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CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTEWATER FROM THE TOWN OF ZAPREŠIĆ
No full textOtpadne vode sadrže razne štetne tvari koje onečišćuju vodu i kao takve ne smiju se ispuštati u prirodu, odnosno
takva voda mora biti podvrgnuta adekvatnom procesu pročišćavanja. Najčešći način pročišćavanja otpadnih voda
provodi se putem Uređaja za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda koji koristi kombinaciju mehaničkih, fizikalno –
kemijskih i bioloških metoda. Mehaničkim procesom obrade otpadne vode uklanjaju se grube nečistoće i
suspendirane tvari dok se daljnjom fizikalno-kemijskom obradom uklanjaju koloidne te anorganske tvari, a
biološka metoda dizajnirana je za uklanjanje organskih tvari prirodnog porijekla. Cilj ovog završnog rada bio je
provesti dvotjedno ispitivanje učinkovitosti pročišćavanja otpadnih voda pristiglih na Uređaj za pročišćavanje
otpadnih voda grada Zaprešića. Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na uspješno provedeno pročišćavanje pri čemu se u
prvom stupnju obrade otpadnih voda količina štetnih tvari smanjila do 60%, a sekundarnom obradom moguće je
uz pomoć aktivnog mulja smanjiti od 30% do 50% ukupnog dušika.Wastewater contains various harmful substances that pollute water and as such must not be discharged into nature,
that is, such water must be subjected to an adequate purification process. The most common method of wastewater
treatment is carried out through the Wastewater Treatment plant, which uses a combination of mechanical,
physical-chemical and biological methods. The mechanical process of wastewater treatment removes coarse
impurities and suspended substances, while further physical-chemical treatment removes colloidal and inorganic
substances, and biological methods are designed for removing organic substances of natural origin. The target of
this final work was to conduct a two-week test of the efficiency of wastewater treatment received at the Zaprešić
City Wastewater Treatment Plant. The obtained results indicate a successful treatment, where in the first stage of
wastewater treatment, the amount of harmful substances was reduced by up to 60%, and with the secondary
treatment, it is possible to remove from 30 to 50% of the total nitrogen with the help of active sludge
CREDITS FOR LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANIES AND CRAFTSMEN ON THE EXAMPLE OF ADDIKO BANK
No full textRad analizira kreditnu ponudu Addiko banke za poslovne subjekte, odnosno obrte i društva
s ograničenom odgovornošću. Addiko banka u Hrvatskoj posluje od 1996. godine i definira
se kao banka orijentirana upravo na kreditiranje malog i srednjeg poduzetništva na području
srednje i jugoistočne Europe. Kod kreditiranja poslovnih subjekata, iste ne razlikuje prema
ustroju, već prema veličini, tako da nema razlike među obrtima i društvima s ograničenom
odgovornošću, već se za svaki poslovni subjekt, bez obzira na njegov ustroj, analiziraju
financijski i drugi pokazatelji te se na temelju toga donosi odluka o odobrenju kredita i
uvjetima kreditiranja, ukoliko se kredit odobri. U pravilu za poduzetnike, Addiko banka
nudi kredite u minimalnom iznosu od 1.000 eura i maksimalnom iznosu do 500.000 eura,
na minimalni rok otplate od jedne godine i maksimalni do 5 godina. Krediti su dostupni i za
klijente koji nemaju poslovni račun u Addiko banci, no oni koji imaju, imaju pogodnije
uvjete. Obrtnike banka tretira, kada je u pitanju kreditiranje, kao pravne subjekte, no ako
obrtnik iz nekog razloga kao poslovni subjekt ne može ostvariti kredit, tada može zatražiti
kreditiranje kao fizička osoba. Za mikro i male poslovne subjekte, u koje obrtnici najčešće
spadaju, kreditiranje kod pokretanja poslovanja može biti otežano, no u tom slučaju banka
nudi povoljnije kreditiranje u suradnji s državnim institucijama kao što su HBOR i
HAMAG-BICRO. U tom slučaju kamatne stope mogu biti značajno niže. Addiko banka za
financiranje obrtnih sredstava poslovnim subjektima nudi sljedeće kredite: kratkoročni
kredit s korištenjem po principu prekoračenja po transakcijskom računu – overdraft,
revolving kredit, kredit za obrtna sredstva i okvir za financijsko praćenje i limit. Uz to,
poslovnim subjektima koji su njeni klijenti banka nudi i druge vrste financijske podrške u
vidu kreditnih kartica, paketa uz transakcijski račun, zaštitu od tržišnih rizika i dr.The paper analyzes the credit offer of Addiko bank in Croatia for business entities - small
craft businesses and limited liability companies. Addiko bank has been operating in Croatia
since 1996 and defines itself as a bank focused on lending to small and medium-sized
businesses in Central and Southeastern Europe. When lending to business entities, they are
not differentiated by structure, but by size, so there is no difference between cratf businesses
and limited liability companies, but for each business entity, regardless of its structure,
financial and other indicators are analyzed and based on that bank makes a decision on credit
approval and credit conditions, if the credit is approved. As a rule, for entrepreneurs, Addiko
bank offers loans in the minimum amount of 1,000 euros and the maximum amount of up
to 500,000 euros, with a minimum repayment term of one year and a maximum of 5 years.
