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INFLUENCE OF PRITING PARAMETERS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND DIMENSIONAL ACCURACY IN FDM TECHNOLOGY
No full textU ovom istraživanju analiziran je utjecaj parametara FDM procesa (kao što su brzina ispisivanja, temperatura mlaznice, debljina sloja i postotak ispune) na mehanička svojstva i dimenzijsku točnost uzoraka iz PLA materijala koji su proizvedeni korištenjem 3D ispisa. Teorijski dio rada obuhvaća opis aditivne proizvodnje, različite tehnologije koje se koriste, prednosti i nedostatke aditivnih tehnologija te detaljno objašnjenje FDM procesa i PLA materijala. U eksperimentalnom dijelu rada, PLA uzorci su proizvedeni FDM postupkom s variranjem parametara, nakon čega je ispitano kako ti parametri utječu na rezultate ispitivanja.This study investigates the influence of FDM process parameters (such as printing speed, nozzle temperature, layer thickness, and infill percentage) on the mechanical properties and dimensional accuracy of samples from PLA material produced using 3D printing. The theoretical part of the research encompasses an overview of additive manufacturing, various technologies employed, advantages and disadvantages of additive technologies, and a detailed explanation of the FDM process and PLA material. In the experimental section, PLA samples were manufactured using the FDM process with parameter variations, followed by an examination of how these parameters affect the testing results
AUTOMATIC VEHICLE PARKINS
No full textOvaj završni rad opisuje predloženi mehatronički sustav za automatsko parkiranje vozila na nekom označenom zatvorenom proizvoljnom prostoru. Za te potrebe odrađeno je istraživanje objavljenih komercijalnih poznatih sustava za automatsko parkiranje vozila i objašnjen je način programiranja odabranog PLC-a, funkcije programa upravljanja, komponente i elemente sustava, te su na kraju istaknute prednosti ali i limiti predloženog sustava. Program upravljanja na način da povezuje podatke iz ugrađenih senzora i kamera za prepoznavanje parkirnih mjesta i preciznim upravljanjem vozilom s pomoću mehatroničkih aktuatora uparkirava vozilo u proizvoljno parkirno mjesto. U radu su uspoređeni različiti komercijalni sustavi automatskog parkiranja tvrtki Tesla, BMW i Audi. Autor zaključuje da funkcija automatskog parkiranja značajno doprinosi praktičnost, uštedi vremena i sigurnosti u prometu, unatoč velikom tehničkim izazovima.This final paper describes the proposed mechatronic system for automatic parking of vehicles in a marked closed arbitrary space. For these purposes, a research of published commercially known systems for automatic parking of vehicles was done and the method of programming the selected PLC was explained, the functions of the control program, components and elements of the system, and finally the advantages and limitations of the proposed system were highlighted. The control program parks the vehicle in an arbitrary parking space by connecting data from the built-in sensors and cameras for recognizing parking spaces by precisely controlling the vehicle with the help of mechatronic actuators. This paper compares different commercial automatic parking systems from Tesla, BMW and Audi. The author concludes that the automatic parking function significantly contributes to convenience, time saving and traffic safety, despite the great technical challenges
ANALYSIS OF THE APPLICATION OF RADIAL AND VOLUMETRIC PUMPS
No full textSAŽETAK U ovom završnom radu analizirana je primjena radijalnih i volumetričkih pumpi, s naglaskom na njihove tehničke karakteristike, način rada i primjenu u raznim područjima. U prvom dijelu rada obrađen je povijesni razvoj pumpi uključujući primjere egipatskog „Shadufa“ i Arhimedovog vijka te je objašnjeno kako su ove naprave omogućile razvoj. Drugi dio rada se fokusira na zupčaste pumpe, opisan je njihov princip rada, objašnjeni su mehanički dijelovi pumpe, njezini problemi te također prednosti. Preostali dio rada je bio posvećen obodnoj pumpi te je provedena teorijska usporedba između njihovih tehničkih karakteristika, gdje je zaključeno gdje koja pumpa ima bolju iskoristivost. U poglavlju proračuni izračunata je snaga, volumen tekućina koje prenose te gubitci zbog viskoznosti fluida.In this thesis, the application of radial and volumetric pumps is analysed, with a focus on their technical characteristics, operation and usage in various fields. The first part of the thesis covers the historical development of pumps, including examples of the Egyptian "Shaduf" and Archimedes' screw, and explains how these devices enabled further development. The second part of the thesis focuses on gear pumps, describing their working principle, explaining the mechanical components of the pump, its issues, as well as its advantages. The remaining part of the thesis is dedicated to peripheral pumps, and a theoretical comparison of their technical characteristics is made, concluding where each pump is more efficient. In the calculations chapter, power, fluid volume transported, and losses due to fluid viscosity are calculated
