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CYBER ATTACKS AND CYBER SECURITY
No full textU ovom radu cilj je pobliže objasniti što su kibernetički napadi, kako se mogu izvesti putem računalnih programa, kakvu štetu kibernetički napadi mogu napraviti za žrtvu, bila ona pojedinac ili veliko poduzeće, kako se obavljaju testiranja računalnih sustava, te načini pronalaska počinitelja kibernetičkog napada.In this final work, the goal is to explain in more detail what cyberattacks are, how they can be carried out through computer programs, how much damage cyberattacks can do to the victim, be it an individual or a large company, how computer systems are tested, and ways to find the perpetrator of a cyberattack
PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF ULTRAVIOLET AND X-RAY RADIATION
No full textU prvom dijelu rada navedena su opća svojstva ultraljubičastog i rendgenskog zračenja. Zatim je opisana njihova primjena u svakodnevnom životu. U radu je također objašnjeno djelovanje ultraljubičastog i rendgenskog zračenja kao i njihove mjere zaštite.In the first part of the paper, the general properties of ultraviolet and X-ray radiation are stated. Then their application in everyday life is described. The paper also explains the effect of ultraviolet and X-ray radiation as well as their protection measures
THE SIGNIFICANCE OF SPORTS AND TOURISM IN THE TOWN OF JASTREBARSKO
No full textU fokusu završnog rada dubinski se analizira složena povezanost između sportskog turizma i bogate sportske ponude u gradu Jastrebarskom. Prostornim okvirom teorijski se razmatraju ključni koncepti samog sporta, sportskog turizma i njegova ključna uloga u poticanju turizma u specifičnim destinacijama poput Jastrebarskog. Proučavanjem povijesti grada i razvoja sportskih aktivnosti, te uloge turističke zajednice i sportskih organizacija, analizira se kako sport i turizam doprinose cjelokupnom razvoju grada. Posebna pozornost posvećena je ulozi turističke zajednice grada Jastrebarskog u promociji sportskih događaja, dostupnosti informacija i poticanju aktivnosti koje privlače turiste. Nadalje, detaljno se istražuje financiranje sportskih zajednica grada i pravilnici koji reguliraju te aspekte. Rad također obuhvaća analizu sportskih i turističkih događaja u Jastrebarskom, posjećenost i utjecaj na lokalnu zajednicu. Na kraju, istražuje se potencijal razvoja sportsko-rekreacijskog turizma u gradu s ciljem unapređenja infrastrukture i promicanja aktivnosti koje će privući veći broj posjetitelja i poboljšati gospodarske i turističke rezultate grada.The focus of the final thesis is a comprehensive analysis of the intricate connection between sports tourism and the rich sports offer in the city of Jastrebarsko. Theoretical considerations explore key concepts of sports itself, sports tourism, and its pivotal role in promoting tourism in specific destinations like Jastrebarsko. By examining the city's history and the development of sports activities, as well as the role of the tourist community and sports organizations, the study analyzes how sports and tourism contribute to the overall development of the city. Special attention is devoted to the role of the tourist community of the city of Jastrebarsko in promoting sports events, accessibility of information, and encouraging activities that attract tourists. Furthermore, detailed research is conducted on the funding of sports communities in the city and the regulations governing these aspects. The paper also includes an analysis of sports and tourism events in Jastrebarsko, their attendance, and their impact on the local community. Finally, the potential for the development of sports-recreational tourism in the city is explored with the aim of improving infrastructure and promoting activities that will attract a larger number of visitors and enhance the economic and tourism results of the city
TRANSPORT OF EXPLOSIVE SUBSTANCES IN ROAD TRAFFIC