Loans are also available for clients who do not have a business account in Addko bank, but
those who do have more favorable conditions. When it comes to lending, the bank treats
crafts as legal entities, but if for some reason the ovner of craft business cannot obtain a loan
as a business entity, then he can request credit as a citizen. For micro and small businesses,
which craft businesses mostla are, lending when starting a business can be difficult, but in
that case the bank offers more favorable lending in cooperation with state institutions such
as HBOR and HAMAG-BICRO. In this case, interest rates can be significantly lower.
Addiko bank offers the following loans to business entities for financing working capital:
short-term credit with the use of an overdraft on a transaction account, revolving credit, loan
for working capital and a framework for financial monitoring and limit. In addition, the
bank offers business entities that are its clients other types of financial support in the form
of credit cards, packages with a transaction account, protection against market risks, etc
MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING
No full textU radu je obrađena magnetna metoda nerazornih ispitivanja. Rad se sastoji od
teorijskog i eksperimentalnog dijela.
U teorijskom dijelu opisani su osnovni principi kontrole magnetnim česticama, tehnike
magnetizacije, oprema koja se koristi prilikom ispitivanja, te norme ispitivanja i
ocjenjivanja indikacija.
U eksperimentalnom dijelu rada obuhvaćeno je ispitivanje magnetnim česticama na
dijelovima parne turbine Jugoturbina 50 MW. U prilogu rada nalaze se izvješća o
provedenom ispitivanju sa ocjenom pronađenih indikacija.The paper discusses the magnetic method of non-destructive testing. The work
consists of a theoretical and experimental part.
The theoretical part of the paper covers the basic principles of magnetic particles
testing, magnetization techniques, equipment used during testing, testing standards,
and evaluation of indications.
The experimental part of the paper covers the examination with magnetic particles on
components of a 50 MW steam turbine from Jugoturbina. The appendices of the paper
include reports on the conducted testing with an assessment of identified indications
COMPARISON OF THE GREAT DEPRESSION AND THE 2008 FINANCIAL CRISIS
No full textVelika depresija bila je najveća gospodarska kriza u povijesti koja je uništila američko
gospodarstvo tijekom tridesetih godina prošlog stoljeća. Velika depresija je zbog svoje
brzine širenja i povezanosti svjetske ekonomije gurnula skoro svaku državnu ekonomiju u
propast i označila početak državnog intervencionizma diljem svijeta. Često se uspoređuje
s financijskom krizom 21. stoljeća koja je započela 2008. godine zbog sličnih preduvjeta
nastanka. Nemarnost državnih organa, špekulacije na tržištu i međusobna povezanost
svjetske ekonomije uzrokovale su brzo širenje obje krize s razornim posljedicama.The Great Depression was the biggest economic crisis in history that ruined the American
economy in the third decade of the last century. Due to its’ fast spreading and connection
of the world economy, the Great Depression pushed almost every state economy into a
downfall and marked the beginning of state interventionism policies across the world. It
is often compared to the Financial Crisis of the 21 st . century that started in 2008. Due to
the similar perquisites of appearance. Negligence of the state apparatus, speculations on
the market and interconnected nature of the world economy caused a fast propagation of
both crises with devastating consequences
SAFETY OF TEHNOLOGICAL PROCES OF BEEAR BOTTLING
No full textU radu je opisan postupak punjenja piva u staklenu ambalažu koji je posljednji po redu
postupak u proizvodnji piva. Postupak punjenja piva u staklenu ambalažu je složen
proces. Sve započinje pranjem nepovratne staklene ambalaže u peračici boca.