IMPROVING THE OPERATION OF FIRE DEPARTMENTS DURING RESCUE OPERATIONS WITHIN THE "GOLDEN HOUR"
No full textVatrogastvo kao stručna djelatnost ima zadaću spašavanja ljudskih života i imovine u svim vrstama ugroza. Shodno tome, vatrogasci se neprestano suočavaju s rastućim izazovima suvremenog svijeta. Njihova zadaća, spašavanje ljudi i imovine u najkritičnijim trenucima, zahtijeva ne samo fizičku snagu i hrabrost, već i neprestano usavršavanje i prilagodbu novim tehnologijama. U svijetu obilježenom nepredvidivim opasnostima, organizacija vatrogasne službe postaje sve kompleksnija, a intervencije sve zahtjevnije. Od brzog reagiranja na požare i prometne nesreće, do pružanja prve pomoći i tehničke pomoći, vatrogasci su postali prvi oslonac zajednice u kriznim situacijama. Kako bi se još bolje odgovorilo na sve veće zahtjeve, sve se češće razmatra mogućnost uvođenja medicinskog osoblja u vatrogasne postrojbe. Ovaj rad, temeljen na iskustvima Javne vatrogasne postrojbe Opatija (JVP Opatija), istražuje potencijal ovog pristupa i njegove primjene za budućnost vatrogasne službe.Firefighting, as a professional activity, has the task of saving human lives and property in all types of threats. Consequently, firefighters are constantly faced with the growing challenges of the modern world. Their task, saving people and property in the most critical moments, requires not only physical strength and courage, but also constant improvement and adaptation to new technologies. In a world characterized by unpredictable dangers, the organization of the fire service is becoming more and more complex, and the interventions more and more demanding. From quickly responding to fires and traffic accidents, to providing first aid and technical assistance, firefighters have become the community's first line of support in crisis situations. In order to respond even better to the ever-increasing demands, the possibility of introducing medical personnel into the fire brigades is being considered more and more often. This paper, based on the experiences of the Opatija Fire Department, explores the potential of this approach and its application for the future of the fire service
EXAMPLE OF RISK ASSESSMENT FOR MOTOR VEHICLE MAINTENANCE
No full textIII SAŽETAK Temu ovog rada odabrao sam zbog svoje dugogodišnje fascinacije sigurnošću i zdravljem na radu, posebno u industrijskim i zanatskim okruženjima. Automehaničarske radionice, kao mjesta gdje se svakodnevno rukuje teškim alatima, opasnim materijalima te složenom opremom, predstavljaju specifično radno okruženje s brojnim rizicima. Od početka mog studija, zanimalo me kako se procjenjuje i upravlja rizicima u takvim radionicama te kako se mogu unaprijediti sigurnosne mjere u svrhu osiguranja zaštite radnika. Smatram da je ova tema iznimno važna ne samo iz akademske perspektive, već i zbog njezinih praktičnih implikacija koje mogu značajno doprinijeti poboljšanju radnih uvjeta i sigurnosti u automehaničarskim radionicama. Prvi korak u izradi rada bila je temeljita analiza relevantne literature. Pregledao sam brojne znanstvene članke, knjige, studije i druge izvore kako bih stekao dublje razumijevanje postojećih saznanja o procjeni rizika u radionicama. Kako bi se osigurala valjanost i pouzdanost istraživanja, posebnu pažnju posvetio sam verifikaciji i validaciji podataka. Na temelju obrađenih i analiziranih podataka, interpretirao sam rezultate istraživanja i donio zaključke koji su u skladu s praktičnim iskustvom te teorijom.I chose the topic of this paper because of my long-standing fascination with safety and health at work, especially in industrial and craft environments. Car repair shops, as places where heavy tools, dangerous materials and complex equipment are handled on a daily basis, represent a specific work environment with numerous risks. Since the beginning of my studies, I have been interested in how risks are