No full textOpasnim tvarima smatraju se tvari, koje zbog svojih svojstva kao što su eksplozivnost, otrovnost, zapaljivost, korozivnost i slično, mogu ugroziti život i zdravlje ljudi, prouzročiti materijalnu štetu i imati štetan utjecaj na okoliš. Također, opasnim tvarima se smatraju i sirovine od kojih se proizvode opasne tvari i otpad, ako imaju svojstva spomenutih tvari. Prema Zakonu o prijevozu opasnih tvari i ADR-u, opasne tvari podijeljene su u devet skupina, odnosno klasa, a to su: 1. eksplozivne tvari, 2. plinovi, 3. zapaljive tekućine, 4. zapaljive krute tvari, 5. oksidirajuće tvari ili oksidansi, 6. otrovne tvari, 7. radioaktivne tvari, 8. korozivne ili nagrizajuće tvari, 9. ostale opasne tvari. Tema ovog završnog rada jesu eksplozivne tvari (klasa 1), odnosno prijevoz eksplozivnih tvari u cestovnom prometu. Eksplozivne tvari su krute i tekuće kemijske tvari koje imaju svojstvo da, prilikom vanjskih djelovanja kao što su udar, trenje ili toplina, eksplozivnim kemijskim razlaganjem oslobađaju plinove ili energiju u obliku topline.Hazardous substances are substances that, due to their properties such as explosiveness, toxicity, flammability, corrosiveness and the like, can endanger the life and health of people, cause material damage and have a harmful impact on the environment. Also, raw materials from which hazardous substances and waste are produced are considered dangerous substances, if they have the properties of these substances. According to the Act on Transport of Dangerous Goods and ADR, dangerous goods are divided into nine groups, i.e. classes, namely: 1. explosive substances, 2. gases, 3. flammable liquids, 4. flammable solids, 5. oxidizing substances or oxidants, 6. toxic substances, 7. radioactive substances, 8. corrosive or corrosive substances, 9. other dangerous substances. The topic of this final thesis is explosive substances (class 1), that is, the transport of explosive substances in road traffic. Explosive substances are solid and liquid chemical substances that have the property that, during external actions such as impact, friction or heat, they release gases or energy in the form of heat through explosive chemical decomposition
INTERNAL ORGANIZATION AND TASKS OF THE CROATIAN FIREFIGHTING ASSOCIATION
No full textU ovom završnom radu ću razrađivati temu unutarnjeg ustrojstva Hrvatske vatrogasne zajednice. Spomenut ćemo povijest hrvatskog vatrogastva i povijest Hrvatske vatrogasne zajednice. Nabrojati ću koja su to tijela Hrvatske vatrogasne zajednice te koja je njihova uloga i koji posao obavljaju. Duboko ćemo razraditi unutarnje ustrojstvo Hrvatske vatrogasne zajednice i djelokrug ustrojstvenih jedinica u središnje uredu u Zagrebu. Hrvatska vatrogasna zajednica je glavni državni ured za vatrogastvo, a glavni vatrogasni zapovjednik je odgovoran Vladi RH za zakonitost rada, opremljenost, organiziranost, osposobljenost i spremnost vatrogasnih organizacija, postrojbi i vatrogasaca u zemlji.In this final paper, I will elaborate on the topic of the internal structure of the Croatian Firefighters Association. We will discuss the history of Croatian firefighting and the history of the Croatian Firefighters Association. I will list the bodies of the Croatian Firefighters Association, their roles, and the tasks they perform. We will thoroughly explore the internal structure of the Croatian Firefighters Association and the scope of the organizational units in the central office in Zagreb. The Croatian Firefighters Association is the main state office for firefighting, and the Chief Fire Commander is responsible to the Government of the Republic of Croatia for the legality of work, equipment, organization, training, and readiness of firefighting organizations, units, and firefighters in the country
THE IMPACT OF PESTICIDES ON THE ENVIRONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH
No full textPesticide je moguće podijeliti na više načina, kao što su podjela prema namjeni i načinu djelovanja i prema podrijetlu i kemijskom sastavu. U pesticide ubrajamo insekticide, fungicide i herbicide te se oni najviše koriste. Pesticidi imaju štetan utjecaj na ljudsko zdravlje i okoliš. Kontaminiraju tlo, vodu i zrak, uzrokujući dugoročnu degradaciju okoliša. Izloženost pesticidima može dovesti do ozbiljnih zdravstvenih problema kod ljudi, uključujući neurološke poremećaje i kancerogene učinke. Stoga je važno primjenjivati održive poljoprivredne prakse i educirati javnost o sigurnoj uporabi pesticida kako bismo zaštitili zdravlje ljudi i okoliš za buduće generacije.Pesticides can be categorized in various ways, such as based on their purpose and mode of action, as well as by their origin and chemical composition. Insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides are included in pesticides, and they are the most commonly used. Pesticides have harmful impact on human health and the environment. They contaminate soil, water and air, leading to long-term environmental degradation. Exposure to pesticides can result in serious health issues for humans, including neurological disorders and carcinogenic effects. Therefore, it is crucial to implement sustainable agricultural practices and educate the public about the safe use of pesticides to protect the health of people and the environment for future generations