Staklene boce koje su oprane pokretnom trakom prolaze kroz inspektor boca koji
kontrolira jesu li oprane boce dovoljno čiste i jesu li oštećene. Oštećene boce i
nedovoljno oprane se izuzimaju iz daljnjeg postupka. Boce koje su zadovoljile standard
čistoće i koje nisu oštećene odlaze u stoj za punjenje koji je ujedno i stroj za zatvaranje
boca. Dovoljno napunjene i zatvorene boce se etiketiraju odnosno nanosi se sloj lijepila
na kojeg se postavlja etiketa i otiskuje se rok trajanja piva. Staklene boce piva se potom
postavljaju u plastične nosiljke, a više plastičnih nosiljki se paletizatorom postavlja na
paletu gdje se učvršćuju plastičnom folijom od pada nosiljki. Tako složene palete se
odvoze u skladište gotove robe gdje se odlažu. Strojevi u pogonu punionice su
automatizirani i opremljeni zaštitnim napravama koje služe radi sigurnosti samih
zaposlenika. Pogon punionice je opremljen uređajima za detekciju ugljikovog dioksida
CO2, amonijačnim maskama kao i aparatima za gašenje požara i kutijama za prvu
pomoć. Zbog povećanja sigurnosti samih zaposlenika koristi se postupak označi i
zaključaj.n this paper is describe the process of filling beer into glass packaging, which is the
last step in beer production. The process of filling beer into glass packaging is a
complex process. Everything starts with washing non-returnable glass packaging in a
bottle washer. Glass bottles that have been washed on a conveyor belt pass through
a bottle inspector which checks whether the washed bottles are sufficiently clean and
whether they are damaged. Damaged and insufficiently washed bottles are excluded
from further processing. Bottles that have met the cleanliness standard and are not
damaged go to the filling station, which is also a bottle capping machine. Sufficiently
filled and closed bottles are labeled, that is, a layer of adhesive is applied on which the
label is placed and the expiration date of the beer is printed. Glass beer bottles are
then placed in plastic carriers, and several plastic carriers are placed on a pallet using
a palletizer, where they are secured with plastic film to prevent the carriers from falling.
The pallets assembled in this way are taken to the warehouse of finished goods, where
they are stored.The machines in the bottling plant are automated and equipped with
protective devices that serve to ensure the safety of the employees themselves. The
bottling plant is equipped with CO2 detection devices, ammonia masks as well as fire
extinguishers and first aid kits. In order to increase the safety of the employees
themselves, the lock out - tag out procedure is used
SAFETY SYSTEM OF THE HORSE PADDOCK-LIPIK
No full textema diplomskog rada provedeno je istraživanje specifičnosti i objektivnih rizika
te je osmišljen funkcionalni sustav tehničke zaštite ergele konja Lipik, instaliranjem
adekvatnog alarmnog sustava u svrhu zaštite imanja te time stvoriti sigurno okruženje uz
lakši nadzor i obavljanje dnevnih dužnosti radnika. U teoretskom dijelu rada objašnjeno
je kako rade elementi alarmnog sustava te na koji način može bitno olakšati
funkcioniranje i rad osoblja te konja lipicanaca, odnosno, koje su prednosti korištenja
takvih sustava nadzora. Svrha pisanja svega navedenoga jest podići svijest o tome kako
se isplati uložiti u kvalitetan alarmni sustav jer ništa ne može nadomjestiti ukradenu
imovinu, ugroženo ljudsko zdravlje, pa i moguću smrt. U praktičnom dijelu prikazat će
se kako unaprijediti postojeće nesigurno stanje alarmnog sustava na ergeli konja Lipik u
jedno kvalitetno i sigurno okruženje uz lakše obavljanje svakodnevnih zadataka i
jednostavniji nadzor istih.The topic of the diploma thesis was the research of specifics and objective risks,
and the functional system of technical protection of the Lipik horse stable was designed,
by installing an adequate alarm system for the purpose of protecting the property and thus
creating a safe environment with easier supervision and the performance of daily duties
of the workers. In the theoretical part of the paper, it is explained how the elements of the
alarm system work and how it can significantly facilitate the functioning and work of the
staff and Lipicaner horses, that is, what are the advantages of using such monitoring
systems. The purpose of writing all of the above is to raise awareness of how it pays to
invest in a quality alarm system, because nothing can replace stolen property, endangered
human health, and even possible death. In the practical part, it will be shown how to
improve the existing unsafe state of the alarm system at the Lipik horse stable into a high-
quality and safe environment with easier performance of daily tasks and simpler
supervision of them
FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEMS INSIDE THE SISAK OIL RAFINERY
