na radnom mjestu. Rješavanje novih izazova istraživanjem, poboljšanim propisima i suradnjom ključno je za očuvanje zdravlja i sigurnosti radnika.Occupational diseases caused by chemical hazards significantly affect workers in various industries. Exposure to substances such as solvents, heavy metals, pesticides, asbestos, and formaldehyde can lead to severe health conditions including cancers and respiratory, skin, neurological, and reproductive disorders. Effective management requires comprehensive risk assessment, technical and administrative controls, proper use of protective equipment, and ongoing worker training. European Union regulations like the Framework Directive (89/391/EEC), Chemical Agents Directive (98/24/EC), REACH, and CLP provide a robust legal framework for workplace safety. Addressing emerging challenges through research, improved regulations, and collaboration is crucial for safeguarding workers' health and safety
SEWAGE SLUDGE DRYING FROM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANTS USING SOLAR ENERGY
No full textOvaj završni rad istražuje suvremene tehnologije za odvajanje nečistoća i njihovu primjenu, uz detaljno dimenzioniranje i analizu pročišćivača na primjeru grada s populacijom od 60.000 stanovnika. Rad obuhvaća pregled i karakteristike otpadnih voda, uključujući povijesni razvoj njihovog zbrinjavanja te procese koji se danas koriste za održavanje i obnovu tih resursa. Posebna pažnja posvećena je izazovima koji se javljaju tijekom procesa pročišćavanja, s naglaskom na tehnološku iskoristivost i mogućnosti primjene u sustavima za zbrinjavanje otpadnog mulja te njegovu daljnju uporabu. Praktični dio rada fokusira se na analizu i osmišljavanje rješenja za sustave zbrinjavanja, uključujući konstrukcijske aspekte i procese odlaganja, temeljeno na stvarnom primjeru. Na temelju dobivenih podataka, definiran je optimalni sustav za isušivanje otpadnog mulja, kao i specifikacija crpki potrebnih za njegov prijenos. Rezultati istraživanja pružaju uvid u tehnološki učinkovit i održiv sustav upravljanja otpadnim vodama.This thesis explores modern technologies for impurity separation and their application, with detailed dimensioning and analysis of a wastewater treatment plant for a city with a population of 60,000. The study encompasses an overview of wastewater characteristics, including the historical development of its management and the processes currently employed for maintenance and restoration. Special emphasis is placed on the challenges encountered during the purification process, focusing on technological efficiency and the potential for application in sludge management systems and its further utilization. The practical part of the thesis centers on the analysis and development of solutions for waste management systems, including construction aspects and disposal processes, based on a real-life example. Based on the obtained data, the optimal system for sludge dewatering and the specification of pumps required for its transfer have been defined. The research results provide insights into a technologically efficient and sustainable wastewater management system
SAFETY AND PROTECTION OF WORKERS WHEN CUTTING AND TRANSPORTING WOOD LOGS
No full textRadom će se odgovoriti na pitanja koji su sve izazovi rada u šumarstvu, koje su najčešće štetnosti, opasnosti i napori kod sječe i transporta stabala, a sa kojima se radnici svakodnevno susreću, kao i koje su to organizacijske, tehničke i i osobne mjere zaštite čija je primjena obavezna. Zbog specifičnosti gospodarske djelatnosti šumarstva, sa osobitom pažnjom se pristupa zaštiti na radu kako bi se na vrijeme spriječile neželjene posljedice. Ugroza čovjeka, njegovog zdravlja, ali i života na ovakvim poslovima je, na žalost, više nego česta, tako da se svako ulaganje u sigurnost na radu može smatrati itekako isplativom investicijom. Svakodnevni rizici u radu zahtijevaju i određene pripreme prije pristupanja sječi stabala, procjenu rizika, a nadasve ispravnu, kvalitetnu i primjerenu zaštitnu opremu, koja je glavni preduvjet sigurnijeg rada i zaštite radnika. Rad u šumarstvu obavlja se pod „otvorenim“ nebom, a svako drvo koje se ruši priča je za sebe i zato je procjena rizika, kao jedna od osnovnih obveza zaštite na radu, u šumarstvu od osobite važnosti. Na samom kraju, u eksperimentalnom dijelu rada, dati će se prikaz postupka procjene rizika od opasnosti, štetnosti i napora šumskog radnika sjekača.This paper addresses the challenges of working in forestry, the most common hazards, risks, and efforts involved in the lumbering and transporting trees, which workers face daily, and the organizational, technical, and personal safety measures that must be implemented. Due to the specific nature of the forestry industry, occupational safety is approached with particular care to prevent undesirable consequences in time. Unfortunately, threats to workers, their health, and their lives are too common in this field, making every investment in workplace safety highly worthwhile. Daily risks in forestry work require specific preparations before commencing tree cutting,including risk assessments and the use of proper, high-quality, and adequate protective equipment, which is a key prerequisite for safer work and worker protection. Forestry work is carried out under the „open“ sky, and every fallen tree is a unique challenge. Therefore, risk assessment, as one of the fundamental obligations of workplace safety, is particularly important in forestry. Finally, in the experimental part of the paper, the procedure for risk assessment regarding the dangers, hazards, and efforts by forestry workers during lumbering will be presented