USE OF MACHANISM IN EARTHWORKS
No full textU ovom radu detaljno ćemo istražiti o bagerima, strojevima koji su neizostavni u današnjim građevinskim, rudarskim i transportnim radovima. Njihova svestranost i snaga omogućuju učinkovito obavljanje različitih zadataka na gradilištima diljem svijeta. Raz- motrit ćemo njihovu podjelu prema kategorijama. Osim toga, detaljno ćemo analizirati izgled bagera, uključujući strukturu stroja, dimenzije, tehnološke karakteristike i komponente koje čine ove moćne strojeve. Posebno ćemo istražiti komande koje se nalaze unutar kabine bagera, gdje se nalazi rukovoditelj, jer razumijevanje ovih komandi ključno je za siguran i učinkovit rad s bagerima. Pri radu s bagerom, neophodno je poštivati razne zakone, propise i pravilnike koji reguliraju rad s ovom vrstom opreme. Sigurnost pri radu s bagerom ima iznimnu važnost, a osoba koja rukovodi bagerom mora biti stručno osposobljena i raditi s velikom pozor- nošću kako bi se izbjegla oštećenja imovine i, što je još važnije, ugrožavanje ljudskih života. Na samom kraju rada, pružit ćemo pregled potrebne radne opreme koja je neop- hodna za sigurno obavljanje poslova s bagerom. Ovo uključuje osobnu zaštitnu opremu, kao i dodatnu opremu potrebnu za održavanje i servisiranje bagera. Cilj nam je istaknuti ključne aspekte koji doprinose sigurnosti i učinkovitosti rada, te pružiti smjernice za pra- vilno korištenje ovih moćnih strojeva.In this paper, we will investigate in detail about excavators, machines that are indispensable in today's construction, mining and transportation works. Their versatility and power enable them to efficiently perform various tasks on construction sites around the world. We will consider their division by categories. In addition, we will analyze in detail the appearance of the excavator, including the structure of the machine, dimensions, technological characteristics and components that make up these powerful machines. We will separately investigate the controls located inside the excavator cabin, where the operator is located, because understanding these controls is essential for safe and efficient work with excavators. When working with an excavator, it is necessary to comply with various laws, regulations and ordinances that regulate work with this type of equipment. Safety when working with an excavator is extremely important, and the person operating the excavator must be professionally trained and work with great attention in order to avoid damage to property and, what is even more important, endangering human lives. At the very end of the work, we will provide an overview of the necessary work equipment that is necessary for safe work with the excavator. This includes personal pro- tective equipment, as well as additional equipment needed to maintain and service the excavator. We aim to highlight key aspects that contribute to safety and efficiency of work and provide guidance for the proper use of these powerful machines
PROCUREMENT PROCEDURE AND POSSESSION OF WEAPONS AND AMMUNITION
No full textPokušavamo li definirati samo oružje i streljivo, kao i njihovu namjenu svakako dolazimo do zaključka da se njime primjenjuje i prouzrokuje fizička sila. No ipak oružje i streljivo kao jedno od najopasnijih ubojitih sredstava ima različita područja primjene te različite subjekte unutar društvene zajednice koji se njime koriste. Naime, zakonodavac je Zakonom o nabavi i posjedovanju oružja građana [1] kao temeljnim zakonom koji određuje materiju oružja u Republici Hrvatskoj propisao da se oružje dijeli u četiri kategorije i to prema stupnju opasnosti. Isto tako, prema Direktivi Vijeća o nadzoru nabave i posjedovanja oružja kao temeljnog akta na razini Europske unije koji regulira navedenu problematiku vatreno oružje kao najopasnije oružje definirano je kao svako prijenosno cijevno oružje koje ispaljuje, služi za ispaljivanje ili se može prepraviti za ispaljivanje sačme, zrna ili projektila djelovanjem zapaljivog potisnog sredstva.