No full textU ovom završnom radu prikazani su protupožarni sustavi unutar Rafinerije nafte Sisak koji služe za zaštitu spremnika za skladištenje zapaljivih tekućina. Suvremeno društvo karakterizira ubrzani gospodarski razvoj, u kojemu posebnu ulogu ima nafta kao jedna od najvažnijih prirodnih rezervi kemijsko-organskih proizvoda. Nafta i naftni derivati omogućuju ljudima ugodniju svakodnevicu, boljitak i napredak društva, no prerada i skladištenje nafte i naftnih derivata zahtijevaju strogo kontrolirane uvjete te su moguće izvanredne situacije poput požara i eksplozija u pogonima ove vrste. s dalekosežnim posljedicama. Potrebno je da u svakoj tvrtki koja se bavi transportom, preradom, skladištenjem i distribucijom nafte i naftnih derivata postoji zakonska regulativa zaštite od požara koja mora biti na visokoj razini, te da su osigurani svi uvjeti i procedure u pravodobno kako bi se hitne situacije svele na najmanju moguću mjeru. mjera. Zaštita od požara svake tvrtke koja djeluje na području Republike Hrvatske definirana je Zakonom o zaštiti od požara [9], podzakonskim aktima i samostalnim izvorima zakona koje su pravne osobe dužne donijeti na temelju zakona i propisa. U tu svrhu Rafinerija nafte Sisak kao temeljni dokument koristi Procjenu ugroženosti i Plan zaštite od požara. Uvidom u Procjenu opasnosti od požara i tehnoloških eksplozija, utvrđeni su rizici od nastanka požara i/ili tehnološke eksplozije, te je prikazana sva potrebna oprema za zaštitu od požara na predmetnom objektu. Pregledom projektne dokumentacije utvrđeno je jesu li projektirani svi potrebni sustavi, uređaji i oprema za zaštitu od požara. U zaključku završnog rada ocijenjena je usklađenost sustava zaštite unutar Rafinerije nafte Sisak s propisima o zaštiti od požara te Procjenom opasnosti od požara i tehnoloških eksplozija i Planom zaštite od požara i tehnoloških eksplozija.This final paper presents the fire protection systems inside the Sisak Oil Refinery, which serve to protect tanks for the storage of flammable liquids. Modern society is characterized by accelerated economic development, in which oil plays a special role as one of the most important natural reserves of chemical-organic products. Oil and oil derivatives enable people to have a more comfortable everyday life, betterment and progress of society, but the processing and storage of oil and oil derivatives require strictly controlled conditions, and extraordinary situations such as fires and explosions in plants of this type are possible with far-reaching consequences. It is necessary that in every company that deals with the transportation, processing, storage and distribution of oil and oil derivatives, there is a legal regulation on fire protection, which must be at a high level, and that all conditions and procedures are provided in a timely manner in order to reduce emergency situations to the minimum possible. measure. The fire protection of every company operating in the territory of the Republic of Croatia is defined by the Fire Protection Act [9], by-laws and autonomous sources of law that legal entities are obliged to adopt based on laws and regulations. For this purpose, the Sisak Oil Refinery uses the Risk Assessment and the Fire Protection Plan as a basic document. By inspecting the Fire and Technological Explosion Risk Assessment, the risks for the occurrence of fire and/or technological explosion were identified, and all necessary equipment for fire protection at the object in question was shown. A review of the project documentation determined whether all the necessary systems, devices and equipment for fire protection were designed. In the conclusion of the final work, the compliance of the protection system within the Sisak Oil Refinery with fire safety regulations and the Fire and Technological Explosion Risk Assessment and the Fire and Technological Explosion Protection Plan was assessed
PROTECTION MEASURES IN HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANTS AND FACIITIES
No full textHidroelektrane su elektroenergetska postrojenja i ujedno važan izvor električne energije. Jedna od značajnih karakteristika hidroelektrana je proizvodnja električne energije iz obnovljivih izvora. Osim što proizvodnja električne energije iz hidroelektrane dovodi do smanjenja zagađenja okoliša, hidroelektrane sadrže veliki potencijal za proizvodnju električne energije s smanjenim utjecajem na okolinu. Pogon za generiranje električne energije u Hrvatskoj čini 28 hidroelektrana raspoređenih u 3 proizvodna područja. U tom pogledu Hrvatska iskorištava puni potencijal prirodnih resursa.Hydroelectric plants are power plants and at the same time an important source of electricity. One of the important characteristics of hydroelectric power plants is the production of electricity from renewable sources. In addition to the fact that the production of electricity from a hydroelectric power plant leads to a reduction in environmental pollution, hydroelectric power plants contain a great potential for the production of electricity with a reduced impact on the environment. The plant for generating electricity in Croatia consists of 28 hydroelectric power plants distributed in 3 production areas. In this regard, Croatia exploits the full potential of natural resources