assessed and managed in such workshops and how safety measures can be improved to ensure the protection of workers. I believe that this topic is extremely important not only from an academic perspective, but also because of its practical implications that can significantly contribute to the improvement of working conditions and safety in auto repair shops. The first step in creating the paper was a thorough analysis of the relevant literature. I reviewed numerous scientific articles, books, studies and other sources to gain a deeper understanding of the existing knowledge on risk assessment in workshops. In order to ensure the validity and reliability of the research, I paid special attention to data verification and validation. Based on the processed and analyzed data, I interpreted the research results and drew conclusions that are in line with practical experience and theory
ANALYSIS OF PROPERTY INSURANCE ON EXAMPLES OF GENERALI OSIGURANJE AND ADRIATIC OSIGURANJE
No full textOsiguranje je metoda prijenosa rizika s osiguranika na osiguravatelja, koji prihvaća nadoknaditi slučajne štete onim osobama kod kojih su nastale i raspodijeli ih na sve članove koji se nalaze u rizičnoj zajednici na načelima solidarnosti te uzajamnosti. U današnje vrijeme osiguranje predstavlja važan aspekt u životu ljudi. Važno je za ekonomsku stabilnost pojedinca i cijelog društva. Ljudi žele zaštiti sebe i svoju imovinu od brojnih rizika kojima su izloženi svakodnevno. Iz tog razloga danas postoje različite vrste osiguranja koje se dijele u dvije skupine: životna i neživotna osiguranja. Tema rada je imovinsko osiguranje koje se ubraja u skupinu neživotnih osiguranja. Temeljna svrha te vrste osiguranja je zaštita imovine od oštećenja ili potpunog gubitka kojima uzrok mogu biti brojni rizici. Ono obuhvaća osiguranje od požara i elementarnih šteta i ostalo osiguranje imovine. Rizici kojima je imovina izložena uključuju: požar, potres, oluja, tuča, eksplozija, provalna krađa i razbojstvo itd. U radu su razrađeni primjeri polica osiguranja imovine dvaju osiguravajućih društava koji djeluju u Republici Hrvatskoj, a to su Generali osiguranje i Adriatic osiguranje. Analizom primjera utvrđeni su uvjeti osiguranja koje svako društvo nudi, a njihovom usporedbom zaključuje se da imaju određenih sličnosti i različitosti. Ponude ovise o više faktora među kojima su najznačajniji vrsta osiguranog objekta i njegova obilježja, broj rizika koji se osigurava i vrijeme trajanja osiguranja.Insurance is a method of risk transfer from insured person to insurer, who accepts to compensate for accidental damages to those whom they occured and distribute them to all members of the risk community through principles of solidarity and reciprocity. In today's time insurance presents an important aspect of peoples lifes. It is important for economic stability of an individual and whole society. People want to protect themselves and their properties from many risks to which they're exposed on a day to day basis. That's the reason why today there are various types of insurances which are divided in two groups: life insurances and non-life insurances. Topic of the paper is property insurance which is classified as non-life insurance. Basic purpose ot that type of insurance is protection of property from damage or total loss from many risks. It includes insurance against fire and natural disasters and other types of property insurance. The risks to which property is exposed include fire, earthquake, storm, hail, explosion, burglary and robbery etc. Through the paper an examples of property insurance policies of two insurance companies in the Republic of Croatia, Generali insurance and Adriatic insurance, are elaborated. By analizing the examples, conditions of insurance of both insurance companies were determined, and from their comparison arises that they have some similarities and differences. Insurance offers depend on several factors, type of insured object and its characteristics, the number of risks that is going to be insured from and duration of insurance are most significant
OIL SPILL ACCIDENT AND SAFETY MEASURES AND PREVENTIVE ACTIONS IN REFINERY