[10] Vatrenim oružjem smatraju se i bitni dijelovi vatrenog oružja koje zakon definira kao odvojive dijelove koji su prilikom ispaljivanja streljiva opterećeni tlakom (oni dijelovi na kojima se nalaze tormentacijske oznake, kao i serijski broj), a ovisno o konstrukciji oružja, to su cijev vatrenog oružja s ležištem streljiva, kućište, mehanizam za bravljenje (npr. navlaka kod pištolja, zatvarač kod pušaka, bubanj kod revolvera) i koji se, kao odvojeni predmeti, svrstavaju u kategoriju vatrenog oružja na koje su postavljeni ili na koje se namjeravaju postaviti. Nadalje, samo streljivo određeno je pak posebnim Zakonom o eksplozivnim tvarima te proizvodnji i prometu oružja [15] koji propisuje da su eksplozivne tvari eksplozivi, sredstva za iniciranje eksplozivnih tvari, pirotehnička sredstva, baruti, streljivo i proizvodi punjeni eksplozivnim tvarima. Usprkos svemu navedenom, posjedovanje određenih kategorija oružja i streljiva unatoč njihovoj ubojitoj namjeni nije zabranjeno građanima obzirom da se najčešće koristi upravo u sportske i rekreativne svrhe, no za njegovu nabavu i posjedovanje moraju se udovoljiti propisanim zakonskim aktima.If we try to define only weapons and ammunition, as well as their purpose, we certainly come to the conclusion that they apply and cause physical force. However, weapons and ammunition, as one of the most dangerous means of killing, have different areas of application and different subjects within the social community who use them. Namely, in the Law on the Acquisition and Possession of Weapons by Citizens [1] as the fundamental law that determines the nature of weapons in the Republic of Croatia, the legislator prescribed that weapons are divided into four categories according to the degree of danger. Likewise, according to the Council Directive on the supervision of the acquisition and possession of weapons as a fundamental act at the level of the European Union that regulates the aforementioned issue, firearms as the most dangerous weapons are defined as any portable barrel weapon that fires, is used for firing, or can be modified to fire shot, grain or projectiles by the action of an incendiary propellant.[10] Firearms are also considered to be essential parts of a firearm, which the law defines as detachable parts that are loaded with pressure when firing ammunition (those parts on which there are torture markings, as well as the serial number), and depending on the construction of the weapon, these are the barrel of the firearm with ammunition magazine, casing, locking mechanism (e.g. pistol cover, rifle bolt, revolver drum) and which, as separate objects, are classified in the category of firearms to which are installed or intended to be installed. Furthermore, the ammunition itself is determined by the special Law on Explosive Substances and the Production and Trade of Weapons [15] which stipulates that explosive substances are explosives, means for initiating explosive substances, pyrotechnics, gunpowder, ammunition and products filled with explosive substances. Despite all of the above, the possession of certain categories of weapons and ammunition, despite their lethal purpose, is not prohibited to citizens, given that it is most often used precisely for sports and recreational purposes, but for its acquisition and possession, prescribed legal acts must be complied with
PROFESSIONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT IN FIREFIGHTING
No full textOsobna zaštitna oprema važna je komponenta u vatrogastvu, pružajući vatrogascima
zaštitu tijekom intervencija u gašenju požara i spašavanju života. Obuhvaća različite
vrste materijala kako bi zaštitile vatrogasce tijekom obavljanja njihovih dužnosti.
Stoga u ovom radu informirati ćete se kojim propisanim normama, zakonima i
pravilnicima treba zadovoljavati osobna zaštitna vatrogasna oprema, kao i vrste
materijala, izdržljivost, kvaliteta i održavanje osobne zaštitne opreme u vatrogastvu.
Obzirom na različite situacije rada, prikazat će se vrste osobne zaštite opreme.Personal protective equipment is an important component in firefighting, providing
firefighters with protection during firefighting and lifesaving interventions. It includes
different types of materials to protect firefighters while performing their duties.