SAFETY OF THE TECHNOLOGICAL PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING PLASTIC COMPONENTS
No full textU radu je opisan tehnološki proces izrade plastičnih komponenata uz shematski prikaz i detaljan opis radnog procesa. Cilj rada je skrenuti pažnju na zaštitu na radu prilikom tehnološkog procesa. U glavnom dijelu je obrađen način rada stroja za preradu plastičnih komponenata, i sam način rada robota na tom stroju. Potrebno je da se tijekom tehnološkog procesa radnici pridržavaju uputa za siguran način rada prilikom rukovanja strojem i robotom zbog mogućih opasnosti koje su opisane u ovom radu. Procjenom rizika se utvrđuje razina opasnosti kod rada na tom stroju. Nakon spomenutih opasnosti s gledališta zaštite na radu važno je da se postignu određene mjere zaštite koje će osigurati siguran način rada. Za završetak ovog rada su obrađeni štetni parametri radnog okoliša koji utječu na zdravlje radnika. Te je opisana zaštita na radu u proizvodnom procesu i dan je njezin primjer. Važnu ulogu u smanjenjenu ozljeda i štetnosti za zdravlje radnika ima poticanje svjesti radnika na moguće opasnosti prilikom rada. Poticanje radnikove svjesti za sigurniji način rada postiže se raznim edukacijama, osposobljavanjima, redovnim nadzorima i savjetima za poboljšanje.The paper describes the technological process of making plastic components with a schematic representation and a detailed description of the work process. The aim of the paper is to draw attention to occupational safety during the technological process. The main part deals with the operation of the machine for processing plastic components, as well as the operation of the robot on that machine. During the technological process, workers must follow the instructions for a safe way of working when handling the machine and the robot due to the possible hazards described in this paper. The risk assessment determines the level of danger when working on that machine. After the abovementioned hazards from the occupational safety point of view, it is important to achieve certain protection measures that will ensure a safe way of working. For the completion of this work, harmful parameters of the working environment that affect the health of workers were processed. Occupational safety in the production process is described and an example is given. An important role in reducing injuries and harm to workers' health is played by encouraging workers' awareness of possible hazards at work. Encouraging the worker's awareness for a safer way of working is achieved through various educations, trainings, regular audits and advice for improvement
MECHATRONIC SYSTEM CONCEPT OF THE SMART GREENHOUSES
No full textema ovog završnog rada jest osmišljavanje i projektiranje sustava pametnoga staklenika koji bi služio kao pomoć poljoprivrednicima i ostalim ljudima u osiguravanju idealnih uvjeta za uzgoj vlastitoga voća i povrća. Završni rad podijeljen je u tri cjeline: uvod, teoretski dio i praktični dio. U svakoj cjelini bit će opisana određena faza rada. U uvodu se upoznajemo sa staklenicima, njihovom svrhom i uvjetima, koji su potrebni za ostvarivanje željene mikroklime za uzgoj biljaka. Teoretski dio daje uvid u ideju te opis korištenih komponenti. Praktični dio temelji se na procesu izrade pametnog sustava, od početne ideje do završne kompozicije te ispitivanju i rezultatima ispitivanja mehatroničkog sustava. Zaključak govori o ostvarivanju mogućih poboljšanja te koliko je sustav učinkovit.The topic of this final thesis is the design and creation of a SMART greenhouse mechatronic system that would help farmers and other people in providing ideal conditions for growing their own fruits and vegetables. The work is divided into three parts: introduction, theoretical part and practical part. Each unit will describe a certain phase of work. In the introduction, we get aquainted with greenhouses, their purpose and the conditions necessary to achieve the desired microclimate for growing plants. The theoretical part provides an insight into the idea and a description of the components used. The practical part is based on the process of creating a smart system from the initial idea to the final composition, as well as testing and testing results of the mechatronic system. The conclusion talks about possible improvements and how effective system i