No full textIII SAŽETAK Bez naftne industrije gotovo pa nemoguće bi bilo zamisliti današnjicu kakvu zapravo poznajemo. S porastom broja takvih postrojenja dolazi i do velikog broja zapošljavanja ljudi što bi značilo da uz ljudski faktor pogreške je puno mogućnosti za nastanak opasnih situacija za osobe koja se nalaze u takvoj vrsti postrojenja gdje nije pitanje hoće li se desiti, već kad će se desiti nekakav problem, bio on fatalan ili sitan. Ovaj diplomski rad omogućuje čitatelju da pobliže raspozna piramidu rafinerijskog postrojenja od samih početaka proizvodnih procesa, produkata, načina rada i radnih operacija rafinerije do same zaštite takvih objekata uređajima i opremom predviđenim za to. Radom se pojašnjavaju sredstva zaštite, organizacijske i tehničke mjere načina djelovanja i rada osoba zaduženih za protupožarnu zaštitu, sustave i sisteme te preventivne radnje kako bi spriječili ponavljanje istih vrsta akcidenata.Without the oil industry, it would be almost impossible to imagine today as we actually know it. With the increase in the number of such facilities, a large number of people are employed, which would mean that in addition to the human factor of error, there are many opportunities for the emergence of dangerous situations for people who are in this type of facility, where the question is not whether it will happen, but when it will happen problem, be it fatal or minor. This thesis allows the reader to get a closer look at the pyramid of a refinery plant from the very beginnings of production processes, products, working methods and operations of the refinery to the very protection of such facilities with the devices and equipment provided for it. The work explains the means of protection, organizational and technical measures of the way of action and work of persons in charge of fire protection, systems and systems, and preventive actions to prevent the repetition of the same types of accidents
WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT OF OGULIN-TECHNOLOGY AND SAFETY AT WORK
No full textRad na temu "Uređaj za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda Grada Ogulina – tehnologija i zaštita na radu" obuhvaća analizu i opis tehnološkog procesa pročišćavanja otpadnih voda u gradu Ogulinu, s posebnim naglaskom na tehnologiju korištenu u postrojenju te na mjere zaštite na radu koje se primjenjuju pri upravljanju i održavanju uređaja. U radu je opisana važnost pročišćavanja otpadnih voda s ciljem zaštite okoliša i očuvanja prirodnih vodnih resursa. Detaljno se opisuje tehnologija korištena na uređaju za pročišćavanje otpadnih voda, uključujući mehaničke, biološke i kemijske procese pročišćavanja. Također, u radu se analizira sigurnosti na radu, uključujući identifikaciju potencijalnih opasnosti za pojedina radna mjesta, kao što su rad s kemikalijama, biološke opasnosti i mehaničke nesreće, te mjere zaštite koje se provode radi sprječavanja nesreća i osiguravanja sigurnog radnog okruženja.The work on the topic "Wastewater treatment plant in the city of Ogulin - technology and safety at work" includes an analysis and description of the technological process of wastewater treatment in the city of Ogulin, with a special emphasis on the technology used in the plant and on the occupational safety measures that are applied during management and device maintenance. The paper describes the importance of wastewater treatment in order to protect the environment and preserve natural water resources. The technology used in the wastewater treatment plant is described in detail, including mechanical, biological and chemical treatment processes. Also, the work analyzes safety at work, including the identification of potential hazards for individual workplaces, such as working with chemicals, biological hazards and mechanical accidents, as well as protective measures implemented to prevent accidents and ensure a safe working environment
FIRE PROTECTION MEASURES TAKEN DURING THE RENOVATION OF THE SKRLEC-BALBI PALACE IN ZAGREB
No full textOvim završnim radom želi se naglasiti važnost provođenja mjera i aktivnosti prema Zakonu o zaštiti od požara („Narodne novine“ br. 92/2010, 114/2022 – dalje u tekstu Zakon o zaštiti od požara) kako bi se spasili ljudski životi, te smanjili negativni učinci na okoliš i građevine u kojima požar može nastati. Zgrade kulturne baštine građene su u vrijeme kada nije bilo propisa o zaštiti od požara, te su se koristili tradicionalni građevinski materijali i metode zbog kojih danas dijelovi baštinskih zgrada možda ne zadovoljavaju trenutne sigurnosne standarde, što predstavlja značajan rizik od požara. U ovom radu analizirane su poduzete mjere zaštite od požara koje su provedene tijekom obnove zgrade kulturne baštine, odnosno Palače Škrlec-Balbi u Zagrebu.This final work aims to emphasize the importance of implementing measures and activities