Therefore, in this paper you will be informed about the prescribed norms, laws and
regulations that personal protective firefighting equipment must meet, as well as the
types of materials, durability, quality and maintenance of personal protective
equipment in firefighting.
Considering the different work situations, the types of personal protection equipment
will be shown
DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM IN UNDEVELOPED AREAS-KRNJAK MUNICIPALITY
No full textSpecifičnost razvoja turizma u ruralnim područjima leži u njihovim posebnostima. Ruralne prostore obilježava bogata prirodna, kulturna i tradicijska baština, ali i problemi depopulacije, napuštanja tradicionalnih djelatnosti te slabljenje gospodarskog rasta i razvoja. U takvim okolnostima, često se baš u turizmu traži održivo razvojno rješenje za ruralna područja. Turizam ima vrlo značajnu ulogu u modifikaciji ruralnih prostora jer kroz svoje izravne i neizravne utjecaje, generira značajne efekte, kao što su dodatni prihodi lokalnog stanovništva, povećanje investicija i zapošljavanja, čime potiče i osnažuje razvoj lokalnog gospodarstva. Razvoj turizma jedno je od mogućih načina revitalizacije ruralnih područja i povećanje kvalitete života na tim prostorima. Trendovi turističke potražnje usmjeravaju na sve veći interes turista za specifične oblike turizma među kojima ruralni turizam i svi oblici turističkih aktivnosti na ruralnim područjima zauzimaju visoko mjesto. Stoga, svrha ovog rada jeste u prikazu specifičnih obilježja turističkoga razvoja u ruralnom prostoru, odnosno u isticanju njegovih prednosti i koristi za lokanu zajednicu na primjeru Općine Krnjak i na potencijalnim pozitivnim učincima koje razvoj turizma u ruralnim područjima donosi ruralnim zajednicama. Razvoj turizma u ruralnom području trebao bi biti strateški planiran uz istovremenu svjesnost njegovih negativnih učinaka na okoliš i sociokulturno okruženje. Pri planiranju i razvoju turizma u ruralnim prostorima u prvi plan treba staviti potrebe i zahtjeve lokalne zajednice uz istovremeno usvajanja načela održivog razvoja turizma u ruralnim prostorima. Predmet ovog rada je istražiti teorijske postavke razvoja ruralnog turizma, i ključne pretpostavke za razvoj ruralnog turizma. Cilj rada je istražiti mogućnosti razvoja ruralnog turizma na nerazvijenim područjima na primjeru Općine Krnjak. Za potrebe ovoga rada provedeno je i primarno istraživanje stavova domicilnog stanovništva o mogućnostima razvoja turizma na području Općine Krnjak.The specificity of tourism development in rural areas lies in their peculiarities. Rural the areas are characterized by a rich natural, cultural and traditional heritage, but also by problems of depopulation, abandonment of traditional activities and weakening of economic growth and development. In such circumstances, a sustainable development solution for rural areas is often sought in tourism. Tourism has a very significant role in the modification of rural areas because through its direct and indirect impacts, generates significant effects, such as additional income of the local population, increasing investments and employment, which encourages and strengthens the development of the local economy. The development of tourism is one of the possible ways of revitalizing rural areas and increasing them quality of life in those areas. The trends in tourist demand point to an ever- increasing trend tourists' interest in specific forms of tourism, including rural tourism and all forms of tourism activities in rural areas take a high place. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to presentation of specific characteristics of tourism development in rural areas, i.e. highlighting its advantages and benefits for the local community on the example of the Municipality of Krnjak and the effects that he brings to rural communities. The development of tourism in rural areas should be strategic planned with the simultaneous awareness of its negative effects on the environment and socio-cultural surroundings. When planning and developing tourism in rural areas, it should be put in the foreground the needs and demands of the local community while simultaneously adopting the principles of sustainable development tourism in rural areas. The subject of this paper is to investigate the theoretical assumptions of development of rural tourism, and key assumptions for the development of rural tourism. The aim of the work is to investigate the possibilities of developing rural tourism in undeveloped areas on the example of the Municipality of Krnjak. For the purposes of this work, primary research was conducted among the resident population of Fr views on the possibilities of tourism development in the area of the Municipality of Krnjak