according to the Law on Fire Protection („Narodne novine“ No. 92/2010, 114/2022 – No. 92/2010, 114/2022 - hereinafter referred to as the Law on Fire Protection) in order to save human lives and reduce the negative effects on the environment and buildings where a fire can occur. Cultural heritage buildings were built at a time when there was no fire safety regulations, and traditional building materials and methods were used, which is why parts of heritage buildings today may not meet current safety standards, posing a significant fire risk. This paper analyzes the fire protection measures taken during the renovation of the cultural heritage building, i.e. the Škrlec-Balbi Palace in Zagreb
THE IMPACT OF HEAVY METALS ON THE ENVIRONMENT - THE CASE OF RIVER NERETVA
No full textTeški metali, visoko toksični kemijski elementi, prirodno se javljaju u zemlji, ali i nastaju kao posljedica ljudskih aktivnosti. Njihova prisutnost u okolišu predstavlja ozbiljan problem za okoliš i zdravlje ljudi. Putovi unosa teških metala u okoliš uključuju industrijsko onečišćenje, otpad, rudarstvo, promet, poljoprivredu te unos kroz hranu, vodu i zrak. Oni se akumuliraju u tlu, vodi i biljkama te štetno djeluju na ekosustave i lanac prehrane. Izloženost teškim metalima može uzrokovati neurološka oštećenja, karcinogene učinke, reproduktivne poremećaje i oštećenja organa i sustava kod ljudi. Mjere za smanjenje utjecaja teških metala uključuju regulacije i zakonodavstvo, filtriranje vode i zraka, recikliranje i učinkovito zbrinjavanje otpada, kontrolu poljoprivrednih aktivnosti, monitoring teških metala u okolišu i testiranje ljudi te sigurne postupke rukovanja i odlaganja. Analizom utjecaja teških metala na određeno područje identificiraju se visoke razine kontaminacije i provode mjere za smanjenje utjecaja na lokalnoj razini. Razumijevanje utjecaja teških metala na okoliš i zdravlje ljudi ključno je za razvoj održivih strategija zaštite. Primjena adekvatnih mjera za smanjenje kontaminacije teškim metalima, kontrola izvora onečišćenja, poboljšanje infrastrukture za zbrinjavanje otpada i edukacija javnosti o rizicima povezanim s teškim metalima su od iznimne važnosti. Suradnjom vlada, industrije, znanstvenika i građana moguće je ostvariti napredak u zaštiti okoliša i osigurati zdraviju budućnost za sve. Cilj završnog rada je analizirati definiciju, karakteristike i izvore teških metala te istaknuti njihovu štetnost za okoliš, ekosustave i zdravlje. Također, cilj je naglasiti potrebu za primjenom održivih pristupa u industriji i svakodnevnim aktivnostima.Heavy metals, highly toxic chemical elements, occur naturally in the earth, but also arise as a result of human activities. Their presence in the environment represents a serious problem for the environment and human health. Pathways of heavy metal entry into the environment include industrial pollution, waste, mining, transport, agriculture and intake through food, water and air. They accumulate in soil, water and plants and have a harmful effect on ecosystems and the food chain. Exposure to heavy metals can cause neurological damage, carcinogenic effects, reproductive disorders and organ and system damage in humans. Measures to reduce the impact of heavy metals include regulations and legislation, water and air filtration, recycling and efficient waste disposal, control of agricultural activities, monitoring of heavy metals in the environment and human testing, and safe handling and disposal procedures. By analyzing the impact of heavy metals on a specific area, high levels of contamination are identified and measures are implemented to reduce the impact at the local level. Understanding the impact of heavy metals on the environment and human health is essential for the development of sustainable protection strategies. Application of adequate measures to reduce contamination with heavy metals, control of pollution sources, improvement of infrastructure for waste disposal and education of the public about the risks associated with heavy metals are extremely important. With the cooperation of governments, industry, scientists and citizens, it is possible to achieve progress in environmental protection and ensure a healthier future for everyone. The aim of the final paper is to analyze the definition, characteristics and sources of heavy metals and highlight their harmfulness for the environment, ecosystems and health. Also, the goal is to emphasize the need to apply sustainable approaches in industry and daily activities